Many improvements on ring/replication and its configuration:

- Explicit "replication_mode" configuration parameters that takes
  either "none", "2" or "3" as values, instead of letting user configure
  replication factor themselves. These are presets whose corresponding
  replication/quorum values can be found in replication/mode.rs

- Explicit support for single-node and two-node deployments
  (number of nodes must be at least "replication_mode", with "none"
  we can have only one node)

- Ring is now stored much more compactly with 256*8 + n*32 bytes,
  instead of 256*32 bytes

- Support for gateway-only nodes that do not store data
  (these nodes still need a metadata_directory to store the list
  of bucket and keys since those are stored on all nodes; it also
  technically needs a data_directory to start but it will stay
  empty unless we have bugs)

script/dev-cluster.sh

@@ -31,9 +31,7 @@ bootstrap_peers = [
   "127.0.0.1:3903"
 ]
 max_concurrent_rpc_requests = 12
-data_replication_factor = 3
-meta_replication_factor = 3
-meta_epidemic_fanout = 3
+replication_mode = "3"
 
 [s3_api]
 api_bind_addr = "0.0.0.0:$((3910+$count))"	# the S3 API port, HTTP without TLS. Add a reverse proxy for the TLS part.

src/garage/admin_rpc.rs

@@ -430,8 +430,8 @@ impl AdminRpcHandler {
 		// Gather ring statistics
 		let ring = self.garage.system.ring.borrow().clone();
 		let mut ring_nodes = HashMap::new();
-		for r in ring.ring.iter() {
-			for n in r.nodes.iter() {
+		for (_i, loc) in ring.partitions().iter() {
+			for n in ring.get_nodes(loc, ring.replication_factor).iter() {
 				if !ring_nodes.contains_key(n) {
 					ring_nodes.insert(*n, 0usize);
 				}

src/garage/cli.rs

@@ -80,6 +80,10 @@ pub struct ConfigureNodeOpt {
 	#[structopt(short = "c", long = "capacity")]
 	capacity: Option<u32>,
 
+	/// Gateway-only node
+	#[structopt(short = "g", long = "gateway")]
+	gateway: bool,
+
 	/// Optional node tag
 	#[structopt(short = "t", long = "tag")]
 	tag: Option<String>,
@@ -339,7 +343,12 @@ pub async fn cmd_status(
 		if let Some(cfg) = config.members.get(&adv.id) {
 			println!(
 				"{:?}\t{}\t{}\t[{}]\t{}\t{}",
-				adv.id, adv.state_info.hostname, adv.addr, cfg.tag, cfg.datacenter, cfg.capacity
+				adv.id,
+				adv.state_info.hostname,
+				adv.addr,
+				cfg.tag,
+				cfg.datacenter,
+				cfg.capacity_string()
 			);
 		} else {
 			println!(
@@ -366,7 +375,7 @@ pub async fn cmd_status(
 					adv.addr,
 					cfg.tag,
 					cfg.datacenter,
-					cfg.capacity,
+					cfg.capacity_string(),
 					(now_msec() - adv.last_seen) / 1000,
 				);
 			}
@@ -375,7 +384,10 @@ pub async fn cmd_status(
 			if !status.iter().any(|x| x.id == *id) {
 				println!(
 					"{:?}\t{}\t{}\t{}\tnever seen",
-					id, cfg.tag, cfg.datacenter, cfg.capacity
+					id,
+					cfg.tag,
+					cfg.datacenter,
+					cfg.capacity_string(),
 				);
 			}
 		}
@@ -438,23 +450,44 @@ pub async fn cmd_configure(
 		}
 	}
 
+	if args.capacity.is_some() && args.gateway {
+		return Err(Error::Message(
+				"-c and -g are mutually exclusive, please configure node either with c>0 to act as a storage node or with -g to act as a gateway node".into()));
+	}
+	if args.capacity == Some(0) {
+		return Err(Error::Message("Invalid capacity value: 0".into()));
+	}
+
 	let new_entry = match config.members.get(&added_node) {
-		None => NetworkConfigEntry {
+		None => {
+			let capacity = match args.capacity {
+				Some(c) => Some(c),
+				None if args.gateway => None,
+				_ => return Err(Error::Message(
+						"Please specify a capacity with the -c flag, or set node explicitly as gateway with -g".into())),
+			};
+			NetworkConfigEntry {
 				datacenter: args
 					.datacenter
 					.expect("Please specifiy a datacenter with the -d flag"),
-			capacity: args
-				.capacity
-				.expect("Please specifiy a capacity with the -c flag"),
+				capacity,
 				tag: args.tag.unwrap_or_default(),
-		},
-		Some(old) => NetworkConfigEntry {
+			}
+		}
+		Some(old) => {
+			let capacity = match args.capacity {
+				Some(c) => Some(c),
+				None if args.gateway => None,
+				_ => old.capacity,
+			};
+			NetworkConfigEntry {
 				datacenter: args
 					.datacenter
 					.unwrap_or_else(|| old.datacenter.to_string()),
-			capacity: args.capacity.unwrap_or(old.capacity),
+				capacity,
 				tag: args.tag.unwrap_or_else(|| old.tag.to_string()),
-		},
+			}
+		}
 	};
 
 	config.members.insert(added_node, new_entry);

src/model/garage.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use garage_rpc::membership::System;
 use garage_rpc::rpc_client::RpcHttpClient;
 use garage_rpc::rpc_server::RpcServer;
 
+use garage_table::replication::ReplicationMode;
 use garage_table::replication::TableFullReplication;
 use garage_table::replication::TableShardedReplication;
 use garage_table::*;
@@ -50,6 +51,9 @@ impl Garage {
 		background: Arc<BackgroundRunner>,
 		rpc_server: &mut RpcServer,
 	) -> Arc<Self> {
+		let replication_mode = ReplicationMode::parse(&config.replication_mode)
+			.expect("Invalid replication_mode in config file.");
+
 		info!("Initialize membership management system...");
 		let rpc_http_client = Arc::new(
 			RpcHttpClient::new(config.max_concurrent_rpc_requests, &config.rpc_tls)
@@ -60,32 +64,33 @@ impl Garage {
 			rpc_http_client,
 			background.clone(),
 			rpc_server,
+			replication_mode.replication_factor(),
 		);
 
 		let data_rep_param = TableShardedReplication {
 			system: system.clone(),
-			replication_factor: config.data_replication_factor,
-			write_quorum: (config.data_replication_factor + 1) / 2,
+			replication_factor: replication_mode.replication_factor(),
+			write_quorum: replication_mode.write_quorum(),
 			read_quorum: 1,
 		};
 
 		let meta_rep_param = TableShardedReplication {
 			system: system.clone(),
-			replication_factor: config.meta_replication_factor,
-			write_quorum: (config.meta_replication_factor + 1) / 2,
-			read_quorum: (config.meta_replication_factor + 1) / 2,
+			replication_factor: replication_mode.replication_factor(),
+			write_quorum: replication_mode.write_quorum(),
+			read_quorum: replication_mode.read_quorum(),
 		};
 
 		let control_rep_param = TableFullReplication {
 			system: system.clone(),
-			max_faults: config.control_write_max_faults,
+			max_faults: replication_mode.control_write_max_faults(),
 		};
 
 		info!("Initialize block manager...");
 		let block_manager = BlockManager::new(
 			&db,
 			config.data_dir.clone(),
-			data_rep_param.clone(),
+			data_rep_param,
 			system.clone(),
 			rpc_server,
 		);
@@ -95,7 +100,7 @@ impl Garage {
 			BlockRefTable {
 				block_manager: block_manager.clone(),
 			},
-			data_rep_param,
+			meta_rep_param.clone(),
 			system.clone(),
 			&db,
 			"block_ref".to_string(),

src/rpc/membership.rs

@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ pub struct System {
 	rpc_http_client: Arc<RpcHttpClient>,
 	rpc_client: Arc<RpcClient<Message>>,
 
+	replication_factor: usize,
 	pub(crate) status: watch::Receiver<Arc<Status>>,
 	/// The ring
 	pub ring: watch::Receiver<Arc<Ring>>,
@@ -228,6 +229,7 @@ impl System {
 		rpc_http_client: Arc<RpcHttpClient>,
 		background: Arc<BackgroundRunner>,
 		rpc_server: &mut RpcServer,
+		replication_factor: usize,
 	) -> Arc<Self> {
 		let id = gen_node_id(&metadata_dir).expect("Unable to read or generate node ID");
 		info!("Node ID: {}", hex::encode(&id));
@@ -259,7 +261,7 @@ impl System {
 				.unwrap_or_else(|_| "<invalid utf-8>".to_string()),
 		};
 
-		let ring = Ring::new(net_config);
+		let ring = Ring::new(net_config, replication_factor);
 		let (update_ring, ring) = watch::channel(Arc::new(ring));
 
 		let rpc_path = MEMBERSHIP_RPC_PATH.to_string();
@@ -277,6 +279,7 @@ impl System {
 			state_info,
 			rpc_http_client,
 			rpc_client,
+			replication_factor,
 			status,
 			ring,
 			update_lock: Mutex::new(Updaters {
@@ -543,7 +546,7 @@ impl System {
 		let ring: Arc<Ring> = self.ring.borrow().clone();
 
 		if adv.version > ring.config.version {
-			let ring = Ring::new(adv.clone());
+			let ring = Ring::new(adv.clone(), self.replication_factor);
 			update_lock.update_ring.send(Arc::new(ring))?;
 			drop(update_lock);
 

src/rpc/ring.rs

@@ -7,10 +7,9 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use garage_util::data::*;
 
-// A partition number is encoded on 16 bits,
-// i.e. we have up to 2**16 partitions.
-// (in practice we have exactly 2**PARTITION_BITS partitions)
-/// A partition id, stored on 16 bits
+/// A partition id, which is stored on 16 bits
+/// i.e. we have up to 2**16 partitions.
+/// (in practice we have exactly 2**PARTITION_BITS partitions)
 pub type Partition = u16;
 
 // TODO: make this constant parametrizable in the config file
@@ -23,11 +22,6 @@ pub const PARTITION_BITS: usize = 8;
 
 const PARTITION_MASK_U16: u16 = ((1 << PARTITION_BITS) - 1) << (16 - PARTITION_BITS);
 
-// TODO: make this constant paraetrizable in the config file
-// (most deployments use a replication factor of 3, so...)
-/// The maximum number of time an object might get replicated
-pub const MAX_REPLICATION: usize = 3;
-
 /// The user-defined configuration of the cluster's nodes
 #[derive(Clone, Debug, Serialize, Deserialize)]
 pub struct NetworkConfig {
@@ -53,40 +47,72 @@ pub struct NetworkConfigEntry {
 	/// geodistribution
 	pub datacenter: String,
 	/// The (relative) capacity of the node
-	pub capacity: u32,
+	/// If this is set to None, the node does not participate in storing data for the system
+	/// and is only active as an API gateway to other nodes
+	pub capacity: Option<u32>,
 	/// A tag to recognize the entry, not used for other things than display
 	pub tag: String,
 }
 
+impl NetworkConfigEntry {
+	pub fn capacity_string(&self) -> String {
+		match self.capacity {
+			Some(c) => format!("{}", c),
+			None => "gateway".to_string(),
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 /// A ring distributing fairly objects to nodes
 #[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct Ring {
+	/// The replication factor for this ring
+	pub replication_factor: usize,
+
 	/// The network configuration used to generate this ring
 	pub config: NetworkConfig,
-	/// The list of entries in the ring
-	pub ring: Vec<RingEntry>,
+
+	// Internal order of nodes used to make a more compact representation of the ring
+	nodes: Vec<Uuid>,
+
+	// The list of entries in the ring
+	ring: Vec<RingEntry>,
 }
 
+// Type to store compactly the id of a node in the system
+// Change this to u16 the day we want to have more than 256 nodes in a cluster
+type CompactNodeType = u8;
+
+// The maximum number of times an object might get replicated
+// This must be at least 3 because Garage supports 3-way replication
+// Here we use 6 so that the size of a ring entry is 8 bytes
+// (2 bytes partition id, 6 bytes node numbers as u8s)
+const MAX_REPLICATION: usize = 6;
+
 /// An entry in the ring
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub struct RingEntry {
-	/// The prefix of the Hash of object which should use this entry
-	pub location: Hash,
-	/// The nodes in which a matching object should get stored
-	pub nodes: [Uuid; MAX_REPLICATION],
+struct RingEntry {
+	// The two first bytes of the first hash that goes in this partition
+	// (the next bytes are zeroes)
+	hash_prefix: u16,
+	// The nodes that store this partition, stored as a list of positions in the `nodes`
+	// field of the Ring structure
+	// Only items 0 up to ring.replication_factor - 1 are used, others are zeros
+	nodes_buf: [CompactNodeType; MAX_REPLICATION],
 }
 
 impl Ring {
 	// TODO this function MUST be refactored, it's 100 lines long, with a 50 lines loop, going up to 6
 	// levels of imbrication. It is basically impossible to test, maintain, or understand for an
 	// outsider.
-	pub(crate) fn new(config: NetworkConfig) -> Self {
+	pub(crate) fn new(config: NetworkConfig, replication_factor: usize) -> Self {
 		// Create a vector of partition indices (0 to 2**PARTITION_BITS-1)
 		let partitions_idx = (0usize..(1usize << PARTITION_BITS)).collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
 		let datacenters = config
 			.members
 			.iter()
+			.filter(|(_id, info)| info.capacity.is_some())
 			.map(|(_id, info)| info.datacenter.as_str())
 			.collect::<HashSet<&str>>();
 		let n_datacenters = datacenters.len();
@@ -101,6 +127,7 @@ impl Ring {
 		let mut queues = config
 			.members
 			.iter()
+			.filter(|(_id, info)| info.capacity.is_some())
 			.map(|(node_id, node_info)| {
 				let mut parts = partitions_idx
 					.iter()
@@ -119,11 +146,13 @@ impl Ring {
 		let max_capacity = config
 			.members
 			.iter()
-			.map(|(_, node_info)| node_info.capacity)
+			.filter_map(|(_, node_info)| node_info.capacity)
 			.fold(0, std::cmp::max);
 
+		assert!(replication_factor <= MAX_REPLICATION);
+
 		// Fill up ring
-		for rep in 0..MAX_REPLICATION {
+		for rep in 0..replication_factor {
 			queues.sort_by_key(|(ni, _np, _q, _p)| {
 				let queue_data = [&u16::to_be_bytes(rep as u16)[..], ni.as_slice()].concat();
 				fasthash(&queue_data[..])
@@ -138,7 +167,7 @@ impl Ring {
 				let remaining0 = remaining;
 				for i_round in 0..max_capacity {
 					for (node_id, node_info, q, pos) in queues.iter_mut() {
-						if i_round >= node_info.capacity {
+						if i_round >= node_info.capacity.unwrap() {
 							continue;
 						}
 						for (pos2, &qv) in q.iter().enumerate().skip(*pos) {
@@ -166,34 +195,58 @@ impl Ring {
 					// No progress made, exit
 					warn!("Could not build ring, not enough nodes configured.");
 					return Self {
+						replication_factor,
 						config,
+						nodes: vec![],
 						ring: vec![],
 					};
 				}
 			}
 		}
 
+		// Make a canonical order for nodes
+		let nodes = config
+			.members
+			.iter()
+			.filter(|(_id, info)| info.capacity.is_some())
+			.map(|(id, _)| *id)
+			.collect::<Vec<_>>();
+		let nodes_rev = nodes
+			.iter()
+			.enumerate()
+			.map(|(i, id)| (*id, i as CompactNodeType))
+			.collect::<HashMap<Uuid, CompactNodeType>>();
+
 		let ring = partitions
 			.iter()
 			.enumerate()
 			.map(|(i, nodes)| {
 				let top = (i as u16) << (16 - PARTITION_BITS);
-				let mut hash = [0u8; 32];
-				hash[0..2].copy_from_slice(&u16::to_be_bytes(top)[..]);
-				let nodes = nodes.iter().map(|(id, _info)| **id).collect::<Vec<Uuid>>();
+				let nodes = nodes
+					.iter()
+					.map(|(id, _info)| *nodes_rev.get(id).unwrap())
+					.collect::<Vec<CompactNodeType>>();
+				assert!(nodes.len() == replication_factor);
+				let mut nodes_buf = [0u8; MAX_REPLICATION];
+				nodes_buf[..replication_factor].copy_from_slice(&nodes[..]);
 				RingEntry {
-					location: hash.into(),
-					nodes: nodes.try_into().unwrap(),
+					hash_prefix: top,
+					nodes_buf,
 				}
 			})
 			.collect::<Vec<_>>();
 
-		Self { config, ring }
+		Self {
+			replication_factor,
+			config,
+			nodes,
+			ring,
+		}
 	}
 
 	/// Get the partition in which data would fall on
-	pub fn partition_of(&self, from: &Hash) -> Partition {
-		let top = u16::from_be_bytes(from.as_slice()[0..2].try_into().unwrap());
+	pub fn partition_of(&self, position: &Hash) -> Partition {
+		let top = u16::from_be_bytes(position.as_slice()[0..2].try_into().unwrap());
 		top >> (16 - PARTITION_BITS)
 	}
 
@@ -202,7 +255,9 @@ impl Ring {
 		let mut ret = vec![];
 
 		for (i, entry) in self.ring.iter().enumerate() {
-			ret.push((i as u16, entry.location));
+			let mut location = [0u8; 32];
+			location[..2].copy_from_slice(&u16::to_be_bytes(entry.hash_prefix)[..]);
+			ret.push((i as u16, location.into()));
 		}
 		if !ret.is_empty() {
 			assert_eq!(ret[0].1, [0u8; 32].into());
@@ -211,28 +266,38 @@ impl Ring {
 		ret
 	}
 
-	// TODO rename this function as it no longer walk the ring
 	/// Walk the ring to find the n servers in which data should be replicated
-	pub fn walk_ring(&self, from: &Hash, n: usize) -> Vec<Uuid> {
+	pub fn get_nodes(&self, position: &Hash, n: usize) -> Vec<Uuid> {
 		if self.ring.len() != 1 << PARTITION_BITS {
 			warn!("Ring not yet ready, read/writes will be lost!");
 			return vec![];
 		}
 
-		let top = u16::from_be_bytes(from.as_slice()[0..2].try_into().unwrap());
-		let partition_idx = (top >> (16 - PARTITION_BITS)) as usize;
-		// TODO why computing two time in the same way and asserting?
-		assert_eq!(partition_idx, self.partition_of(from) as usize);
-
+		let partition_idx = self.partition_of(position) as usize;
 		let partition = &self.ring[partition_idx];
 
-		let partition_top =
-			u16::from_be_bytes(partition.location.as_slice()[0..2].try_into().unwrap());
-		// TODO is this an assertion on the validity of PARTITION_MASK_U16? If so, it should
-		// probably be a test more than a runtime assertion
-		assert_eq!(partition_top & PARTITION_MASK_U16, top & PARTITION_MASK_U16);
+		let top = u16::from_be_bytes(position.as_slice()[0..2].try_into().unwrap());
+		// Check that we haven't messed up our partition table, i.e. that this partition
+		// table entrey indeed corresponds to the item we are storing
+		assert_eq!(
+			partition.hash_prefix & PARTITION_MASK_U16,
+			top & PARTITION_MASK_U16
+		);
 
-		assert!(n <= partition.nodes.len());
-		partition.nodes[..n].to_vec()
+		assert!(n <= self.replication_factor);
+		partition.nodes_buf[..n]
+			.iter()
+			.map(|i| self.nodes[*i as usize])
+			.collect::<Vec<_>>()
+	}
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+	use super::*;
+
+	#[test]
+	fn test_ring_entry_size() {
+		assert_eq!(std::mem::size_of::<RingEntry>(), 8);
 	}
 }

src/table/replication/mod.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 mod parameters;
 
 mod fullcopy;
+mod mode;
 mod sharded;
 
 pub use fullcopy::TableFullReplication;
+pub use mode::ReplicationMode;
 pub use parameters::*;
 pub use sharded::TableShardedReplication;

src/table/replication/mode.rs

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+pub enum ReplicationMode {
+	None,
+	TwoWay,
+	ThreeWay,
+}
+
+impl ReplicationMode {
+	pub fn parse(v: &str) -> Option<Self> {
+		match v {
+			"none" | "1" => Some(Self::None),
+			"2" => Some(Self::TwoWay),
+			"3" => Some(Self::ThreeWay),
+			_ => None,
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn control_write_max_faults(&self) -> usize {
+		match self {
+			Self::None => 0,
+			_ => 1,
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn replication_factor(&self) -> usize {
+		match self {
+			Self::None => 1,
+			Self::TwoWay => 2,
+			Self::ThreeWay => 3,
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn read_quorum(&self) -> usize {
+		match self {
+			Self::None => 1,
+			Self::TwoWay => 1,
+			Self::ThreeWay => 2,
+		}
+	}
+
+	pub fn write_quorum(&self) -> usize {
+		match self {
+			Self::None => 1,
+			Self::TwoWay => 2,
+			Self::ThreeWay => 2,
+		}
+	}
+}

src/table/replication/sharded.rs

@@ -26,8 +26,8 @@ pub struct TableShardedReplication {
 
 impl TableReplication for TableShardedReplication {
 	fn read_nodes(&self, hash: &Hash) -> Vec<Uuid> {
-		let ring = self.system.ring.borrow().clone();
-		ring.walk_ring(&hash, self.replication_factor)
+		let ring = self.system.ring.borrow();
+		ring.get_nodes(&hash, self.replication_factor)
 	}
 	fn read_quorum(&self) -> usize {
 		self.read_quorum
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ impl TableReplication for TableShardedReplication {
 
 	fn write_nodes(&self, hash: &Hash) -> Vec<Uuid> {
 		let ring = self.system.ring.borrow();
-		ring.walk_ring(&hash, self.replication_factor)
+		ring.get_nodes(&hash, self.replication_factor)
 	}
 	fn write_quorum(&self) -> usize {
 		self.write_quorum

src/util/config.rs

@@ -15,6 +15,17 @@ pub struct Config {
 	/// Path where to store data. Can be slower, but need higher volume
 	pub data_dir: PathBuf,
 
+	/// Size of data blocks to save to disk
+	#[serde(default = "default_block_size")]
+	pub block_size: usize,
+
+	/// Replication mode. Supported values:
+	/// - none, 1 -> no replication
+	/// - 2 -> 2-way replication
+	/// - 3 -> 3-way replication
+	// (we can add more aliases for this later)
+	pub replication_mode: String,
+
 	/// Address to bind for RPC
 	pub rpc_bind_addr: SocketAddr,
 
@@ -26,6 +37,13 @@ pub struct Config {
 	/// Consul service name to use
 	pub consul_service_name: Option<String>,
 
+	/// Configuration for RPC TLS
+	pub rpc_tls: Option<TlsConfig>,
+
+	/// Max number of concurrent RPC request
+	#[serde(default = "default_max_concurrent_rpc_requests")]
+	pub max_concurrent_rpc_requests: usize,
+
 	/// Sled cache size, in bytes
 	#[serde(default = "default_sled_cache_capacity")]
 	pub sled_cache_capacity: u64,
@@ -34,28 +52,6 @@ pub struct Config {
 	#[serde(default = "default_sled_flush_every_ms")]
 	pub sled_flush_every_ms: u64,
 
-	/// Max number of concurrent RPC request
-	#[serde(default = "default_max_concurrent_rpc_requests")]
-	pub max_concurrent_rpc_requests: usize,
-
-	/// Size of data blocks to save to disk
-	#[serde(default = "default_block_size")]
-	pub block_size: usize,
-
-	#[serde(default = "default_control_write_max_faults")]
-	pub control_write_max_faults: usize,
-
-	/// How many nodes should hold a copy of meta data
-	#[serde(default = "default_replication_factor")]
-	pub meta_replication_factor: usize,
-
-	/// How many nodes should hold a copy of data
-	#[serde(default = "default_replication_factor")]
-	pub data_replication_factor: usize,
-
-	/// Configuration for RPC TLS
-	pub rpc_tls: Option<TlsConfig>,
-
 	/// Configuration for S3 api
 	pub s3_api: ApiConfig,
 
@@ -106,12 +102,6 @@ fn default_max_concurrent_rpc_requests() -> usize {
 fn default_block_size() -> usize {
 	1048576
 }
-fn default_replication_factor() -> usize {
-	3
-}
-fn default_control_write_max_faults() -> usize {
-	1
-}
 
 /// Read and parse configuration
 pub fn read_config(config_file: PathBuf) -> Result<Config, Error> {