From 1f6efe57be97f0456afbecc8dab11a618d4a42f5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alex Auvolat Date: Tue, 28 Nov 2023 11:31:02 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 1/3] doc: update the `db_engine` section --- doc/book/reference-manual/configuration.md | 55 ++++++++++++---------- 1 file changed, 29 insertions(+), 26 deletions(-) diff --git a/doc/book/reference-manual/configuration.md b/doc/book/reference-manual/configuration.md index 1ac681cf..e48b39a3 100644 --- a/doc/book/reference-manual/configuration.md +++ b/doc/book/reference-manual/configuration.md @@ -107,44 +107,47 @@ on how to operate Garage in such a setup. ### `db_engine` (since `v0.8.0`) -By default, Garage uses the Sled embedded database library -to store its metadata on-disk. Since `v0.8.0`, Garage can use alternative storage backends as follows: +Since `v0.8.0`, Garage can use alternative storage backends as follows: | DB engine | `db_engine` value | Database path | | --------- | ----------------- | ------------- | -| [Sled](https://sled.rs) | `"sled"` | `/db/` | -| [LMDB](https://www.lmdb.tech) | `"lmdb"` | `/db.lmdb/` | +| [LMDB](https://www.lmdb.tech) (default since `v0.9.0`) | `"lmdb"` | `/db.lmdb/` | +| [Sled](https://sled.rs) (default up to `v0.8.0`) | `"sled"` | `/db/` | | [Sqlite](https://sqlite.org) | `"sqlite"` | `/db.sqlite` | +Sled was the only database engine up to Garage v0.7.0. Performance issues and +API limitations of Sled prompted the addition of alternative engines in v0.8.0. +Since v0.9.0, LMDB is the default engine instead of Sled, and Sled is +deprecated. We plan to remove Sled in Garage v1.0. + Performance characteristics of the different DB engines are as follows: -- Sled: the default database engine, which tends to produce - large data files and also has performance issues, especially when the metadata folder - is on a traditional HDD and not on SSD. -- LMDB: the recommended alternative on 64-bit systems, - much more space-efficiant and slightly faster. Note that the data format of LMDB is not portable - between architectures, so for instance the Garage database of an x86-64 - node cannot be moved to an ARM64 node. Also note that, while LMDB can technically be used on 32-bit systems, - this will limit your node to very small database sizes due to how LMDB works; it is therefore not recommended. -- Sqlite: Garage supports Sqlite as a storage backend for metadata, - however it may have issues and is also very slow in its current implementation, - so it is not recommended to be used for now. +- Sled: tends to produce large data files and also has performance issues, + especially when the metadata folder is on a traditional HDD and not on SSD. -It is possible to convert Garage's metadata directory from one format to another with a small utility named `convert_db`, -which can be downloaded at the following locations: -[for amd64](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/_releases/convert_db/amd64/convert_db), -[for i386](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/_releases/convert_db/i386/convert_db), -[for arm64](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/_releases/convert_db/arm64/convert_db), -[for arm](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/_releases/convert_db/arm/convert_db). -The `convert_db` utility is used as folows: +- LMDB: the recommended database engine on 64-bit systems, much more + space-efficient and slightly faster. Note that the data format of LMDB is not + portable between architectures, so for instance the Garage database of an + x86-64 node cannot be moved to an ARM64 node. Also note that, while LMDB can + technically be used on 32-bit systems, this will limit your node to very + small database sizes due to how LMDB works; it is therefore not recommended. + +- Sqlite: Garage supports Sqlite as an alternative storage backend for + metadata, and although it has not been tested as much, it is expected to work + satisfactorily. Since Garage v0.9.0, performance issues have largely been + fixed by allowing for a no-fsync mode (see `metadata_fsync`). Sqlite does not + have the database size limitation of LMDB on 32-bit systems. + +It is possible to convert Garage's metadata directory from one format to another +using the `garage convert-db` command, which should be used as follows: ``` -convert-db -a -i \ - -b -o +garage convert-db -a -i \ + -b -o ``` -Make sure to specify the full database path as presented in the table above, -and not just the path to the metadata directory. +Make sure to specify the full database path as presented in the table above +(third colummn), and not just the path to the metadata directory. ### `metadata_fsync` From 939d1f2e17f0aa9729bc15759e30d1324e8b3e4e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alex Auvolat Date: Tue, 28 Nov 2023 11:53:26 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 2/3] doc: improve navigation in configuration reference --- doc/book/cookbook/exposing-websites.md | 2 +- doc/book/operations/layout.md | 2 +- doc/book/reference-manual/configuration.md | 137 +++++++++++++++------ doc/book/reference-manual/features.md | 2 +- 4 files changed, 100 insertions(+), 43 deletions(-) diff --git a/doc/book/cookbook/exposing-websites.md b/doc/book/cookbook/exposing-websites.md index 5f6a5a28..9382a541 100644 --- a/doc/book/cookbook/exposing-websites.md +++ b/doc/book/cookbook/exposing-websites.md @@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ Our website serving logic is as follow: Now we need to infer the URL of your website through your bucket name. Let assume: - - we set `root_domain = ".web.example.com"` in `garage.toml` ([ref](@/documentation/reference-manual/configuration.md#root_domain)) + - we set `root_domain = ".web.example.com"` in `garage.toml` ([ref](@/documentation/reference-manual/configuration.md#web_root_domain)) - our bucket name is `garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr`. Our bucket will be served if the Host field matches one of these 2 values (the port is ignored): diff --git a/doc/book/operations/layout.md b/doc/book/operations/layout.md index ece17ddb..ee05aba1 100644 --- a/doc/book/operations/layout.md +++ b/doc/book/operations/layout.md @@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ An introduction to building cluster layouts can be found in the [production depl In Garage, all of the data that can be stored in a given cluster is divided into slices which we call *partitions*. Each partition is stored by one or several nodes in the cluster -(see [`replication_mode`](@/documentation/reference-manual/configuration.md#replication-mode)). +(see [`replication_mode`](@/documentation/reference-manual/configuration.md#replication_mode)). The layout determines the correspondence between these partition, which exist on a logical level, and actual storage nodes. diff --git a/doc/book/reference-manual/configuration.md b/doc/book/reference-manual/configuration.md index e48b39a3..4a9a17a9 100644 --- a/doc/book/reference-manual/configuration.md +++ b/doc/book/reference-manual/configuration.md @@ -77,7 +77,64 @@ The following gives details about each available configuration option. ## Available configuration options -### `metadata_dir` +### Index + +Top-level configuration options: +[`block_size`](#block_size), +[`bootstrap_peers`](#bootstrap_peers), +[`compression_level`](#compression_level), +[`data_dir`](#metadata_dir), +[`data_fsync`](#data_fsync), +[`db_engine`](#db_engine), +[`lmdb_map_size`](#lmdb_map_size), +[`metadata_dir`](#metadata_dir), +[`metadata_fsync`](#metadata_fsync), +[`replication_mode`](#replication_mode), +[`rpc_bind_addr`](#rpc_bind_addr), +[`rpc_public_addr`](#rpc_public_addr), +[`rpc_secret`](#rpc_secret), +[`rpc_secret_file`](#rpc_secret), +[`sled_cache_capacity`](#sled_cache_capacity), +[`sled_flush_every_ms`](#sled_flush_every_ms). + +The `[consul_discovery]` section: +[`api`](#consul_api), +[`ca_cert`](#consul_ca_cert), +[`client_cert`](#consul_client_cert), +[`client_key`](#consul_client_cert), +[`consul_http_addr`](#consul_http_addr), +[`meta`](#consul_tags), +[`service_name`](#consul_service_name), +[`tags`](#consul_tags), +[`tls_skip_verify`](#consul_tls_skip_verify), +[`token`](#consul_token). + +The `[kubernetes_discovery]` section: +[`namespace`](#kube_namespace), +[`service_name`](#kube_service_name), +[`skip_crd`](#kube_skip_crd). + +The `[s3_api]` section: +[`api_bind_addr`](#s3_api_bind_addr), +[`root_domain`](#s3_root_domain), +[`s3_region`](#s3_region). + +The `[s3_web]` section: +[`bind_addr`](#web_bind_addr), +[`root_domain`](#web_root_domain). + +The `[admin]` section: +[`api_bind_addr`](#admin_api_bind_addr), +[`metrics_token`](#admin_metrics_token), +[`metrics_token_file`](#admin_metrics_token), +[`admin_token`](#admin_token), +[`admin_token_file`](#admin_token), +[`trace_sink`](#admin_trace_sink), + + +### Top-level configuration options + +#### `metadata_dir` {#metadata_dir} The directory in which Garage will store its metadata. This contains the node identifier, the network configuration and the peer list, the list of buckets and keys as well @@ -85,7 +142,7 @@ as the index of all objects, object version and object blocks. Store this folder on a fast SSD drive if possible to maximize Garage's performance. -### `data_dir` +#### `data_dir` {#data_dir} The directory in which Garage will store the data blocks of objects. This folder can be placed on an HDD. The space available for `data_dir` @@ -105,7 +162,7 @@ data_dir = [ See [the dedicated documentation page](@/documentation/operations/multi-hdd.md) on how to operate Garage in such a setup. -### `db_engine` (since `v0.8.0`) +#### `db_engine` (since `v0.8.0`) {#db_engine} Since `v0.8.0`, Garage can use alternative storage backends as follows: @@ -149,7 +206,7 @@ garage convert-db -a -i \ Make sure to specify the full database path as presented in the table above (third colummn), and not just the path to the metadata directory. -### `metadata_fsync` +#### `metadata_fsync` {#metadata_fsync} Whether to enable synchronous mode for the database engine or not. This is disabled (`false`) by default. @@ -179,7 +236,7 @@ Here is how this option impacts the different database engines: Note that the Sqlite database is always ran in `WAL` mode (`PRAGMA journal_mode = WAL`). -### `data_fsync` +#### `data_fsync` {#data_fsync} Whether to `fsync` data blocks and their containing directory after they are saved to disk. @@ -192,7 +249,7 @@ at the cost of a moderate drop in write performance. Similarly to `metatada_fsync`, this is likely not necessary if geographical replication is used. -### `block_size` +#### `block_size` {#block_size} Garage splits stored objects in consecutive chunks of size `block_size` (except the last one which might be smaller). The default size is 1MiB and @@ -207,7 +264,7 @@ files will remain available. This however means that chunks from existing files will not be deduplicated with chunks from newly uploaded files, meaning you might use more storage space that is optimally possible. -### `sled_cache_capacity` +#### `sled_cache_capacity` {#sled_cache_capacity} This parameter can be used to tune the capacity of the cache used by [sled](https://sled.rs), the database Garage uses internally to store metadata. @@ -215,14 +272,14 @@ Tune this to fit the RAM you wish to make available to your Garage instance. This value has a conservative default (128MB) so that Garage doesn't use too much RAM by default, but feel free to increase this for higher performance. -### `sled_flush_every_ms` +#### `sled_flush_every_ms` {#sled_flush_every_ms} This parameters can be used to tune the flushing interval of sled. Increase this if sled is thrashing your SSD, at the risk of losing more data in case of a power outage (though this should not matter much as data is replicated on other nodes). The default value, 2000ms, should be appropriate for most use cases. -### `lmdb_map_size` +#### `lmdb_map_size` {#lmdb_map_size} This parameters can be used to set the map size used by LMDB, which is the size of the virtual memory region used for mapping the database file. @@ -230,7 +287,7 @@ The value of this parameter is the maximum size the metadata database can take. This value is not bound by the physical RAM size of the machine running Garage. If not specified, it defaults to 1GiB on 32-bit machines and 1TiB on 64-bit machines. -### `replication_mode` +#### `replication_mode` {#replication_mode} Garage supports the following replication modes: @@ -313,7 +370,7 @@ to the cluster while rebalancing is in progress. In theory, no data should be lost as rebalancing is a routine operation for Garage, although we cannot guarantee you that everything will go right in such an extreme scenario. -### `compression_level` +#### `compression_level` {#compression_level} Zstd compression level to use for storing blocks. @@ -337,7 +394,7 @@ Compression is done synchronously, setting a value too high will add latency to This value can be different between nodes, compression is done by the node which receive the API call. -### `rpc_secret`, `rpc_secret_file` or `GARAGE_RPC_SECRET` (env) +#### `rpc_secret`, `rpc_secret_file` or `GARAGE_RPC_SECRET` (env) {#rpc_secret} Garage uses a secret key, called an RPC secret, that is shared between all nodes of the cluster in order to identify these nodes and allow them to @@ -349,7 +406,7 @@ Since Garage `v0.8.2`, the RPC secret can also be stored in a file whose path is given in the configuration variable `rpc_secret_file`, or specified as an environment variable `GARAGE_RPC_SECRET`. -### `rpc_bind_addr` +#### `rpc_bind_addr` {#rpc_bind_addr} The address and port on which to bind for inter-cluster communcations (reffered to as RPC for remote procedure calls). @@ -358,14 +415,14 @@ the node, even in the case of a NAT: the NAT should be configured to forward the port number to the same internal port nubmer. This means that if you have several nodes running behind a NAT, they should each use a different RPC port number. -### `rpc_public_addr` +#### `rpc_public_addr` {#rpc_public_addr} The address and port that other nodes need to use to contact this node for RPC calls. **This parameter is optional but recommended.** In case you have a NAT that binds the RPC port to a port that is different on your public IP, this field might help making it work. -### `bootstrap_peers` +#### `bootstrap_peers` {#bootstrap_peers} A list of peer identifiers on which to contact other Garage peers of this cluster. These peer identifiers have the following syntax: @@ -382,42 +439,42 @@ key will be returned by `garage node id` and you will have to add the IP yourself. -## The `[consul_discovery]` section +### The `[consul_discovery]` section Garage supports discovering other nodes of the cluster using Consul. For this to work correctly, nodes need to know their IP address by which they can be reached by other nodes of the cluster, which should be set in `rpc_public_addr`. -### `consul_http_addr` and `service_name` +#### `consul_http_addr` {#consul_http_addr} The `consul_http_addr` parameter should be set to the full HTTP(S) address of the Consul server. -### `api` +#### `api` {#consul_api} Two APIs for service registration are supported: `catalog` and `agent`. `catalog`, the default, will register a service using the `/v1/catalog` endpoints, enabling mTLS if `client_cert` and `client_key` are provided. The `agent` API uses the `v1/agent` endpoints instead, where an optional `token` may be provided. -### `service_name` +#### `service_name` {#consul_service_name} `service_name` should be set to the service name under which Garage's RPC ports are announced. -### `client_cert`, `client_key` +#### `client_cert`, `client_key` {#consul_client_cert} TLS client certificate and client key to use when communicating with Consul over TLS. Both are mandatory when doing so. Only available when `api = "catalog"`. -### `ca_cert` +#### `ca_cert` {#consul_ca_cert} TLS CA certificate to use when communicating with Consul over TLS. -### `tls_skip_verify` +#### `tls_skip_verify` {#consul_tls_skip_verify} Skip server hostname verification in TLS handshake. `ca_cert` is ignored when this is set. -### `token` +#### `token` {#consul_token} Uses the provided token for communication with Consul. Only available when `api = "agent"`. The policy assigned to this token should at least have these rules: @@ -437,49 +494,49 @@ node_prefix "" { } ``` -### `tags` and `meta` +#### `tags` and `meta` {#consul_tags} Additional list of tags and map of service meta to add during service registration. -## The `[kubernetes_discovery]` section +### The `[kubernetes_discovery]` section Garage supports discovering other nodes of the cluster using kubernetes custom resources. For this to work, a `[kubernetes_discovery]` section must be present with at least the `namespace` and `service_name` parameters. -### `namespace` +#### `namespace` {#kube_namespace} `namespace` sets the namespace in which the custom resources are configured. -### `service_name` +#### `service_name` {#kube_service_name} `service_name` is added as a label to the advertised resources to filter them, to allow for multiple deployments in a single namespace. -### `skip_crd` +#### `skip_crd` {#kube_skip_crd} `skip_crd` can be set to true to disable the automatic creation and patching of the `garagenodes.deuxfleurs.fr` CRD. You will need to create the CRD manually. -## The `[s3_api]` section +### The `[s3_api]` section -### `api_bind_addr` +#### `api_bind_addr` {#s3_api_bind_addr} The IP and port on which to bind for accepting S3 API calls. This endpoint does not suport TLS: a reverse proxy should be used to provide it. Alternatively, since `v0.8.5`, a path can be used to create a unix socket with 0222 mode. -### `s3_region` +#### `s3_region` {#s3_region} Garage will accept S3 API calls that are targetted to the S3 region defined here. API calls targetted to other regions will fail with a AuthorizationHeaderMalformed error message that redirects the client to the correct region. -### `root_domain` {#root_domain} +#### `root_domain` {#s3_root_domain} The optional suffix to access bucket using vhost-style in addition to path-style request. Note path-style requests are always enabled, whether or not vhost-style is configured. @@ -491,12 +548,12 @@ using the hostname `my-bucket.s3.garage.eu`. -## The `[s3_web]` section +### The `[s3_web]` section Garage allows to publish content of buckets as websites. This section configures the behaviour of this module. -### `bind_addr` +#### `bind_addr` {#web_bind_addr} The IP and port on which to bind for accepting HTTP requests to buckets configured for website access. @@ -504,7 +561,7 @@ This endpoint does not suport TLS: a reverse proxy should be used to provide it. Alternatively, since `v0.8.5`, a path can be used to create a unix socket with 0222 mode. -### `root_domain` +#### `root_domain` {#web_root_domain} The optional suffix appended to bucket names for the corresponding HTTP Host. @@ -513,11 +570,11 @@ will be accessible either with hostname `deuxfleurs.fr.web.garage.eu` or with hostname `deuxfleurs.fr`. -## The `[admin]` section +### The `[admin]` section Garage has a few administration capabilities, in particular to allow remote monitoring. These features are detailed below. -### `api_bind_addr` +#### `api_bind_addr` {#admin_api_bind_addr} If specified, Garage will bind an HTTP server to this port and address, on which it will listen to requests for administration features. @@ -526,7 +583,7 @@ See [administration API reference](@/documentation/reference-manual/admin-api.md Alternatively, since `v0.8.5`, a path can be used to create a unix socket. Note that for security reasons, the socket will have 0220 mode. Make sure to set user and group permissions accordingly. -### `metrics_token`, `metrics_token_file` or `GARAGE_METRICS_TOKEN` (env) +#### `metrics_token`, `metrics_token_file` or `GARAGE_METRICS_TOKEN` (env) {#admin_metrics_token} The token for accessing the Metrics endpoint. If this token is not set, the Metrics endpoint can be accessed without access control. @@ -537,7 +594,7 @@ You can use any random string for this value. We recommend generating a random t `metrics_token_file` and the `GARAGE_METRICS_TOKEN` environment variable are supported since Garage `v0.8.2`. -### `admin_token`, `admin_token_file` or `GARAGE_ADMIN_TOKEN` (env) +#### `admin_token`, `admin_token_file` or `GARAGE_ADMIN_TOKEN` (env) {#admin_token} The token for accessing all of the other administration endpoints. If this token is not set, access to these endpoints is disabled entirely. @@ -548,7 +605,7 @@ You can use any random string for this value. We recommend generating a random t `admin_token_file` and the `GARAGE_ADMIN_TOKEN` environment variable are supported since Garage `v0.8.2`. -### `trace_sink` +#### `trace_sink` {#admin_trace_sink} Optionally, the address of an OpenTelemetry collector. If specified, Garage will send traces in the OpenTelemetry format to this endpoint. These diff --git a/doc/book/reference-manual/features.md b/doc/book/reference-manual/features.md index 2f8e633a..e8ba9510 100644 --- a/doc/book/reference-manual/features.md +++ b/doc/book/reference-manual/features.md @@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ This is particularly usefull when nodes are far from one another and talk to one Garage supports a variety of replication modes, with 1 copy, 2 copies or 3 copies of your data, and with various levels of consistency, in order to adapt to a variety of usage scenarios. -Read our reference page on [supported replication modes](@/documentation/reference-manual/configuration.md#replication-mode) +Read our reference page on [supported replication modes](@/documentation/reference-manual/configuration.md#replication_mode) to select the replication mode best suited to your use case (hint: in most cases, `replication_mode = "3"` is what you want). ### Web server for static websites From cfa5550cb284a0fa440b8266342469ef89cf92f0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Alex Auvolat Date: Tue, 28 Nov 2023 11:58:27 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 3/3] doc: move replication_mode to top of configuration page reference --- doc/book/reference-manual/configuration.md | 170 ++++++++++----------- 1 file changed, 85 insertions(+), 85 deletions(-) diff --git a/doc/book/reference-manual/configuration.md b/doc/book/reference-manual/configuration.md index 4a9a17a9..18d160bb 100644 --- a/doc/book/reference-manual/configuration.md +++ b/doc/book/reference-manual/configuration.md @@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ weight = 20 Here is an example `garage.toml` configuration file that illustrates all of the possible options: ```toml +replication_mode = "3" + metadata_dir = "/var/lib/garage/meta" data_dir = "/var/lib/garage/data" metadata_fsync = true @@ -21,8 +23,6 @@ sled_cache_capacity = "128MiB" sled_flush_every_ms = 2000 lmdb_map_size = "1T" -replication_mode = "3" - compression_level = 1 rpc_secret = "4425f5c26c5e11581d3223904324dcb5b5d5dfb14e5e7f35e38c595424f5f1e6" @@ -134,6 +134,89 @@ The `[admin]` section: ### Top-level configuration options +#### `replication_mode` {#replication_mode} + +Garage supports the following replication modes: + +- `none` or `1`: data stored on Garage is stored on a single node. There is no + redundancy, and data will be unavailable as soon as one node fails or its + network is disconnected. Do not use this for anything else than test + deployments. + +- `2`: data stored on Garage will be stored on two different nodes, if possible + in different zones. Garage tolerates one node failure, or several nodes + failing but all in a single zone (in a deployment with at least two zones), + before losing data. Data remains available in read-only mode when one node is + down, but write operations will fail. + + - `2-dangerous`: a variant of mode `2`, where written objects are written to + the second replica asynchronously. This means that Garage will return `200 + OK` to a PutObject request before the second copy is fully written (or even + before it even starts being written). This means that data can more easily + be lost if the node crashes before a second copy can be completed. This + also means that written objects might not be visible immediately in read + operations. In other words, this mode severely breaks the consistency and + durability guarantees of standard Garage cluster operation. Benefits of + this mode: you can still write to your cluster when one node is + unavailable. + +- `3`: data stored on Garage will be stored on three different nodes, if + possible each in a different zones. Garage tolerates two node failure, or + several node failures but in no more than two zones (in a deployment with at + least three zones), before losing data. As long as only a single node fails, + or node failures are only in a single zone, reading and writing data to + Garage can continue normally. + + - `3-degraded`: a variant of replication mode `3`, that lowers the read + quorum to `1`, to allow you to read data from your cluster when several + nodes (or nodes in several zones) are unavailable. In this mode, Garage + does not provide read-after-write consistency anymore. The write quorum is + still 2, ensuring that data successfully written to Garage is stored on at + least two nodes. + + - `3-dangerous`: a variant of replication mode `3` that lowers both the read + and write quorums to `1`, to allow you to both read and write to your + cluster when several nodes (or nodes in several zones) are unavailable. It + is the least consistent mode of operation proposed by Garage, and also one + that should probably never be used. + +Note that in modes `2` and `3`, +if at least the same number of zones are available, an arbitrary number of failures in +any given zone is tolerated as copies of data will be spread over several zones. + +**Make sure `replication_mode` is the same in the configuration files of all nodes. +Never run a Garage cluster where that is not the case.** + +The quorums associated with each replication mode are described below: + +| `replication_mode` | Number of replicas | Write quorum | Read quorum | Read-after-write consistency? | +| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------ | ----------- | ----------------------------- | +| `none` or `1` | 1 | 1 | 1 | yes | +| `2` | 2 | 2 | 1 | yes | +| `2-dangerous` | 2 | 1 | 1 | NO | +| `3` | 3 | 2 | 2 | yes | +| `3-degraded` | 3 | 2 | 1 | NO | +| `3-dangerous` | 3 | 1 | 1 | NO | + +Changing the `replication_mode` between modes with the same number of replicas +(e.g. from `3` to `3-degraded`, or from `2-dangerous` to `2`), can be done easily by +just changing the `replication_mode` parameter in your config files and restarting all your +Garage nodes. + +It is also technically possible to change the replication mode to a mode with a +different numbers of replicas, although it's a dangerous operation that is not +officially supported. This requires you to delete the existing cluster layout +and create a new layout from scratch, meaning that a full rebalancing of your +cluster's data will be needed. To do it, shut down your cluster entirely, +delete the `custer_layout` files in the meta directories of all your nodes, +update all your configuration files with the new `replication_mode` parameter, +restart your cluster, and then create a new layout with all the nodes you want +to keep. Rebalancing data will take some time, and data might temporarily +appear unavailable to your users. It is recommended to shut down public access +to the cluster while rebalancing is in progress. In theory, no data should be +lost as rebalancing is a routine operation for Garage, although we cannot +guarantee you that everything will go right in such an extreme scenario. + #### `metadata_dir` {#metadata_dir} The directory in which Garage will store its metadata. This contains the node identifier, @@ -287,89 +370,6 @@ The value of this parameter is the maximum size the metadata database can take. This value is not bound by the physical RAM size of the machine running Garage. If not specified, it defaults to 1GiB on 32-bit machines and 1TiB on 64-bit machines. -#### `replication_mode` {#replication_mode} - -Garage supports the following replication modes: - -- `none` or `1`: data stored on Garage is stored on a single node. There is no - redundancy, and data will be unavailable as soon as one node fails or its - network is disconnected. Do not use this for anything else than test - deployments. - -- `2`: data stored on Garage will be stored on two different nodes, if possible - in different zones. Garage tolerates one node failure, or several nodes - failing but all in a single zone (in a deployment with at least two zones), - before losing data. Data remains available in read-only mode when one node is - down, but write operations will fail. - - - `2-dangerous`: a variant of mode `2`, where written objects are written to - the second replica asynchronously. This means that Garage will return `200 - OK` to a PutObject request before the second copy is fully written (or even - before it even starts being written). This means that data can more easily - be lost if the node crashes before a second copy can be completed. This - also means that written objects might not be visible immediately in read - operations. In other words, this mode severely breaks the consistency and - durability guarantees of standard Garage cluster operation. Benefits of - this mode: you can still write to your cluster when one node is - unavailable. - -- `3`: data stored on Garage will be stored on three different nodes, if - possible each in a different zones. Garage tolerates two node failure, or - several node failures but in no more than two zones (in a deployment with at - least three zones), before losing data. As long as only a single node fails, - or node failures are only in a single zone, reading and writing data to - Garage can continue normally. - - - `3-degraded`: a variant of replication mode `3`, that lowers the read - quorum to `1`, to allow you to read data from your cluster when several - nodes (or nodes in several zones) are unavailable. In this mode, Garage - does not provide read-after-write consistency anymore. The write quorum is - still 2, ensuring that data successfully written to Garage is stored on at - least two nodes. - - - `3-dangerous`: a variant of replication mode `3` that lowers both the read - and write quorums to `1`, to allow you to both read and write to your - cluster when several nodes (or nodes in several zones) are unavailable. It - is the least consistent mode of operation proposed by Garage, and also one - that should probably never be used. - -Note that in modes `2` and `3`, -if at least the same number of zones are available, an arbitrary number of failures in -any given zone is tolerated as copies of data will be spread over several zones. - -**Make sure `replication_mode` is the same in the configuration files of all nodes. -Never run a Garage cluster where that is not the case.** - -The quorums associated with each replication mode are described below: - -| `replication_mode` | Number of replicas | Write quorum | Read quorum | Read-after-write consistency? | -| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------ | ----------- | ----------------------------- | -| `none` or `1` | 1 | 1 | 1 | yes | -| `2` | 2 | 2 | 1 | yes | -| `2-dangerous` | 2 | 1 | 1 | NO | -| `3` | 3 | 2 | 2 | yes | -| `3-degraded` | 3 | 2 | 1 | NO | -| `3-dangerous` | 3 | 1 | 1 | NO | - -Changing the `replication_mode` between modes with the same number of replicas -(e.g. from `3` to `3-degraded`, or from `2-dangerous` to `2`), can be done easily by -just changing the `replication_mode` parameter in your config files and restarting all your -Garage nodes. - -It is also technically possible to change the replication mode to a mode with a -different numbers of replicas, although it's a dangerous operation that is not -officially supported. This requires you to delete the existing cluster layout -and create a new layout from scratch, meaning that a full rebalancing of your -cluster's data will be needed. To do it, shut down your cluster entirely, -delete the `custer_layout` files in the meta directories of all your nodes, -update all your configuration files with the new `replication_mode` parameter, -restart your cluster, and then create a new layout with all the nodes you want -to keep. Rebalancing data will take some time, and data might temporarily -appear unavailable to your users. It is recommended to shut down public access -to the cluster while rebalancing is in progress. In theory, no data should be -lost as rebalancing is a routine operation for Garage, although we cannot -guarantee you that everything will go right in such an extreme scenario. - #### `compression_level` {#compression_level} Zstd compression level to use for storing blocks.