Ajout présentation récente
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Baptiste Jonglez
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\usepackage{booktabs}
|
||||
\usepackage[scale=2]{ccicons}
|
||||
|
||||
\usepackage{pgfplots}
|
||||
\usepgfplotslibrary{dateplot}
|
||||
|
||||
\usepackage{xspace}
|
||||
\newcommand{\themename}{\textbf{\textsc{metropolis}}\xspace}
|
||||
|
||||
\title{Héberger des services conviviaux hors des datacenters}
|
||||
\subtitle{Association Deuxfleurs\hfill\includegraphics[height=2.5cm]{figures/deuxfleurs-logo.png}\\\url{https://deuxfleurs.fr}\\Licence CC-BY}
|
||||
% \date{\today}
|
||||
\date{22 octobre 2024}
|
||||
\author{Baptiste Jonglez}
|
||||
\institute{}
|
||||
%\titlegraphic{\hfill\includegraphics[height=1.5cm]{figures/deuxfleurs-logo.png}}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{document}
|
||||
|
||||
\maketitle
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{frame}{Plan}
|
||||
\setbeamertemplate{section in toc}[sections numbered]
|
||||
\tableofcontents%[hideallsubsections]
|
||||
\end{frame}
|
||||
|
||||
%---------------------------------
|
||||
\section{Deuxfleurs en deux minutes}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{frame}{L'association Deuxfleurs}
|
||||
\begin{block}{Objectifs}
|
||||
\textbf{Fabriquer un Internet \alert{convivial}.\\Critiquer
|
||||
l'organisation dominante du numérique.}
|
||||
\end{block}
|
||||
|
||||
\vspace{0.5cm}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{block}{Comment ?}
|
||||
En fournissant des \textbf{services numériques conviviaux} et en
|
||||
construisant une \textbf{infrastructure résiliente hors des
|
||||
datacenters}
|
||||
\end{block}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{figure}
|
||||
\includegraphics[height=2cm]{figures/deuxfleurs-logo.png}
|
||||
\includegraphics[height=2cm]{figures/logo_chatons.png}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
\end{frame}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{frame}{Services offerts}
|
||||
%\begin{figure}
|
||||
%\end{figure}
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item Messagerie instantanée (Matrix)
|
||||
\item Visioconférence (Jitsi)
|
||||
\item Bureautique en ligne (Cryptpad)
|
||||
\item Email (Postfix/Dovecot)
|
||||
\item Hébergement web (Garage/Tricot)
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
|
||||
\vspace{0.5cm}
|
||||
|
||||
Uniquement basé sur du \textbf{logiciel libre}, certains
|
||||
\textbf{développés en interne}.
|
||||
\end{frame}
|
||||
|
||||
%\begin{frame}{Les CHATONS}
|
||||
%\begin{figure}
|
||||
%\includegraphics[height=4cm]{figures/logo_chatons.png}
|
||||
%\end{figure}
|
||||
%\end{frame}
|
||||
|
||||
%---------------------------------
|
||||
\section{Des services numériques fiables sans datacenters ?}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{frame}{Une petite histoire de chaises...}
|
||||
|
||||
{\large Je veux fabriquer des chaises.\\Quelle quantité, pour quel public ?\\Atelier, usine ?}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{figure}
|
||||
\includegraphics[height=3.5cm]{figures/chaise_alu.jpg}
|
||||
\hspace{1cm}
|
||||
\includegraphics[height=4cm]{figures/chaise_fancy.jpg}
|
||||
\caption{CC-BY Jean-Pierre Dalbéra (Chaise de Jan Kastner au Musée d'Orsay)}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
\end{frame}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{frame}{Le datacenter : l'usine à chaises industrielles}
|
||||
\begin{block}{Infrastructures typiques d'un datacenter}
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item alimentation électrique haut tension redondante
|
||||
\item onduleurs, batteries et générateur diesel
|
||||
\item refroidissement redondé
|
||||
\item liens réseaux dédiés et redondants
|
||||
\item protections incendie, contrôle d'accès (badges, portes)
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
\end{block}
|
||||
|
||||
\textbf{Très coûteux} en ressources et en place, mais \textbf{très fiable}
|
||||
et offre une \textbf{grande capacité d'hébergement}. Repose sur la
|
||||
\textbf{standardisation} du matériel et logiciel.
|
||||
|
||||
\vspace{0.2cm}
|
||||
|
||||
{\large \textbf{Peut-on être aussi fiable hors d'un datacenter ?}}
|
||||
\end{frame}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{frame}{L'auto-hébergement : l'atelier personnel de chaises}
|
||||
Auto-hébergement = hébergement de services numériques à la maison
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item Demande \textbf{très peu de ressources} : raspberry pi ou vieux PC, stockage, un peu d'électricité, connexion Internet déjà existante
|
||||
\item Gros inconvénient : \textbf{peu fiable sur le long terme} (coupures
|
||||
électriques, coupures réseau, pannes matérielles, déménagement...)
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
\begin{figure}
|
||||
\includegraphics[width=.6\linewidth]{figures/neptune.jpg}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
\end{frame}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{frame}{L'entre-hébergement de Deuxfleurs : un réseau d'ateliers}
|
||||
\begin{block}{Idées de l'entre-hébergement}
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item Fiabilité via \textbf{redondance géographique} sur plusieurs sites
|
||||
\item Chaque site reste \textbf{simple} et assez peu fiable, hébergé ``à la maison''
|
||||
\item \textbf{Stockage distribué et redondant} pour les données
|
||||
\item \textbf{Orchestration de services} pour relancer/déplacer automatiquement les services en cas de panne
|
||||
\item Formalisation d'un \textbf{groupe d'administrateurices} qui peut intervenir à distance
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
\end{block}
|
||||
|
||||
En résumé : \textbf{fiabilité via la redondance logicielle} (système distribué) plutôt que via la fiabilisation extrême d'un unique site
|
||||
\end{frame}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{frame}{Schéma de principe de la redondance géographique (Garage)}
|
||||
\begin{figure}
|
||||
\includegraphics[height=8cm]{figures/carte-europe.png}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
\end{frame}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{frame}{Photos des sites (1)}
|
||||
\begin{figure}
|
||||
\includegraphics[width=.9\linewidth]{figures/neptune.jpg}
|
||||
\caption{Site Deuxfleurs avec 3 serveurs (PC de bureau reconditionnés) et 2 routeurs}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
\end{frame}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{frame}{Photos des sites (2)}
|
||||
\begin{figure}
|
||||
\includegraphics[width=.8\linewidth]{figures/serv_orion.jpg}
|
||||
\caption{Site Deuxfleurs avec 3 serveurs (reconditionnés), 1 routeur, 1 plante}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
\end{frame}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{frame}{Logiciel d'orchestration (Nomad)}
|
||||
\begin{figure}
|
||||
\includegraphics[width=\linewidth]{figures/deuxfleurs-nomad-20241022.png}
|
||||
\end{figure}
|
||||
\end{frame}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{frame}{Limites et passage à l'échelle}
|
||||
\begin{block}{Les limites de l'infrastructure}
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item Infrastructure de production Deuxfleurs : 11 machines sur 5 sites,
|
||||
22 coeurs CPU à 2.7 GHz, 96 Go de RAM, 13 To stockage brut (avant
|
||||
redondance)
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item 10x plus gros qu'un smartphone milieu/haut de gamme
|
||||
\item comparable à un GPU Nvidia très haut de gamme (94 GB mémoire)
|
||||
\item 10x plus petit qu'un ``gros'' serveur (128 coeurs, 1 TB mémoire)
|
||||
\item 100.000x plus petit que OVH (450k serveurs en 2024)
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
\item Pas de ``scaling'' dynamique comme dans le cloud : on travaille sur
|
||||
des machines physiques, pas des machines virtuelles $\rightarrow$
|
||||
\textbf{c'est l'anti-cloud : visibilisation forte des limites physiques}
|
||||
\item On peut quand même rajouter des disques et des machines physiques
|
||||
pour augmenter la capacité sur le long terme
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
\end{block}
|
||||
\end{frame}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{frame}{Limites volontaires et stratégie de sobriété}
|
||||
\textbf{Deuxfleurs ne peut pas héberger la terre entière} (c'est assumé)
|
||||
|
||||
Stratégie : \textbf{limiter volontairement la taille de l'infrastructure},
|
||||
puis \textbf{choisir des usages et services sobres qui tiennent sur cette
|
||||
infrastructure}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{block}{Exemples}
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item pas de Wordpress, mais uniquement des sites web statique
|
||||
\item 500 sites web aujourd'hui, on estime pouvoir tenir jusqu'à 50.000
|
||||
\item limite de stockage sur les sites web (50 Mo, augmentable à 200 Mo
|
||||
par l'utilisateur, et plus sur demande)
|
||||
\item pas de service de stockage de fichiers comme Nextcloud
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
\end{block}
|
||||
\end{frame}
|
||||
|
||||
%---------------------------------
|
||||
\section{Quel numérique et pour quoi faire ?}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{frame}{Usages numériques}
|
||||
\begin{block}{Quels sont les usages numériques principaux ?}
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item \textbf{lire} : Wikipedia, Instagram, Netflix
|
||||
\item \textbf{écrire} : blog, mail, réseaux sociaux
|
||||
\item \textbf{communiquer} : visioconférence, messagerie instantanée
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
\end{block}
|
||||
\textbf{Attention aux jugements de valeurs sur les usages !} (``les
|
||||
réseaux sociaux c'est dangereux'', ``les jeux vidéos rendent bêtes''...)
|
||||
|
||||
Questions plus intéressante : \textbf{quel modèle de services pour répondre à ces usages ?}
|
||||
\end{frame}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{frame}{Les outils conviviaux}
|
||||
Concept proposé par Ivan Illich
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{block}{Outil convivial}
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item \textbf{accessible}, y compris pour le bricoler / réparer
|
||||
\item ``l’humain contrôle l’outil'' et non l'inverse : favorise \textbf{l'autonomie}
|
||||
\item pas de ``monopole radical'' (= outil obligatoire pour s'insérer dans la société)
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
\end{block}
|
||||
Exemple d'outils conviviaux : tournevis, vélo
|
||||
|
||||
Exemple d'outils non conviviaux : voiture, smartphone
|
||||
|
||||
\textbf{L'informatique est plutôt non conviviale aujourd'hui} : difficile de se passer de son smartphone, aucune prise directe sur les évolutions des services numériques
|
||||
\end{frame}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{frame}{Différents modèles économiques de services}
|
||||
Modèle principal des services numériques aujourd'hui : \textbf{basé sur
|
||||
l'économie de l'attention}.
|
||||
|
||||
Conséquences : captation abusive de données personnelles, dépendence forte
|
||||
à la publicité ciblée, \textit{dark patterns} pour créer des addictions,
|
||||
stratégie d'enfermement dans des plateformes. Capitalisme de surveillance
|
||||
et croissance infinie.
|
||||
|
||||
\vspace{0.5cm}
|
||||
|
||||
Autres modèles :
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item abonnement : presse
|
||||
\item service public : data.gouv.fr
|
||||
\item commun numérique : wikipedia
|
||||
\item entraide et dons : CHATONS, famille
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
\end{frame}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{frame}{Modèle de Deuxfleurs}
|
||||
\textbf{Infrastructure} en propre, logiciels libres, complètement hébergés en
|
||||
interne, pas de publicité.
|
||||
|
||||
\textbf{Association} : possibilité de s'impliquer dans la définition des services.
|
||||
|
||||
\textbf{Services de communication} ``de base'' en premier lieu : choix de
|
||||
proposer de la messagerie instantanée, email, sites web. Accompagnement
|
||||
pour adapter les usages (Wordpress vers sites web statiques)
|
||||
|
||||
\textbf{Modèle économique} actuellement basé sur les dons et sur le
|
||||
bénévolat. Au début, 3 salariés sur un financement européen pour
|
||||
développer les briques de base de l'infrastructure.
|
||||
\end{frame}
|
||||
|
||||
%---------------------------------
|
||||
\section{Conclusion}
|
||||
|
||||
\begin{frame}{Conclusion}
|
||||
|
||||
\textbf{Deuxfleurs construit une \alert{infrastructure résiliente} à base de systèmes distribués, conçoit des services numériques \alert{dans les limites de l'infrastructure}, priorise \alert{les besoins utilisateurs et leur autonomie}.}
|
||||
|
||||
Pour aller plus loin :
|
||||
\begin{itemize}
|
||||
\item \url{https://deuxfleurs.fr/}
|
||||
\item \url{https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/}
|
||||
\item \url{https://plume.deuxfleurs.fr/}
|
||||
\item \url{https://guide.deuxfleurs.fr/}
|
||||
\item \url{https://jamstack.org/}
|
||||
\item \url{https://mouton-numerique.org/}
|
||||
\item \url{https://louisderrac.com/}
|
||||
\item \url{https://tom.gargouille.re/}
|
||||
\end{itemize}
|
||||
\end{frame}
|
||||
|
||||
\end{document}
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in a new issue