Doc skeleton + intro

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Quentin 2021-03-17 14:44:14 +01:00
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book

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[book]
authors = ["Quentin Dufour"]
language = "en"
multilingual = false
src = "src"
title = "Garage Documentation"

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# Summary
[The Garage Data Store](./intro.md)
- [Getting Started](./getting_started.md)
- [Installation](./getting_started/install.md)
- [Configure a cluster](./getting_started/cluster.md)
- [Create buckets and keys](./getting_started/bucket.md)
- [Handle files](./getting_started/files.md)
# Cookbooks
- [Host a website](./website.md)
# Reference Manual
- [S3 API](./compatibility.md)
# Design
- [Related Work](./related_work.md)
- [Internals](./internals.md)
# Development
- [Setup your environment](./devenv.md)

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# S3 API

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# Setup your development environment
We propose the following quickstart to setup a full dev. environment as quickly as possible:
1. Setup a rust/cargo environment. eg. `dnf install rust cargo`
2. Install awscli v2 by following the guide [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/install-cliv2.html).
3. Run `cargo build` to build the project
4. Run `./script/dev-cluster.sh` to launch a test cluster (feel free to read the script)
5. Run `./script/dev-configure.sh` to configure your test cluster with default values (same datacenter, 100 tokens)
6. Run `./script/dev-bucket.sh` to create a bucket named `eprouvette` and an API key that will be stored in `/tmp/garage.s3`
7. Run `source ./script/dev-env-aws.sh` to configure your CLI environment
8. You can use `garage` to manage the cluster. Try `garage --help`.
9. You can use the `awsgrg` alias to add, remove, and delete files. Try `awsgrg help`, `awsgrg cp /proc/cpuinfo s3://eprouvette/cpuinfo.txt`, or `awsgrg ls s3://eprouvette`. `awsgrg` is a wrapper on the `aws s3` command pre-configured with the previously generated API key (the one in `/tmp/garage.s3`) and localhost as the endpoint.
Now you should be ready to start hacking on garage!

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# Gettin Started
Let's start your Garage journey!
In this chapter, we explain how to deploy a simple garage cluster and start interacting with it.
Our goal is to introduce you to Garage's workflows.

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# Create buckets and keys

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# Configure a cluster

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# Handle files

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# Installation

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![Garage's Logo](img/logo.svg)
# The Garage Geo-Distributed Data Store
Garage is a lightweight geo-distributed data store.
It comes from the observation that despite numerous object stores
many people have broken data management policies (backup/replication on a single site or none at all).
To promote better data management policies, with focused on the following desirable properties:
- **Self-contained & lightweight**: works everywhere and integrates well in existing environments to target hyperconverged infrastructures
- **Highly resilient**: highly resilient to network failures, network latency, disk failures, sysadmin failures
- **Simple**: simple to understand, simple to operate, simple to debug
- **Internet enabled**: Made for multi-sites (eg. datacenter, offices, etc.) interconnected through a regular internet connection.
We also noted that the pursuit of some other goals are detrimental to our initial goals.
The following have been identified has non-goals, if it matters to you, you should not use Garage:
- **Extreme performances**: high performances constrain a lot the design and the deployment. We always prioritize
- **Feature extensiveness**: Complete implementation of the S3 API
- **Storage optimizations**: Erasure coding (our replication model is simply to copy the data as is on several nodes, in different datacenters if possible)
- **POSIX/Filesystem compatibility**: We do not aim at being POSIX compatible or to emulate any kind of filesystem. Indeed, in a distributed environment, such syncronizations are translated in network messages that impose severe constraints on the deployment.
## Integration in environments
Garage speaks (or will speak) the following protocols:
- [S3](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/Welcome.html) - *SUPPORTED* - Enable applications to store large blobs such as pictures, video, images, documents, etc. S3 is versatile enough to also be used to publish a static website.
- [IMAP](https://github.com/go-pluto/pluto) - *PLANNED* - email storage is quite complex to get good oerformances.
To keep performances optimals, most imap servers only support on-disk storage.
We plan to add logic to Garage to make it a viable solution for email storage.
- *More to come*
## Use Cases
**[Deuxfleurs](https://deuxfleurs.fr) :** Garage is used by Deuxfleurs which is a non-profit hosting organization.
Especially, it is used to host their main website, this documentation and some of its members's blogs. Additionally,
Garage is used as a [backend for Nextcloud](https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/20/admin_manual/configuration_files/primary_storage.html). Deuxfleurs also plans to use Garage as their [Matrix's media backend](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse-s3-storage-provider) and has the backend of [OCIS](https://github.com/owncloud/ocis).
*Are you using Garage? Open a pull request to add your organization here!*
## Comparisons to existing software
**[Minio](https://min.io/) :** Minio shares our *self-contained & lightweight* goal but selected two of our non-goals: *storage optimizations* through erasure coding and *POSIX/Filesystem compatibility* through strong consistency.
However, by pursuing these two non-goals, minio do not reach our desirable properties.
First, it fails on the *simple* property: due to the erasure coding, minio has severe limitations on how drives can be added or deleted from a cluster.
Second, it fails on the *interned enabled* property: due to its strong consistency, minio is latency sensitive.
Furthermore, minio has no knowledge of "sites" and thus can not distribute data to minimize the failure of a given site.
**[Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/)**
OpenStack Swift at least fails on the *self-contained & lightweight* goal.
Starting it requires around 8Gb of RAM, which is too much especially in an hyperconverged infrastructure.
It seems also to be far from *Simple*.
**[Pithos](https://github.com/exoscale/pithos)**
Pithos has been abandonned and should probably not used yet, in the following we explain why we did not pick their design.
Pithos was relying as a S3 proxy in front of Cassandra (and was working with Scylla DB too).
From its designers' mouth, storing data in Cassandra has shown its limitations justifying the project abandonment.
They built a closed-source version 2 that does not store blobs in the database (only metadata) but did not communicate further on it.
We considered there v2's design but concluded that it does not fit both our *Self-contained & lightweight* and *Simple* properties. It makes the development, the deployment and the operations more complicated while reducing the flexibility.
**[IPFS](https://ipfs.io/)**
*Not written yet*

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# Configuring a cluster
First, chances are that your garage deployment is secured by TLS.
All your commands must be prefixed with their certificates.
I will define an alias once and for all to ease future commands.
Please adapt the path of the binary and certificates to your installation!
```
alias grg="/garage/garage --ca-cert /secrets/garage-ca.crt --client-cert /secrets/garage.crt --client-key /secrets/garage.key"
```
Now we can check that everything is going well by checking our cluster status:
```
grg status
```
Don't forget that `help` command and `--help` subcommands can help you anywhere, the CLI tool is self-documented! Two examples:
```
grg help
grg bucket allow --help
```
Fine, now let's create a bucket (we imagine that you want to deploy nextcloud):
```
grg bucket create nextcloud-bucket
```
Check that everything went well:
```
grg bucket list
grg bucket info nextcloud-bucket
```
Now we will generate an API key to access this bucket.
Note that API keys are independent of buckets: one key can access multiple buckets, multiple keys can access one bucket.
Now, let's start by creating a key only for our PHP application:
```
grg key new --name nextcloud-app-key
```
You will have the following output (this one is fake, `key_id` and `secret_key` were generated with the openssl CLI tool):
```
Key { key_id: "GK3515373e4c851ebaad366558", secret_key: "7d37d093435a41f2aab8f13c19ba067d9776c90215f56614adad6ece597dbb34", name: "nextcloud-app-key", name_timestamp: 1603280506694, deleted: false, authorized_buckets: [] }
```
Check that everything works as intended (be careful, info works only with your key identifier and not with its friendly name!):
```
grg key list
grg key info GK3515373e4c851ebaad366558
```
Now that we have a bucket and a key, we need to give permissions to the key on the bucket!
```
grg bucket allow --read --write nextcloud-bucket --key GK3515373e4c851ebaad366558
```
You can check at any times allowed keys on your bucket with:
```
grg bucket info nextcloud-bucket
```

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# Host a website