Compare commits

..

64 commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
0e05b9bc77
cargo fmt 2021-04-17 20:30:43 +02:00
163ee977a0
Small improvements to compression code 2021-04-14 23:37:41 +02:00
307858bf0a Merge pull request 'Compress with zstd' (#44) from trinity-1686a/garage:zstd-block into main
Reviewed-on: Deuxfleurs/garage#44
2021-04-14 23:27:33 +02:00
76efb4999d
re-disable drone caches 2021-04-08 20:13:28 +02:00
6e28ea6bdc
Use pre-prepared Docker image in CI to speed things up 2021-04-08 20:06:48 +02:00
7ba80b6108
Update drone CI signature 2021-04-08 19:55:20 +02:00
e2e8ea4df5 Merge pull request 'Make CI faster' (#57) from trinity-1686a/garage:improve-ci into main
Reviewed-on: Deuxfleurs/garage#57
2021-04-08 19:55:07 +02:00
992284d545 use volume for cargo home
so it gets preserved between steps, and registry download is done only once
2021-04-08 17:08:26 +02:00
d4fd074000 use zstd checksumming 2021-04-08 15:44:08 +02:00
aeadb071c6 delete plain block when getting a compressed one 2021-04-08 15:42:14 +02:00
4d5263ccf3 change extention for compressed files
set_extension don't behave verywell with extensions containing multiple dots
2021-04-08 15:42:14 +02:00
e4b66a9e28 add testing on compressible data in smoke test 2021-04-08 15:42:14 +02:00
9215d63e3a add checksum to end of file instead of decompressing 2021-04-08 15:42:12 +02:00
01c623e391 use BlockData instead of Vec+bool 2021-04-08 15:41:27 +02:00
de8e47435f compress blocs with zstd 2021-04-08 15:38:31 +02:00
7560a41ab1
fix drone CI signature 2021-04-08 15:30:07 +02:00
898fd1dc81
Skip Drone CI caching 2021-04-08 15:29:22 +02:00
af6774a511
change a few comments 2021-04-08 15:13:02 +02:00
c35c472dc9 Merge pull request 'add doc comments' (#53) from trinity-1686a/garage:doc-comments into main
Reviewed-on: Deuxfleurs/garage#53
2021-04-08 15:01:13 +02:00
718ae00548 change some more comments and revert changes on TableSchema 2021-04-07 13:39:34 +02:00
c3bd672d58
Reorganize code in s3_put.rs 2021-04-07 10:00:47 +02:00
93a9f96130
remove useless comment 2021-04-06 23:38:30 +02:00
7380f3855c Merge pull request 'Use content defined chunking' (#43) from trinity-1686a/garage:content-defined-chunking into main
Reviewed-on: Deuxfleurs/garage#43
2021-04-06 22:18:41 +02:00
6cbc8d6ec9 mark branch as unreachable 2021-04-06 16:53:39 +02:00
c8906f200b make most requested changes 2021-04-06 05:28:47 +02:00
653d3d588f document garage crate 2021-04-06 05:26:48 +02:00
a74eccfd6e document api crate 2021-04-06 05:26:48 +02:00
ee9b685994 document web crate 2021-04-06 05:26:48 +02:00
92d54770bb attempt at documenting model crate 2021-04-06 05:26:48 +02:00
30bec0758b attempt at documenting table crate 2021-04-06 05:26:48 +02:00
b476b702c8 run cargo fmt on util and make missing doc warning 2021-04-06 05:26:47 +02:00
7d3a951836 document rpc crate 2021-04-06 05:26:36 +02:00
f4bf987627 document util crate 2021-04-06 05:25:35 +02:00
b3b0b20d72 run fmt 2021-04-06 02:54:05 +02:00
47d0aee9f8 change crate used for cdc
previous one seemed to output incorrect results
2021-04-06 02:50:07 +02:00
6e0cb2dfb6 add content defined chuking 2021-04-06 02:50:07 +02:00
c4c4b7dedc
Update documentation 2021-04-06 00:01:49 +02:00
8225fa2e4b Merge pull request 'Improved bootstraping procedure' (#56) from better_bootstrap into main
Reviewed-on: Deuxfleurs/garage#56
2021-04-05 23:50:33 +02:00
ab67bd88de
Try to fix Drone 2021-04-05 23:41:50 +02:00
0f192a96b5
small simplify 2021-04-05 23:21:25 +02:00
7b85056942
Merge discovery loop with consul 2021-04-05 23:04:08 +02:00
7fd1f9a869
cargo fmt 2021-04-05 20:42:57 +02:00
c5d8dc7d6d
Print stats 2021-04-05 20:42:46 +02:00
fa11cb746a
Cargo fmt 2021-04-05 20:35:26 +02:00
f11bd80d2a
Keep old data 2021-04-05 20:33:24 +02:00
595dc0ed0d
Persist directly and not in background 2021-04-05 20:26:01 +02:00
78eeaab5ed
Install rustfmt 2021-04-05 20:00:48 +02:00
22fbb3b892
Fix Drone CI signature 2021-04-05 19:58:42 +02:00
0eb5baea1a
Improve bootstraping: do it regularly; persist peer list 2021-04-05 19:55:53 +02:00
7d772737a5 Add signature to Drone CI 2021-04-05 12:10:28 +02:00
4c2d8f5a96 test2 2021-04-05 12:09:20 +02:00
0325086dac test 2021-04-05 12:08:05 +02:00
700925263f
Drone CI badge on branch main 2021-04-05 11:45:20 +02:00
6c83f66700 fix command for adding node 2021-04-02 23:23:14 +02:00
55e4a93bad Section on recovering from failures 2021-04-02 19:30:29 +02:00
LUXEY Adrien
9cb9945131 [doc] Added mention that GarageHQ is hosted with Garage 2021-03-22 16:19:58 +01:00
7f9c1d5595 publish website only in correct repo 2021-03-22 12:49:21 +01:00
991cf1b818 fix typos 2021-03-19 17:55:10 +01:00
e26cb2640d Merge remote-tracking branch 'origin/feature/mdbook' 2021-03-19 17:49:57 +01:00
22041e924b Merge pull request 'intro.md: fix some typos, errors & dead links, plus some stylistic stuff' (#51) from adrien/garage:feature/mdbook into feature/mdbook
Reviewed-on: Deuxfleurs/garage#51
2021-03-19 17:14:41 +01:00
LUXEY Adrien
b119e9d3c4 intro.md: fix some typos, errors & dead links, plus some stylistic stuff
modifié :         doc/book/src/intro.md
2021-03-19 16:51:05 +01:00
3e6534d7a8 Fix garage_util description 2021-03-18 11:46:29 +01:00
2dae4a25d6 Fix some typos 2021-03-18 11:35:50 +01:00
fcd566e89d Fix a table in the doc 2021-03-18 11:26:02 +01:00
303 changed files with 7301 additions and 42362 deletions

View file

@ -6,473 +6,129 @@ workspace:
base: /drone/garage base: /drone/garage
volumes: volumes:
- name: nix_store - name: cargo_home
host:
path: /var/lib/drone/nix
- name: nix_config
temp: {} temp: {}
environment:
HOME: /drone/garage
steps: steps:
- name: setup nix - name: restore-cache
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05 image: meltwater/drone-cache:dev
volumes: volumes:
- name: nix_store - name: cargo_home
path: /nix path: /drone/cargo
- name: nix_config environment:
path: /etc/nix AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
commands: from_secret: cache_aws_access_key_id
- cp nix/nix.conf /etc/nix/nix.conf AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
- nix-build --no-build-output --no-out-link shell.nix --arg release false -A inputDerivation from_secret: cache_aws_secret_access_key
pull: true
- name: code quality settings:
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05 restore: true
volumes: archive_format: "gzip"
- name: nix_store bucket: drone-cache
path: /nix cache_key: '{{ .Repo.Name }}_{{ checksum "Cargo.lock" }}_{{ arch }}_{{ os }}_gzip'
- name: nix_config region: garage
path: /etc/nix mount:
commands: - '/drone/cargo'
- nix-shell --arg release false --run "cargo fmt -- --check" - 'target'
- nix-shell --arg release false --run "cargo clippy -- --deny warnings" path_style: true
endpoint: https://garage.deuxfleurs.fr
when:
branch:
- nonexistent_skip_this_step
- name: build - name: build
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05 image: lxpz/garage_builder_amd64:1
volumes: volumes:
- name: nix_store - name: cargo_home
path: /nix path: /drone/cargo
- name: nix_config
path: /etc/nix
commands:
- nix-build --no-build-output --option log-lines 100 --argstr target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl --arg release false --argstr git_version $DRONE_COMMIT
- name: unit + func tests
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
environment: environment:
GARAGE_TEST_INTEGRATION_EXE: result/bin/garage CARGO_HOME: /drone/cargo
volumes:
- name: nix_store
path: /nix
- name: nix_config
path: /etc/nix
commands: commands:
- | - pwd
nix-build \ - cargo fmt -- --check
--no-build-output \ - cargo build
--option log-lines 100 \
--argstr target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl \ - name: cargo-test
--argstr compileMode test image: lxpz/garage_builder_amd64:1
- ./result/bin/garage_api-* volumes:
- ./result/bin/garage_model-* - name: cargo_home
- ./result/bin/garage_rpc-* path: /drone/cargo
- ./result/bin/garage_table-* environment:
- ./result/bin/garage_util-* CARGO_HOME: /drone/cargo
- ./result/bin/garage_web-* commands:
- ./result/bin/garage-* - cargo test
- ./result/bin/integration-*
- name: rebuild-cache
image: meltwater/drone-cache:dev
volumes:
- name: cargo_home
path: /drone/cargo
environment:
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
from_secret: cache_aws_access_key_id
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
from_secret: cache_aws_secret_access_key
pull: true
settings:
rebuild: true
archive_format: "gzip"
bucket: drone-cache
cache_key: '{{ .Repo.Name }}_{{ checksum "Cargo.lock" }}_{{ arch }}_{{ os }}_gzip'
region: garage
mount:
- '/drone/cargo'
- 'target'
path_style: true
endpoint: https://garage.deuxfleurs.fr
when:
branch:
- nonexistent_skip_this_step
- name: smoke-test - name: smoke-test
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05 image: lxpz/garage_builder_amd64:1
volumes: volumes:
- name: nix_store - name: cargo_home
path: /nix path: /drone/cargo
- name: nix_config environment:
path: /etc/nix CARGO_HOME: /drone/cargo
commands: commands:
- nix-build --no-build-output --argstr target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl --arg release false --argstr git_version $DRONE_COMMIT - ./script/test-smoke.sh || (cat /tmp/garage.log; false)
- nix-shell --arg release false --run ./script/test-smoke.sh || (cat /tmp/garage.log; false)
trigger:
event:
- custom
- push
- pull_request
- tag
- cron
node:
nix: 1
--- ---
kind: pipeline kind: pipeline
type: docker name: website
name: release-linux-x86_64
volumes:
- name: nix_store
host:
path: /var/lib/drone/nix
- name: nix_config
temp: {}
environment:
TARGET: x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
steps: steps:
- name: setup nix
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
volumes:
- name: nix_store
path: /nix
- name: nix_config
path: /etc/nix
commands:
- cp nix/nix.conf /etc/nix/nix.conf
- nix-build --no-build-output --no-out-link shell.nix -A inputDerivation
- name: build - name: build
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05 image: hrektts/mdbook
volumes:
- name: nix_store
path: /nix
- name: nix_config
path: /etc/nix
commands: commands:
- nix-build --no-build-output --argstr target $TARGET --arg release true --argstr git_version $DRONE_COMMIT - cd doc/book
- mdbook build
- name: integration - name: upload
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05 image: plugins/s3
volumes: settings:
- name: nix_store bucket: garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr
path: /nix access_key:
- name: nix_config
path: /etc/nix
commands:
- nix-shell --run ./script/test-smoke.sh || (cat /tmp/garage.log; false)
- name: push static binary
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
volumes:
- name: nix_store
path: /nix
- name: nix_config
path: /etc/nix
environment:
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
from_secret: garagehq_aws_access_key_id from_secret: garagehq_aws_access_key_id
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY: secret_key:
from_secret: garagehq_aws_secret_access_key from_secret: garagehq_aws_secret_access_key
commands: source: doc/book/book/**/*
- nix-shell --arg rust false --arg integration false --run "to_s3" strip_prefix: doc/book/book/
target: /
- name: docker build and publish path_style: true
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05 endpoint: https://garage.deuxfleurs.fr
volumes: region: garage
- name: nix_store when:
path: /nix event:
- name: nix_config - push
path: /etc/nix branch:
environment: - main
DOCKER_AUTH: repo:
from_secret: docker_auth - Deuxfleurs/garage
DOCKER_PLATFORM: "linux/amd64"
CONTAINER_NAME: "dxflrs/amd64_garage"
HOME: "/kaniko"
commands:
- mkdir -p /kaniko/.docker
- echo $DOCKER_AUTH > /kaniko/.docker/config.json
- export CONTAINER_TAG=${DRONE_TAG:-$DRONE_COMMIT}
- nix-shell --arg rust false --arg integration false --run "to_docker"
trigger:
event:
- promote
- cron
node:
nix: 1
---
kind: pipeline
type: docker
name: release-linux-i686
volumes:
- name: nix_store
host:
path: /var/lib/drone/nix
- name: nix_config
temp: {}
environment:
TARGET: i686-unknown-linux-musl
steps:
- name: setup nix
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
volumes:
- name: nix_store
path: /nix
- name: nix_config
path: /etc/nix
commands:
- cp nix/nix.conf /etc/nix/nix.conf
- nix-build --no-build-output --no-out-link shell.nix -A inputDerivation
- name: build
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
volumes:
- name: nix_store
path: /nix
- name: nix_config
path: /etc/nix
commands:
- nix-build --no-build-output --argstr target $TARGET --arg release true --argstr git_version $DRONE_COMMIT
- name: integration
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
volumes:
- name: nix_store
path: /nix
- name: nix_config
path: /etc/nix
commands:
- nix-shell --run ./script/test-smoke.sh || (cat /tmp/garage.log; false)
- name: push static binary
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
volumes:
- name: nix_store
path: /nix
- name: nix_config
path: /etc/nix
environment:
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
from_secret: garagehq_aws_access_key_id
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
from_secret: garagehq_aws_secret_access_key
commands:
- nix-shell --arg rust false --arg integration false --run "to_s3"
- name: docker build and publish
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
volumes:
- name: nix_store
path: /nix
- name: nix_config
path: /etc/nix
environment:
DOCKER_AUTH:
from_secret: docker_auth
DOCKER_PLATFORM: "linux/386"
CONTAINER_NAME: "dxflrs/386_garage"
HOME: "/kaniko"
commands:
- mkdir -p /kaniko/.docker
- echo $DOCKER_AUTH > /kaniko/.docker/config.json
- export CONTAINER_TAG=${DRONE_TAG:-$DRONE_COMMIT}
- nix-shell --arg rust false --arg integration false --run "to_docker"
trigger:
event:
- promote
- cron
node:
nix: 1
---
kind: pipeline
type: docker
name: release-linux-aarch64
volumes:
- name: nix_store
host:
path: /var/lib/drone/nix
- name: nix_config
temp: {}
environment:
TARGET: aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
steps:
- name: setup nix
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
volumes:
- name: nix_store
path: /nix
- name: nix_config
path: /etc/nix
commands:
- cp nix/nix.conf /etc/nix/nix.conf
- nix-build --no-build-output --no-out-link ./shell.nix --arg rust false --arg integration false -A inputDerivation
- name: build
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
volumes:
- name: nix_store
path: /nix
- name: nix_config
path: /etc/nix
commands:
- nix-build --no-build-output --argstr target $TARGET --arg release true --argstr git_version $DRONE_COMMIT
- name: push static binary
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
volumes:
- name: nix_store
path: /nix
- name: nix_config
path: /etc/nix
environment:
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
from_secret: garagehq_aws_access_key_id
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
from_secret: garagehq_aws_secret_access_key
commands:
- nix-shell --arg rust false --arg integration false --run "to_s3"
- name: docker build and publish
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
volumes:
- name: nix_store
path: /nix
- name: nix_config
path: /etc/nix
environment:
DOCKER_AUTH:
from_secret: docker_auth
DOCKER_PLATFORM: "linux/arm64"
CONTAINER_NAME: "dxflrs/arm64_garage"
HOME: "/kaniko"
commands:
- mkdir -p /kaniko/.docker
- echo $DOCKER_AUTH > /kaniko/.docker/config.json
- export CONTAINER_TAG=${DRONE_TAG:-$DRONE_COMMIT}
- nix-shell --arg rust false --arg integration false --run "to_docker"
trigger:
event:
- promote
- cron
node:
nix: 1
---
kind: pipeline
type: docker
name: release-linux-armv6l
volumes:
- name: nix_store
host:
path: /var/lib/drone/nix
- name: nix_config
temp: {}
environment:
TARGET: armv6l-unknown-linux-musleabihf
steps:
- name: setup nix
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
volumes:
- name: nix_store
path: /nix
- name: nix_config
path: /etc/nix
commands:
- cp nix/nix.conf /etc/nix/nix.conf
- nix-build --no-build-output --no-out-link --arg rust false --arg integration false -A inputDerivation
- name: build
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
volumes:
- name: nix_store
path: /nix
- name: nix_config
path: /etc/nix
commands:
- nix-build --no-build-output --argstr target $TARGET --arg release true --argstr git_version $DRONE_COMMIT
- name: push static binary
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
volumes:
- name: nix_store
path: /nix
- name: nix_config
path: /etc/nix
environment:
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
from_secret: garagehq_aws_access_key_id
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
from_secret: garagehq_aws_secret_access_key
commands:
- nix-shell --arg integration false --arg rust false --run "to_s3"
- name: docker build and publish
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
volumes:
- name: nix_store
path: /nix
- name: nix_config
path: /etc/nix
environment:
DOCKER_AUTH:
from_secret: docker_auth
DOCKER_PLATFORM: "linux/arm"
CONTAINER_NAME: "dxflrs/arm_garage"
HOME: "/kaniko"
commands:
- mkdir -p /kaniko/.docker
- echo $DOCKER_AUTH > /kaniko/.docker/config.json
- export CONTAINER_TAG=${DRONE_TAG:-$DRONE_COMMIT}
- nix-shell --arg rust false --arg integration false --run "to_docker"
trigger:
event:
- promote
- cron
node:
nix: 1
---
kind: pipeline
type: docker
name: refresh-release-page
volumes:
- name: nix_store
host:
path: /var/lib/drone/nix
steps:
- name: refresh-index
image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
volumes:
- name: nix_store
path: /nix
environment:
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
from_secret: garagehq_aws_access_key_id
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
from_secret: garagehq_aws_secret_access_key
commands:
- mkdir -p /etc/nix && cp nix/nix.conf /etc/nix/nix.conf
- nix-shell --arg integration false --arg rust false --run "refresh_index"
depends_on:
- release-linux-x86_64
- release-linux-i686
- release-linux-aarch64
- release-linux-armv6l
trigger:
event:
- promote
- cron
node:
nix: 1
--- ---
kind: signature kind: signature
hmac: 3fc19d6f9a3555519c8405e3281b2e74289bb802f644740d5481d53df3a01fa4 hmac: de82026387bd09e547dbc9cc5d232fd865204b4f393d32508c50b58f8e60611d
... ...

1
.gitattributes vendored
View file

@ -1 +0,0 @@
*.pdf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text

2520
Cargo.lock generated

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

4917
Cargo.nix

File diff suppressed because it is too large Load diff

View file

@ -3,12 +3,10 @@ members = [
"src/util", "src/util",
"src/rpc", "src/rpc",
"src/table", "src/table",
"src/block",
"src/model", "src/model",
"src/admin",
"src/api", "src/api",
"src/web", "src/web",
"src/garage" "src/garage",
] ]
[profile.dev] [profile.dev]

View file

@ -1,7 +1,10 @@
FROM scratch FROM archlinux:latest
RUN mkdir -p /garage/meta
RUN mkdir -p /garage/data
ENV RUST_BACKTRACE=1 ENV RUST_BACKTRACE=1
ENV RUST_LOG=garage=info ENV RUST_LOG=garage=info
COPY result/bin/garage / COPY target/release/garage.stripped /garage/garage
CMD [ "/garage", "server"]
CMD /garage/garage server -c /garage/config.toml

View file

@ -1,13 +1,20 @@
.PHONY: doc all release shell BIN=target/release/garage
DOCKER=lxpz/garage_amd64
all: all:
clear; cargo build clear; cargo build
doc: $(BIN):
cd doc/book; mdbook build RUSTFLAGS="-C link-arg=-fuse-ld=lld -C target-cpu=x86-64 -C target-feature=+sse2" cargo build --release --no-default-features
release: $(BIN).stripped: $(BIN)
nix-build --arg release true cp $^ $@
strip $@
shell: docker: $(BIN).stripped
nix-shell docker pull archlinux:latest
docker build -t $(DOCKER):$(TAG) .
docker push $(DOCKER):$(TAG)
docker tag $(DOCKER):$(TAG) $(DOCKER):latest
docker push $(DOCKER):latest

View file

@ -3,18 +3,10 @@ Garage [![Build Status](https://drone.deuxfleurs.fr/api/badges/Deuxfleurs/garage
<p align="center" style="text-align:center;"> <p align="center" style="text-align:center;">
<a href="https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr"> <a href="https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr">
<img alt="Garage logo" src="https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/img/logo.svg" height="200" /> <img alt="Garage logo" src="doc/logo/garage.png" height="200" />
</a> </a>
</p> </p>
<p align="center" style="text-align:center;">
[ <strong><a href="https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/">Website and documentation</a></strong>
| <a href="https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/_releases.html">Binary releases</a>
| <a href="https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage">Git repository</a>
| <a href="https://matrix.to/#/%23garage:deuxfleurs.fr">Matrix channel</a>
]
</p>
Garage is a lightweight S3-compatible distributed object store, with the following goals: Garage is a lightweight S3-compatible distributed object store, with the following goals:
- As self-contained as possible - As self-contained as possible
@ -30,3 +22,5 @@ Non-goals include:
- Erasure coding (our replication model is simply to copy the data as is on several nodes, in different datacenters if possible) - Erasure coding (our replication model is simply to copy the data as is on several nodes, in different datacenters if possible)
Our main use case is to provide a distributed storage layer for small-scale self hosted services such as [Deuxfleurs](https://deuxfleurs.fr). Our main use case is to provide a distributed storage layer for small-scale self hosted services such as [Deuxfleurs](https://deuxfleurs.fr).
**[Go to the documentation](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr)**

27
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@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
Testing
-------
How are we going to test that our replication method works correctly?
We will have to introduce lots of dummy data and then add/remove nodes many times.
Attaining S3 compatibility
--------------------------
- test multipart uploads
- get ranges
- fix sync not working in some cases ? (when starting from empty?)
- api_server following the S3 semantics for head/get/put/list/delete: verify more that it works as intended
- PUT requests: verify content-md5 if provided
- possibly other necessary endpoints ?
Lower priority
--------------
- less a priority: hinted handoff
- repair: re-propagate block ref table to rc
- FIXME in rpc_server when garage shuts down and futures can be interrupted
(tokio::spawn should be replaced by a new function background::spawn_joinable)

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block_size = 1048576 # objects are split in blocks of maximum this number of bytes
metadata_dir = "/tmp/garage-meta"
data_dir = "/tmp/garage-data"
rpc_bind_addr = "[::]:3901" # the port other Garage nodes will use to talk to this node
bootstrap_peers = []
max_concurrent_rpc_requests = 12
data_replication_factor = 3
meta_replication_factor = 3
meta_epidemic_fanout = 3
[s3_api]
api_bind_addr = "[::1]:3900" # the S3 API port, HTTP without TLS. Add a reverse proxy for the TLS part.
s3_region = "garage" # set this to anything. S3 API calls will fail if they are not made against the region set here.
[s3_web]
bind_addr = "[::1]:3902"
root_domain = ".garage.tld"
index = "index.html"

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@ -1,147 +0,0 @@
{
system ? builtins.currentSystem,
release ? false,
target ? "x86_64-unknown-linux-musl",
compileMode ? null,
git_version ? null,
}:
with import ./nix/common.nix;
let
crossSystem = { config = target; };
in let
log = v: builtins.trace v v;
pkgs = import pkgsSrc {
inherit system crossSystem;
overlays = [ cargo2nixOverlay ];
};
/*
Rust and Nix triples are not the same. Cargo2nix has a dedicated library
to convert Nix triples to Rust ones. We need this conversion as we want to
set later options linked to our (rust) target in a generic way. Not only
the triple terminology is different, but also the "roles" are named differently.
Nix uses a build/host/target terminology where Nix's "host" maps to Cargo's "target".
*/
rustTarget = log (pkgs.rustBuilder.rustLib.rustTriple pkgs.stdenv.hostPlatform);
/*
Cargo2nix is built for rustOverlay which installs Rust from Mozilla releases.
We want our own Rust to avoid incompatibilities, like we had with musl 1.2.0.
rustc was built with musl < 1.2.0 and nix shipped musl >= 1.2.0 which lead to compilation breakage.
So we want a Rust release that is bound to our Nix repository to avoid these problems.
See here for more info: https://musl.libc.org/time64.html
Because Cargo2nix does not support the Rust environment shipped by NixOS,
we emulate the structure of the Rust object created by rustOverlay.
In practise, rustOverlay ships rustc+cargo in a single derivation while
NixOS ships them in separate ones. We reunite them with symlinkJoin.
*/
rustChannel = pkgs.symlinkJoin {
name ="rust-channel";
paths = [
pkgs.rustPlatform.rust.rustc
pkgs.rustPlatform.rust.cargo
];
};
/*
Cargo2nix provides many overrides by default, you can take inspiration from them:
https://github.com/cargo2nix/cargo2nix/blob/master/overlay/overrides.nix
You can have a complete list of the available options by looking at the overriden object, mkcrate:
https://github.com/cargo2nix/cargo2nix/blob/master/overlay/mkcrate.nix
*/
overrides = pkgs.rustBuilder.overrides.all ++ [
/*
[1] We need to alter Nix hardening to be able to statically compile: PIE,
Position Independent Executables seems to be supported only on amd64. Having
this flags set either make our executables crash or compile as dynamic on many platforms.
In the following section codegenOpts, we reactive it for the supported targets
(only amd64 curently) through the `-static-pie` flag. PIE is a feature used
by ASLR, which helps mitigate security issues.
Learn more about Nix Hardening: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/build-support/cc-wrapper/add-hardening.sh
[2] We want to inject the git version while keeping the build deterministic.
As we do not want to consider the .git folder as part of the input source,
we ask the user (the CI often) to pass the value to Nix.
*/
(pkgs.rustBuilder.rustLib.makeOverride {
name = "garage";
overrideAttrs = drv:
/* [1] */ { hardeningDisable = [ "pie" ]; }
//
/* [2] */ (if git_version != null then {
preConfigure = ''
${drv.preConfigure or ""}
export GIT_VERSION="${git_version}"
'';
} else {});
})
/*
We ship some parts of the code disabled by default by putting them behind a flag.
It speeds up the compilation (when the feature is not required) and released crates have less dependency by default (less attack surface, disk space, etc.).
But we want to ship these additional features when we release Garage.
In the end, we chose to exclude all features from debug builds while putting (all of) them in the release builds.
Currently, the only feature of Garage is kubernetes-discovery from the garage_rpc crate.
*/
(pkgs.rustBuilder.rustLib.makeOverride {
name = "garage_rpc";
overrideArgs = old:
{
features = if release then [ "kubernetes-discovery" ] else [];
};
})
];
packageFun = import ./Cargo.nix;
/*
We compile fully static binaries with musl to simplify deployment on most systems.
When possible, we reactivate PIE hardening (see above).
Also, if you set the RUSTFLAGS environment variable, the following parameters will
be ignored.
For more information on static builds, please refer to Rust's RFC 1721.
https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/1721-crt-static.html#specifying-dynamicstatic-c-runtime-linkage
*/
codegenOpts = {
"armv6l-unknown-linux-musleabihf" = [ "target-feature=+crt-static" "link-arg=-static" ]; /* compile as dynamic with static-pie */
"aarch64-unknown-linux-musl" = [ "target-feature=+crt-static" "link-arg=-static" ]; /* segfault with static-pie */
"i686-unknown-linux-musl" = [ "target-feature=+crt-static" "link-arg=-static" ]; /* segfault with static-pie */
"x86_64-unknown-linux-musl" = [ "target-feature=+crt-static" "link-arg=-static-pie" ];
};
/*
The following definition is not elegant as we use a low level function of Cargo2nix
that enables us to pass our custom rustChannel object. We need this low level definition
to pass Nix's Rust toolchains instead of Mozilla's one.
target is mandatory but must be kept to null to allow cargo2nix to set it to the appropriate value
for each crate.
*/
rustPkgs = pkgs.rustBuilder.makePackageSet {
inherit packageFun rustChannel release codegenOpts;
packageOverrides = overrides;
target = null;
buildRustPackages = pkgs.buildPackages.rustBuilder.makePackageSet {
inherit rustChannel packageFun codegenOpts;
packageOverrides = overrides;
target = null;
};
};
in
if compileMode == "test"
then pkgs.symlinkJoin {
name ="garage-tests";
paths = builtins.map (key: rustPkgs.workspace.${key} { inherit compileMode; }) (builtins.attrNames rustPkgs.workspace);
}
else rustPkgs.workspace.garage { inherit compileMode; }

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These are the sources for the documentation but not the whole website.
The website templates and other things are in garage_website, which
uses this as a submodule.

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+++
template = "documentation.html"
page_template = "documentation.html"
redirect_to = "documentation/quick-start/"
+++

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@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
[book]
authors = ["Quentin Dufour"]
language = "en"
multilingual = false
src = "src"
title = "Garage Documentation"

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@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
+++
title = "Integrations"
weight = 3
sort_by = "weight"
template = "documentation.html"
+++
Garage implements the Amazon S3 protocol, which makes it compatible with many existing software programs.
In particular, you will find here instructions to connect it with:
- [Browsing tools](@/documentation/connect/cli.md)
- [Applications](@/documentation/connect/apps/index.md)
- [Website hosting](@/documentation/connect/websites.md)
- [Software repositories](@/documentation/connect/repositories.md)
- [Your own code](@/documentation/connect/code.md)
- [FUSE](@/documentation/connect/fs.md)
### Generic instructions
To configure S3-compatible software to interact with Garage,
you will need the following parameters:
- An **API endpoint**: this corresponds to the HTTP or HTTPS address
used to contact the Garage server. When runing Garage locally this will usually
be `http://127.0.0.1:3900`. In a real-world setting, you would usually have a reverse-proxy
that adds TLS support and makes your Garage server available under a public hostname
such as `https://garage.example.com`.
- An **API access key** and its associated **secret key**. These usually look something
like this: `GK3515373e4c851ebaad366558` (access key),
`7d37d093435a41f2aab8f13c19ba067d9776c90215f56614adad6ece597dbb34` (secret key).
These keys are created and managed using the `garage` CLI, as explained in the
[quick start](@/documentation/quick-start/_index.md) guide.
Most S3 clients can be configured easily with these parameters,
provided that you follow the following guidelines:
- **Be careful to DNS-style/path-style access:** Garage supports both DNS-style buckets, which are now by default
on Amazon S3, and legacy path-style buckets. If you use a reverse proxy in front of Garage,
make sure that you configured it to support the access-style required by the software you want to use.
- **Configuring the S3 region:** Garage requires your client to talk to the correct "S3 region",
which is set in the configuration file. This is often set just to `garage`.
If this is not configured explicitly, clients usually try to talk to region `us-east-1`.
Garage should normally redirect your client to the correct region,
but in case your client does not support this you might have to configure it manually.

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+++
title = "Apps (Nextcloud, Peertube...)"
weight = 5
+++
In this section, we cover the following web applications:
| Name | Status | Note |
|------|--------|------|
| [Nextcloud](#nextcloud) | ✅ | Both Primary Storage and External Storage are supported |
| [Peertube](#peertube) | ✅ | Must be configured with the website endpoint |
| [Mastodon](#mastodon) | ❓ | Not yet tested |
| [Matrix](#matrix) | ✅ | Tested with `synapse-s3-storage-provider` |
| [Pixelfed](#pixelfed) | ❓ | Not yet tested |
| [Pleroma](#pleroma) | ❓ | Not yet tested |
| [Lemmy](#lemmy) | ❓ | Not yet tested |
| [Funkwhale](#funkwhale) | ❓ | Not yet tested |
| [Misskey](#misskey) | ❓ | Not yet tested |
| [Prismo](#prismo) | ❓ | Not yet tested |
| [Owncloud OCIS](#owncloud-infinite-scale-ocis) | ❓| Not yet tested |
## Nextcloud
Nextcloud is a popular file synchronisation and backup service.
By default, Nextcloud stores its data on the local filesystem.
If you want to expand your storage to aggregate multiple servers, Garage is the way to go.
A S3 backend can be configured in two ways on Nextcloud, either as Primary Storage or as an External Storage.
Primary storage will store all your data on S3, in an opaque manner, and will provide the best performances.
External storage enable you to select which data will be stored on S3, your file hierarchy will be preserved in S3, but it might be slower.
In the following, we cover both methods but before reading our guide, we suppose you have done some preliminary steps.
First, we expect you have an already installed and configured Nextcloud instance.
Second, we suppose you have created a key and a bucket.
As a reminder, you can create a key for your nextcloud instance as follow:
```bash
garage key new --name nextcloud-key
```
Keep the Key ID and the Secret key in a pad, they will be needed later.
Then you can create a bucket and give read/write rights to your key on this bucket with:
```bash
garage bucket create nextcloud
garage bucket allow nextcloud --read --write --key nextcloud-key
```
### Primary Storage
Now edit your Nextcloud configuration file to enable object storage.
On my installation, the config. file is located at the following path: `/var/www/nextcloud/config/config.php`.
We will add a new root key to the `$CONFIG` dictionnary named `objectstore`:
```php
<?php
$CONFIG = array(
/* your existing configuration */
'objectstore' => [
'class' => '\\OC\\Files\\ObjectStore\\S3',
'arguments' => [
'bucket' => 'nextcloud', // Your bucket name, must be created before
'autocreate' => false, // Garage does not support autocreate
'key' => 'xxxxxxxxx', // The Key ID generated previously
'secret' => 'xxxxxxxxx', // The Secret key generated previously
'hostname' => '127.0.0.1', // Can also be a domain name, eg. garage.example.com
'port' => 3900, // Put your reverse proxy port or your S3 API port
'use_ssl' => false, // Set it to true if you have a TLS enabled reverse proxy
'region' => 'garage', // Garage has only one region named "garage"
'use_path_style' => true // Garage supports only path style, must be set to true
],
],
```
That's all, your Nextcloud will store all your data to S3.
To test your new configuration, just reload your Nextcloud webpage and start sending data.
*External link:* [Nextcloud Documentation > Primary Storage](https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/configuration_files/primary_storage.html)
### External Storage
**From the GUI.** Activate the "External storage support" app from the "Applications" page (click on your account icon on the top right corner of your screen to display the menu). Go to your parameters page (also located below your account icon). Click on external storage (or the corresponding translation in your language).
[![Screenshot of the External Storage form](cli-nextcloud-gui.png)](cli-nextcloud-gui.png)
*Click on the picture to zoom*
Add a new external storage. Put what you want in "folder name" (eg. "shared"). Select "Amazon S3". Keep "Access Key" for the Authentication field.
In Configuration, put your bucket name (eg. nextcloud), the host (eg. 127.0.0.1), the port (eg. 3900 or 443), the region (garage). Tick the SSL box if you have put an HTTPS proxy in front of garage. You must tick the "Path access" box and you must leave the "Legacy authentication (v2)" box empty. Put your Key ID (eg. GK...) and your Secret Key in the last two input boxes. Finally click on the tick symbol on the right of your screen.
Now go to your "Files" app and a new "linked folder" has appeared with the name you chose earlier (eg. "shared").
*External link:* [Nextcloud Documentation > External Storage Configuration GUI](https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/configuration_files/external_storage_configuration_gui.html)
**From the CLI.** First install the external storage application:
```bash
php occ app:install files_external
```
Then add a new mount point with:
```bash
php occ files_external:create \
-c bucket=nextcloud \
-c hostname=127.0.0.1 \
-c port=3900 \
-c region=garage \
-c use_ssl=false \
-c use_path_style=true \
-c legacy_auth=false \
-c key=GKxxxx \
-c secret=xxxx \
shared amazons3 amazons3::accesskey
```
Adapt the `hostname`, `port`, `use_ssl`, `key`, and `secret` entries to your configuration.
Do not change the `use_path_style` and `legacy_auth` entries, other configurations are not supported.
*External link:* [Nextcloud Documentation > occ command > files external](https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/latest/admin_manual/configuration_server/occ_command.html#files-external-label)
## Peertube
Peertube proposes a clever integration of S3 by directly exposing its endpoint instead of proxifying requests through the application.
In other words, Peertube is only responsible of the "control plane" and offload the "data plane" to Garage.
In return, this system is a bit harder to configure.
We show how it is still possible to configure Garage with Peertube, allowing you to spread the load and the bandwidth usage on the Garage cluster.
### Create resources in Garage
Create a key for Peertube:
```bash
garage key new --name peertube-key
```
Keep the Key ID and the Secret key in a pad, they will be needed later.
We need two buckets, one for normal videos (named peertube-video) and one for webtorrent videos (named peertube-playlist).
```bash
garage bucket create peertube-video
garage bucket create peertube-playlist
```
Now we allow our key to read and write on these buckets:
```
garage bucket allow peertube-playlists --read --write --owner --key peertube-key
garage bucket allow peertube-videos --read --write --owner --key peertube-key
```
We also need to expose these buckets publicly to serve their content to users:
```bash
garage bucket website --allow peertube-playlists
garage bucket website --allow peertube-videos
```
Finally, we must allow Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS).
CORS are required by your browser to allow requests triggered from the peertube website (eg. peertube.tld) to your bucket's domain (eg. peertube-videos.web.garage.tld)
```bash
export CORS='{"CORSRules":[{"AllowedHeaders":["*"],"AllowedMethods":["GET"],"AllowedOrigins":["*"]}]}'
aws --endpoint http://s3.garage.localhost s3api put-bucket-cors --bucket peertube-playlists --cors-configuration $CORS
aws --endpoint http://s3.garage.localhost s3api put-bucket-cors --bucket peertube-videos --cors-configuration $CORS
```
These buckets are now accessible on the web port (by default 3902) with the following URL: `http://<bucket><root_domain>:<web_port>` where the root domain is defined in your configuration file (by default `.web.garage`). So we have currently the following URLs:
* http://peertube-playlists.web.garage:3902
* http://peertube-videos.web.garage:3902
Make sure you (will) have a corresponding DNS entry for them.
### Configure Peertube
You must edit the file named `config/production.yaml`, we are only modifying the root key named `object_storage`:
```yaml
object_storage:
enabled: true
# Put localhost only if you have a garage instance running on that node
endpoint: 'http://localhost:3900' # or "garage.example.com" if you have TLS on port 443
# Garage supports only one region for now, named garage
region: 'garage'
credentials:
access_key_id: 'GKxxxx'
secret_access_key: 'xxxx'
max_upload_part: 2GB
streaming_playlists:
bucket_name: 'peertube-playlist'
# Keep it empty for our example
prefix: ''
# You must fill this field to make Peertube use our reverse proxy/website logic
base_url: 'http://peertube-playlists.web.garage.localhost' # Example: 'https://mirror.example.com'
# Same settings but for webtorrent videos
videos:
bucket_name: 'peertube-video'
prefix: ''
# You must fill this field to make Peertube use our reverse proxy/website logic
base_url: 'http://peertube-videos.web.garage.localhost'
```
### That's all
Everything must be configured now, simply restart Peertube and try to upload a video.
Peertube will start by serving the video from its own domain while it is encoding.
Once the encoding is done, the video is uploaded to Garage.
You can now reload the page and see in your browser console that data are fetched directly from your bucket.
*External link:* [Peertube Documentation > Remote Storage](https://docs.joinpeertube.org/admin-remote-storage)
## Mastodon
https://docs.joinmastodon.org/admin/config/#cdn
## Matrix
Matrix is a chat communication protocol. Its main stable server implementation, [Synapse](https://matrix-org.github.io/synapse/latest/), provides a module to store media on a S3 backend. Additionally, a server independent media store supporting S3 has been developped by the community, it has been made possible thanks to how the matrix API has been designed and will work with implementations like Conduit, Dendrite, etc.
### synapse-s3-storage-provider (synapse only)
Supposing you have a working synapse installation, you can add the module with pip:
```bash
pip3 install --user git+https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse-s3-storage-provider.git
```
Now create a bucket and a key for your matrix instance (note your Key ID and Secret Key somewhere, they will be needed later):
```bash
garage key new --name matrix-key
garage bucket create matrix
garage bucket allow matrix --read --write --key matrix-key
```
Then you must edit your server configuration (eg. `/etc/matrix-synapse/homeserver.yaml`) and add the `media_storage_providers` root key:
```yaml
media_storage_providers:
- module: s3_storage_provider.S3StorageProviderBackend
store_local: True # do we want to store on S3 media created by our users?
store_remote: True # do we want to store on S3 media created
# by users of others servers federated to ours?
store_synchronous: True # do we want to wait that the file has been written before returning?
config:
bucket: matrix # the name of our bucket, we chose matrix earlier
region_name: garage # only "garage" is supported for the region field
endpoint_url: http://localhost:3900 # the path to the S3 endpoint
access_key_id: "GKxxx" # your Key ID
secret_access_key: "xxxx" # your Secret Key
```
Note that uploaded media will also be stored locally and this behavior can not be deactivated, it is even required for
some operations like resizing images.
In fact, your local filesysem is considered as a cache but without any automated way to garbage collect it.
We can build our garbage collector with `s3_media_upload`, a tool provided with the module.
If you installed the module with the command provided before, you should be able to bring it in your path:
```
PATH=$HOME/.local/bin/:$PATH
command -v s3_media_upload
```
Now we can write a simple script (eg `~/.local/bin/matrix-cache-gc`):
```bash
#!/bin/bash
## CONFIGURATION ##
AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=GKxxx
AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=xxxx
S3_ENDPOINT=http://localhost:3900
S3_BUCKET=matrix
MEDIA_STORE=/var/lib/matrix-synapse/media
PG_USER=matrix
PG_PASS=xxxx
PG_DB=synapse
PG_HOST=localhost
PG_PORT=5432
## CODE ##
PATH=$HOME/.local/bin/:$PATH
cat > database.yaml <<EOF
user: $PG_USER
password: $PG_PASS
database: $PG_DB
host: $PG_HOST
port: $PG_PORT
EOF
s3_media_upload update-db 1d
s3_media_upload --no-progress check-deleted $MEDIA_STORE
s3_media_upload --no-progress upload $MEDIA_STORE $S3_BUCKET --delete --endpoint-url $S3_ENDPOINT
```
This script will list all the medias that were not accessed in the 24 hours according to your database.
It will check if, in this list, the file still exists in the local media store.
For files that are still in the cache, it will upload them to S3 if they are not already present (in case of a crash or an initial synchronisation).
Finally, the script will delete these files from the cache.
Make this script executable and check that it works:
```bash
chmod +x $HOME/.local/bin/matrix-cache-gc
matrix-cache-gc
```
Add it to your crontab. Open the editor with:
```bash
crontab -e
```
And add a new line. For example, to run it every 10 minutes:
```cron
*/10 * * * * $HOME/.local/bin/matrix-cache-gc
```
*External link:* [Github > matrix-org/synapse-s3-storage-provider](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse-s3-storage-provider)
### matrix-media-repo (server independent)
*External link:* [matrix-media-repo Documentation > S3](https://docs.t2bot.io/matrix-media-repo/configuration/s3-datastore.html)
## Pixelfed
[Pixelfed Technical Documentation > Configuration](https://docs.pixelfed.org/technical-documentation/env.html#filesystem)
## Pleroma
[Pleroma Documentation > Pleroma.Uploaders.S3](https://docs-develop.pleroma.social/backend/configuration/cheatsheet/#pleromauploaderss3)
## Lemmy
Lemmy uses pict-rs that [supports S3 backends](https://git.asonix.dog/asonix/pict-rs/commit/f9f4fc63d670f357c93f24147c2ee3e1278e2d97)
## Funkwhale
[Funkwhale Documentation > S3 Storage](https://docs.funkwhale.audio/admin/configuration.html#s3-storage)
## Misskey
[Misskey Github > commit 9d94424](https://github.com/misskey-dev/misskey/commit/9d944243a3a59e8880a360cbfe30fd5a3ec8d52d)
## Prismo
[Prismo Gitlab > .env.production.sample](https://gitlab.com/prismosuite/prismo/-/blob/dev/.env.production.sample#L26-33)
## Owncloud Infinite Scale (ocis)
OCIS could be compatible with S3:
- [Deploying OCIS with S3](https://owncloud.dev/ocis/deployment/ocis_s3/)
- [OCIS 1.7 release note](https://central.owncloud.org/t/owncloud-infinite-scale-tech-preview-1-7-enables-s3-storage/32514/3)
## Unsupported
- Mobilizon: No S3 integration
- WriteFreely: No S3 integration
- Plume: No S3 integration

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title = "Backups (restic, duplicity...)"
weight = 25
+++
Backups are essential for disaster recovery but they are not trivial to manage.
Using Garage as your backup target will enable you to scale your storage as needed while ensuring high availability.
## Borg Backup
Borg Backup is very popular among the backup tools but it is not yet compatible with the S3 API.
We recommend using any other tool listed in this guide because they are all compatible with the S3 API.
If you still want to use Borg, you can use it with `rclone mount`.
## Restic
*External links:* [Restic Documentation > Amazon S3](https://restic.readthedocs.io/en/stable/030_preparing_a_new_repo.html#amazon-s3)
## Duplicity
*External links:* [Duplicity > man](https://duplicity.gitlab.io/duplicity-web/vers8/duplicity.1.html) (scroll to "URL Format" and "A note on Amazon S3")
## Duplicati
*External links:* [Duplicati Documentation > Storage Providers](https://duplicati.readthedocs.io/en/latest/05-storage-providers/#s3-compatible)
The following fields need to be specified:
```
Storage Type: S3 Compatible
Use SSL: [ ] # Only if you have SSL
Server: Custom server url (s3.garage.localhost:3900)
Bucket name: bucket-name
Bucket create region: Custom region value (garage) # Or as you've specified in garage.toml
AWS Access ID: Key ID from "garage key info key-name"
AWS Access Key: Secret key from "garage key info key-name"
Client Library to use: Minio SDK
```
Click `Test connection` and then no when asked `The bucket name should start with your username, prepend automatically?`. Then it should say `Connection worked!`.
## knoxite
*External links:* [Knoxite Documentation > Storage Backends](https://knoxite.com/docs/storage-backends/#amazon-s3)
## kopia
*External links:* [Kopia Documentation > Repositories](https://kopia.io/docs/repositories/#amazon-s3)

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title = "Browsing tools"
weight = 20
+++
Browsing tools allow you to query the S3 API without too many abstractions.
These tools are particularly suitable for debug, backups, website deployments or any scripted task that need to handle data.
| Name | Status | Note |
|------|--------|------|
| [Minio client](#minio-client) | ✅ | Recommended |
| [AWS CLI](#aws-cli) | ✅ | Recommended |
| [rclone](#rclone) | ✅ | |
| [s3cmd](#s3cmd) | ✅ | |
| [(Cyber)duck](#cyberduck) | ✅ | |
| [WinSCP (libs3)](#winscp) | ✅ | CLI instructions only |
| [sftpgo](#sftpgo) | ✅ | |
## Minio client
Use the following command to set an "alias", i.e. define a new S3 server to be
used by the Minio client:
```bash
mc alias set \
garage \
<endpoint> \
<access key> \
<secret key> \
--api S3v4
```
Remember that `mc` is sometimes called `mcli` (such as on Arch Linux), to avoid conflicts
with Midnight Commander.
Some commands:
```bash
# list buckets
mc ls garage/
# list objets in a bucket
mc ls garage/my_files
# copy from your filesystem to garage
mc cp /proc/cpuinfo garage/my_files/cpuinfo.txt
# copy from garage to your filesystem
mc cp garage/my_files/cpuinfo.txt /tmp/cpuinfo.txt
# mirror a folder from your filesystem to garage
mc mirror --overwrite ./book garage/garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr
```
## AWS CLI
Create a file named `~/.aws/credentials` and put:
```toml
[default]
aws_access_key_id=xxxx
aws_secret_access_key=xxxx
```
Then a file named `~/.aws/config` and put:
```toml
[default]
region=garage
```
Now, supposing Garage is listening on `http://127.0.0.1:3900`, you can list your buckets with:
```bash
aws --endpoint-url http://127.0.0.1:3900 s3 ls
```
Passing the `--endpoint-url` parameter to each command is annoying but AWS developers do not provide a corresponding configuration entry.
As a workaround, you can redefine the aws command by editing the file `~/.bashrc`:
```
function aws { command aws --endpoint-url http://127.0.0.1:3900 $@ ; }
```
*Do not forget to run `source ~/.bashrc` or to start a new terminal before running the next commands.*
Now you can simply run:
```bash
# list buckets
aws s3 ls
# list objects of a bucket
aws s3 ls s3://my_files
# copy from your filesystem to garage
aws s3 cp /proc/cpuinfo s3://my_files/cpuinfo.txt
# copy from garage to your filesystem
aws s3 cp s3/my_files/cpuinfo.txt /tmp/cpuinfo.txt
```
## `rclone`
`rclone` can be configured using the interactive assistant invoked using `rclone config`.
You can also configure `rclone` by writing directly its configuration file.
Here is a template `rclone.ini` configuration file (mine is located at `~/.config/rclone/rclone.conf`):
```ini
[garage]
type = s3
provider = Other
env_auth = false
access_key_id = <access key>
secret_access_key = <secret key>
region = <region>
endpoint = <endpoint>
force_path_style = true
acl = private
bucket_acl = private
```
Now you can run:
```bash
# list buckets
rclone lsd garage:
# list objects of a bucket aggregated in directories
rclone lsd garage:my-bucket
# copy from your filesystem to garage
echo hello world > /tmp/hello.txt
rclone copy /tmp/hello.txt garage:my-bucket/
# copy from garage to your filesystem
rclone copy garage:quentin.divers/hello.txt .
# see all available subcommands
rclone help
```
**Advice with rclone:** use the `--fast-list` option when accessing buckets with large amounts of objects.
This will tremendously accelerate operations such as `rclone sync` or `rclone ncdu` by reducing the number
of ListObjects calls that are made.
## `s3cmd`
Here is a template for the `s3cmd.cfg` file to talk with Garage:
```ini
[default]
access_key = <access key>
secret_key = <secret key>
host_base = <endpoint without http(s)://>
host_bucket = <same as host_base>
use_https = <False or True>
```
And use it as follow:
```bash
# List buckets
s3cmd ls
# s3cmd objects inside a bucket
s3cmd ls s3://my-bucket
# copy from your filesystem to garage
echo hello world > /tmp/hello.txt
s3cmd put /tmp/hello.txt s3://my-bucket/
# copy from garage to your filesystem
s3cmd get s3://my-bucket/hello.txt hello.txt
```
## Cyberduck & duck {#cyberduck}
Both Cyberduck (the GUI) and duck (the CLI) have a concept of "Connection Profiles" that contain some presets for a specific provider.
We wrote the following connection profile for Garage:
```xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
<plist version="1.0">
<dict>
<key>Protocol</key>
<string>s3</string>
<key>Vendor</key>
<string>garage</string>
<key>Scheme</key>
<string>https</string>
<key>Description</key>
<string>GarageS3</string>
<key>Default Hostname</key>
<string>127.0.0.1</string>
<key>Default Port</key>
<string>4443</string>
<key>Hostname Configurable</key>
<false/>
<key>Port Configurable</key>
<false/>
<key>Username Configurable</key>
<true/>
<key>Username Placeholder</key>
<string>Access Key ID (GK...)</string>
<key>Password Placeholder</key>
<string>Secret Key</string>
<key>Properties</key>
<array>
<string>s3service.disable-dns-buckets=true</string>
</array>
<key>Region</key>
<string>garage</string>
<key>Regions</key>
<array>
<string>garage</string>
</array>
</dict>
</plist>
```
*Note: If your garage instance is configured with vhost access style, you can remove `s3service.disable-dns-buckets=true`.*
### Instructions for the GUI
Copy the connection profile, and save it anywhere as `garage.cyberduckprofile`.
Then find this file with your file explorer and double click on it: Cyberduck will open a connection wizard for this profile.
Simply follow the wizard and you should be done!
### Instuctions for the CLI
To configure duck (Cyberduck's CLI tool), start by creating its folder hierarchy:
```
mkdir -p ~/.duck/profiles/
```
Then, save the connection profile for Garage in `~/.duck/profiles/garage.cyberduckprofile`.
To set your credentials in `~/.duck/credentials`, use the following commands to generate the appropriate string:
```bash
export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="GK..."
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="..."
export HOST="s3.garage.localhost"
export PORT="4443"
export PROTOCOL="https"
cat > ~/.duck/credentials <<EOF
$PROTOCOL\://$AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID@$HOST\:$PORT=$AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
EOF
```
And finally, I recommend appending a small wrapper to your `~/.bashrc` to avoid setting the username on each command (do not forget to replace `GK...` by your access key):
```bash
function duck { command duck --username GK... $@ ; }
```
Finally, you can then use `duck` as follow:
```bash
# List buckets
duck --list garage:/
# List objects in a bucket
duck --list garage:/my-files/
# Download an object
duck --download garage:/my-files/an-object.txt /tmp/object.txt
# Upload an object
duck --upload /tmp/object.txt garage:/my-files/another-object.txt
# Delete an object
duck --delete garage:/my-files/an-object.txt
```
## WinSCP (libs3) {#winscp}
*You can find instructions on how to use the GUI in french [in our wiki](https://wiki.deuxfleurs.fr/fr/Guide/Garage/WinSCP).*
How to use `winscp.com`, the CLI interface of WinSCP:
```
open s3://GKxxxxx:yyyyyyy@127.0.0.1:4443 -certificate=* -rawsettings S3DefaultRegion=garage S3UrlStyle=1
ls
ls my-files/
get my-files/an-object.txt Z:\tmp\object.txt
put Z:\tmp\object.txt my-files/another-object.txt
rm my-files/an-object
exit
```
Notes:
- It seems WinSCP supports only TLS connections for S3
- `-certificate=*` allows self-signed certificates, remove it if you have valid certificates
## sftpgo {#sftpgo}
sftpgo needs a database to work, by default it uses sqlite and does not require additional configuration.
You can then directly init it:
```
sftpgo initprovider
```
Then you can directly launch the daemon that will listen by default on `:8080 (http)` and `:2022 (ssh)`:
```
sftpgo serve
```
Go to the admin web interface (http://[::1]:8080/web/admin/), create the required admin account, then create a user account.
Choose a username (eg: `ada`) and a password.
In the filesystem section, choose:
- Storage: AWS S3 (Compatible)
- Bucket: *your bucket name*
- Region: `garage` (or the one you defined in `config.toml`)
- Access key: *your access key*
- Access secret: *your secret key*
- Endpoint: *your endpoint*, eg. `https://garage.example.tld`, note that the protocol (`https` here) must be specified. Non standard ports and `http` have not been tested yet.
- Keep the default values for other fields
- Tick "Use path-style addressing". It should work without ticking it if you have correctly configured your instance to use URL vhost-style.
Now you can access your bucket through SFTP:
```
sftp -P2022 ada@[::1]
ls
```
And through the web interface at http://[::1]:8080/web/client

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title = "Your code (PHP, JS, Go...)"
weight = 30
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If you are developping a new application, you may want to use Garage to store your user's media.
The S3 API that Garage uses is a standard REST API, so as long as you can make HTTP requests,
you can query it. You can check the [S3 REST API Reference](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_Operations_Amazon_Simple_Storage_Service.html) from Amazon to learn more.
Developping your own wrapper around the REST API is time consuming and complicated.
Instead, there are some libraries already avalaible.
Some of them are maintained by Amazon, some by Minio, others by the community.
## PHP
- Amazon aws-sdk-php
- [Installation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-php/v3/developer-guide/getting-started_installation.html)
- [Reference](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/aws-sdk-php/v3/api/api-s3-2006-03-01.html)
- [Example](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-php/v3/developer-guide/s3-examples-creating-buckets.html)
## Javascript
- Minio SDK
- [Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/javascript-client-api-reference.html)
- Amazon aws-sdk-js
- [Installation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-javascript/v3/developer-guide/getting-started.html)
- [Reference](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSJavaScriptSDK/latest/AWS/S3.html)
- [Example](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-javascript/v3/developer-guide/s3-example-creating-buckets.html)
## Golang
- Minio minio-go-sdk
- [Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/golang-client-api-reference.html)
- Amazon aws-sdk-go-v2
- [Installation](https://aws.github.io/aws-sdk-go-v2/docs/getting-started/)
- [Reference](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3)
- [Example](https://aws.github.io/aws-sdk-go-v2/docs/code-examples/s3/putobject/)
## Python
- Minio SDK
- [Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/python-client-api-reference.html)
- Amazon boto3
- [Installation](https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/guide/quickstart.html)
- [Reference](https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/reference/services/s3.html)
- [Example](https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/guide/s3-uploading-files.html)
## Java
- Minio SDK
- [Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/java-client-api-reference.html)
- Amazon aws-sdk-java
- [Installation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-java/latest/developer-guide/get-started.html)
- [Reference](https://sdk.amazonaws.com/java/api/latest/software/amazon/awssdk/services/s3/S3Client.html)
- [Example](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-java/latest/developer-guide/examples-s3-objects.html)
## Rust
- Amazon aws-rust-sdk
- [Github](https://github.com/awslabs/aws-sdk-rust)
## .NET
- Minio SDK
- [Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/dotnet-client-api-reference.html)
- Amazon aws-dotnet-sdk
## C++
- Amazon aws-cpp-sdk
## Haskell
- Minio SDK
- [Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/haskell-client-api-reference.html)

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title = "FUSE (s3fs, goofys, s3backer...)"
weight = 25
+++
**WARNING! Garage is not POSIX compatible.
Mounting S3 buckets as filesystems will not provide POSIX compatibility.
If you are not careful, you will lose or corrupt your data.**
Do not use these FUSE filesystems to store any database files (eg. MySQL, Postgresql, Mongo or sqlite),
any daemon cache (dovecot, openldap, gitea, etc.),
and more generally any software that use locking, advanced filesystems features or make any synchronisation assumption.
Ideally, avoid these solutions at all for any serious or production use.
## rclone mount
rclone uses the same configuration when used [in CLI](@/documentation/connect/cli.md) and mount mode.
We suppose you have the following entry in your `rclone.ini` (mine is located in `~/.config/rclone/rclone.conf`):
```toml
[garage]
type = s3
provider = Other
env_auth = false
access_key_id = <access key>
secret_access_key = <secret key>
region = <region>
endpoint = <endpoint>
force_path_style = true
acl = private
bucket_acl = private
```
Then you can mount and access any bucket as follow:
```bash
# mount the bucket
mkdir /tmp/my-bucket
rclone mount --daemon garage:my-bucket /tmp/my-bucket
# set your working directory to the bucket
cd /tmp/my-bucket
# create a file
echo hello world > hello.txt
# access the file
cat hello.txt
# unmount the bucket
cd
fusermount -u /tmp/my-bucket
```
*External link:* [rclone documentation > rclone mount](https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_mount/)
## s3fs
*External link:* [s3fs github > README.md](https://github.com/s3fs-fuse/s3fs-fuse#user-content-examples)
## goofys
*External link:* [goofys github > README.md](https://github.com/kahing/goofys#user-content-usage)
## s3backer
*External link:* [s3backer github > manpage](https://github.com/archiecobbs/s3backer/wiki/ManPage)
## csi-s3
*External link:* [csi-s3 Github > README.md](https://github.com/ctrox/csi-s3)

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title = "Repositories (Docker, Nix, Git...)"
weight = 15
+++
Whether you need to store and serve binary packages or source code, you may want to deploy a tool referred as a repository or registry.
Garage can also help you serve this content.
| Name | Status | Note |
|------|--------|------|
| [Gitea](#gitea) | ✅ | |
| [Docker](#docker) | ✅ | Requires garage >= v0.6.0 |
| [Nix](#nix) | ✅ | |
| [Gitlab](#gitlab) | ❓ | Not yet tested |
## Gitea
You can use Garage with Gitea to store your [git LFS](https://git-lfs.github.com/) data, your users' avatar, and their attachements.
You can configure a different target for each data type (check `[lfs]` and `[attachment]` sections of the Gitea documentation) and you can provide a default one through the `[storage]` section.
Let's start by creating a key and a bucket (your key id and secret will be needed later, keep them somewhere):
```bash
garage key new --name gitea-key
garage bucket create gitea
garage bucket allow gitea --read --write --key gitea-key
```
Then you can edit your configuration (by default `/etc/gitea/conf/app.ini`):
```ini
[storage]
STORAGE_TYPE=minio
MINIO_ENDPOINT=localhost:3900
MINIO_ACCESS_KEY_ID=GKxxx
MINIO_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=xxxx
MINIO_BUCKET=gitea
MINIO_LOCATION=garage
MINIO_USE_SSL=false
```
You can also pass this configuration through environment variables:
```bash
GITEA__storage__STORAGE_TYPE=minio
GITEA__storage__MINIO_ENDPOINT=localhost:3900
GITEA__storage__MINIO_ACCESS_KEY_ID=GKxxx
GITEA__storage__MINIO_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=xxxx
GITEA__storage__MINIO_BUCKET=gitea
GITEA__storage__MINIO_LOCATION=garage
GITEA__storage__MINIO_USE_SSL=false
```
Then restart your gitea instance and try to upload a custom avatar.
If it worked, you should see some content in your gitea bucket (you must configure your `aws` command before):
```
$ aws s3 ls s3://gitea/avatars/
2021-11-10 12:35:47 190034 616ba79ae2b84f565c33d72c2ec50861
```
*External link:* [Gitea Documentation > Configuration Cheat Sheet](https://docs.gitea.io/en-us/config-cheat-sheet/)
## Docker
Create a bucket and a key for your docker registry, then create `config.yml` with the following content:
```yml
version: 0.1
http:
addr: 0.0.0.0:5000
secret: asecretforlocaldevelopment
debug:
addr: localhost:5001
storage:
s3:
accesskey: GKxxxx
secretkey: yyyyy
region: garage
regionendpoint: http://localhost:3900
bucket: docker
secure: false
v4auth: true
rootdirectory: /
```
Replace the `accesskey`, `secretkey`, `bucket`, `regionendpoint` and `secure` values by the one fitting your deployment.
Then simply run the docker registry:
```bash
docker run \
--net=host \
-v `pwd`/config.yml:/etc/docker/registry/config.yml \
registry:2
```
*We started a plain text registry but docker clients require encrypted registries. You must either [setup TLS](https://docs.docker.com/registry/deploying/#run-an-externally-accessible-registry) on your registry or add `--insecure-registry=localhost:5000` to your docker daemon parameters.*
*External link:* [Docker Documentation > Registry storage drivers > S3 storage driver](https://docs.docker.com/registry/storage-drivers/s3/)
## Nix
Nix has no repository in its terminology: instead, it breaks down this concept in 2 parts: binary cache and channel.
**A channel** is a set of `.nix` definitions that generate definitions for all the software you want to serve.
Because we do not want all our clients to compile all these derivations by themselves,
we can compile them once and then serve them as part of our **binary cache**.
It is possible to use a **binary cache** without a channel, you only need to serve your nix definitions
through another support, like a git repository.
As a first step, we will need to create a bucket on Garage and enabling website access on it:
```bash
garage key new --name nix-key
garage bucket create nix.example.com
garage bucket allow nix.example.com --read --write --key nix-key
garage bucket website nix.example.com --allow
```
If you need more information about exposing buckets as websites on Garage,
check [Exposing buckets as websites](@/documentation/cookbook/exposing-websites.md)
and [Configuring a reverse proxy](@/documentation/cookbook/reverse-proxy.md).
Next, we want to check that our bucket works:
```bash
echo nix repo > /tmp/index.html
mc cp /tmp/index.html garage/nix/
rm /tmp/index.html
curl https://nix.example.com
# output: nix repo
```
### Binary cache
To serve binaries as part of your cache, you need to sign them with a key specific to nix.
You can generate the keypair as follow:
```bash
nix-store --generate-binary-cache-key <name> cache-priv-key.pem cache-pub-key.pem
```
You can then manually sign the packages of your store with the following command:
```bash
nix sign-paths --all -k cache-priv-key.pem
```
Setting a key in `nix.conf` will do the signature at build time automatically without additional commands.
Edit the `nix.conf` of your builder:
```toml
secret-key-files = /etc/nix/cache-priv-key.pem
```
Now that your content is signed, you can copy a derivation to your cache.
For example, if you want to copy a specific derivation of your store:
```bash
nix copy /nix/store/wadmyilr414n7bimxysbny876i2vlm5r-bash-5.1-p8 --to 's3://nix?endpoint=garage.example.com&region=garage'
```
*Note that if you have not signed your packages, you can append to the end of your S3 URL `&secret-key=/etc/nix/cache-priv-key.pem`.*
Sometimes you don't want to hardcode this store path in your script.
Let suppose that you are working on a codebase that you build with `nix-build`, you can then run:
```bash
nix copy $(nix-build) --to 's3://nix?endpoint=garage.example.com&region=garage'
```
*This command works because the only thing that `nix-build` outputs on stdout is the paths of the built derivations in your nix store.*
You can include your derivation dependencies:
```bash
nix copy $(nix-store -qR $(nix-build)) --to 's3://nix?endpoint=garage.example.com&region=garage'
```
Now, your binary cache stores your derivation and all its dependencies.
Just inform your users that they must update their `nix.conf` file with the following lines:
```toml
substituters = https://cache.nixos.org https://nix.example.com
trusted-public-keys = cache.nixos.org-1:6NCHdD59X431o0gWypbMrAURkbJ16ZPMQFGspcDShjY= nix.example.com:eTGL6kvaQn6cDR/F9lDYUIP9nCVR/kkshYfLDJf1yKs=
```
*You must re-add cache.nixorg.org because redeclaring these keys override the previous configuration instead of extending it.*
Now, when your clients will run `nix-build` or any command that generates a derivation for which a hash is already present
on the binary cache, the client will download the result from the cache instead of compiling it, saving lot of time and CPU!
### Channels
Channels additionnaly serve Nix definitions, ie. a `.nix` file referencing
all the derivations you want to serve.
## Gitlab
*External link:* [Gitlab Documentation > Object storage](https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/object_storage.html)

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title = "Websites (Hugo, Jekyll, Publii...)"
weight = 10
+++
Garage is also suitable to host static websites.
While they can be deployed with traditional CLI tools, some static website generators have integrated options to ease your workflow.
| Name | Status | Note |
|------|--------|------|
| [Hugo](#hugo) | ✅ | Publishing logic is integrated in the tool |
| [Publii](#publii) | ✅ | Require a correctly configured s3 vhost endpoint |
| [Generic Static Site Generator](#generic-static-site-generator) | ✅ | Works for Jekyll, Zola, Gatsby, Pelican, etc. |
## Hugo
Add to your `config.toml` the following section:
```toml
[[deployment.targets]]
URL = "s3://<bucket>?endpoint=<endpoint>&disableSSL=<bool>&s3ForcePathStyle=true&region=garage"
```
For example:
```toml
[[deployment.targets]]
URL = "s3://my-blog?endpoint=localhost:9000&disableSSL=true&s3ForcePathStyle=true&region=garage"
```
Then inform hugo of your credentials:
```bash
export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=GKxxx
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=xxx
```
And finally build and deploy your website:
```bsh
hugo
hugo deploy
```
*External links:*
- [gocloud.dev > aws > Supported URL parameters](https://pkg.go.dev/gocloud.dev/aws?utm_source=godoc#ConfigFromURLParams)
- [Hugo Documentation > hugo deploy](https://gohugo.io/hosting-and-deployment/hugo-deploy/)
## Publii
[![A screenshot of Publii's GUI](./publii.png)](./publii.png)
Deploying a website to Garage from Publii is natively supported.
First, make sure that your Garage administrator allowed and configured Garage to support vhost access style.
We also suppose that your bucket ("my-bucket") and key is already created and configured.
Then, from the left menu, click on server. Choose "S3" as the protocol.
In the configuration window, enter:
- Your finale website URL (eg. "http://my-bucket.web.garage.localhost:3902")
- Tick "Use a custom S3 provider"
- Set the S3 endpoint, (eg. "http://s3.garage.localhost:3900")
- Then put your access key (eg. "GK..."), your secret key, and your bucket (eg. "my-bucket")
- And hit the button "Save settings"
Now, each time you want to publish your website from Publii, just hit the bottom left button "Sync your website"!
## Generic Static Site Generator
Some tools do not support sending to a S3 backend but output a compiled folder on your system.
We can then use any CLI tool to upload this content to our S3 target.
First, start by [configuring minio client](@/documentation/connect/cli.md#minio-client).
Then build your website (example for jekyll):
```bash
jekyll build
```
And copy its output folder (`_site` for Jekyll) on S3:
```bash
mc mirror --overwrite _site garage/my-site
```

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@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
+++
title="Cookbook"
template = "documentation.html"
weight = 2
sort_by = "weight"
+++
A cookbook, when you cook, is a collection of recipes.
Similarly, Garage's cookbook contains a collection of recipes that are known to works well!
This chapter could also be referred as "Tutorials" or "Best practices".
- **[Multi-node deployment](@/documentation/cookbook/real-world.md):** This page will walk you through all of the necessary
steps to deploy Garage in a real-world setting.
- **[Building from source](@/documentation/cookbook/from-source.md):** This page explains how to build Garage from
source in case a binary is not provided for your architecture, or if you want to
hack with us!
- **[Integration with Systemd](@/documentation/cookbook/systemd.md):** This page explains how to run Garage
as a Systemd service (instead of as a Docker container).
- **[Configuring a gateway node](@/documentation/cookbook/gateways.md):** This page explains how to run a gateway node in a Garage cluster, i.e. a Garage node that doesn't store data but accelerates access to data present on the other nodes.
- **[Hosting a website](@/documentation/cookbook/exposing-websites.md):** This page explains how to use Garage
to host a static website.
- **[Configuring a reverse-proxy](@/documentation/cookbook/reverse-proxy.md):** This page explains how to configure a reverse-proxy to add TLS support to your S3 api endpoint.
- **[Recovering from failures](@/documentation/cookbook/recovering.md):** Garage's first selling point is resilience
to hardware failures. This section explains how to recover from such a failure in the
best possible way.

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+++
title = "Exposing buckets as websites"
weight = 25
+++
## Configuring a bucket for website access
There are two methods to expose buckets as website:
1. using the PutBucketWebsite S3 API call, which is allowed for access keys that have the owner permission bit set
2. from the Garage CLI, by an adminstrator of the cluster
The `PutBucketWebsite` API endpoint [is documented](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketWebsite.html) in the official AWS docs.
This endpoint can also be called [using `aws s3api`](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/s3api/put-bucket-website.html) on the command line.
The website configuration supported by Garage is only a subset of the possibilities on Amazon S3: redirections are not supported, only the index document and error document can be specified.
If you want to expose your bucket as a website from the CLI, use this simple command:
```bash
garage bucket website --allow my-website
```
Now it will be **publicly** exposed on the web endpoint (by default listening on port 3902).
## How exposed websites work
Our website serving logic is as follow:
- Supports only static websites (no support for PHP or other languages)
- Does not support directory listing
- The index file is defined per-bucket and can be specified in the `PutBucketWebsite` call
or on the CLI using the `--index-document` parameter (default: `index.html`)
- A custom error document for 404 errors can be specified in the `PutBucketWebsite` call
or on the CLI using the `--error-document` parameter
Now we need to infer the URL of your website through your bucket name.
Let assume:
- we set `root_domain = ".web.example.com"` in `garage.toml` ([ref](@/documentation/reference-manual/configuration.md#root_domain))
- our bucket name is `garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr`.
Our bucket will be served if the Host field matches one of these 2 values (the port is ignored):
- `garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr.web.example.com`: you can dedicate a subdomain to your users (here `web.example.com`).
- `garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr`: your users can bring their own domain name, they just need to point them to your Garage cluster.
You can try this logic locally, without configuring any DNS, thanks to `curl`:
```bash
# prepare your test
echo hello world > /tmp/index.html
mc cp /tmp/index.html garage/garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr
curl -H 'Host: garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr' http://localhost:3902
# should print "hello world"
curl -H 'Host: garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr.web.example.com' http://localhost:3902
# should also print "hello world"
```
Now that you understand how website logic works on Garage, you can:
- make the website endpoint listens on port 80 (instead of 3902)
- use iptables to redirect the port 80 to the port 3902:
`iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp -dport 80 -j REDIRECT -to-port 3902`
- or configure a [reverse proxy](@/documentation/cookbook/reverse-proxy.md) in front of Garage to add TLS (HTTPS), CORS support, etc.
You can also take a look at [Website Integration](@/documentation/connect/websites.md) to see how you can add Garage to your workflow.

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+++
title = "Compiling Garage from source"
weight = 10
+++
Garage is a standard Rust project. First, you need `rust` and `cargo`. For instance on Debian:
```bash
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y rustc cargo
```
You can also use [Rustup](https://rustup.rs/) to setup a Rust toolchain easily.
In addition, you will need a full C toolchain. On Debian-based distributions, it can be installed as follows:
```bash
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential
```
## Using source from `crates.io`
Garage's source code is published on `crates.io`, Rust's official package repository.
This means you can simply ask `cargo` to download and build this source code for you:
```bash
cargo install garage
```
That's all, `garage` should be in `$HOME/.cargo/bin`.
You can add this folder to your `$PATH` or copy the binary somewhere else on your system.
For instance:
```bash
sudo cp $HOME/.cargo/bin/garage /usr/local/bin/garage
```
## Using source from the Gitea repository
The primary location for Garage's source code is the
[Gitea repository](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage).
Clone the repository and build Garage with the following commands:
```bash
git clone https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage.git
cd garage
cargo build
```
Be careful, as this will make a debug build of Garage, which will be extremely slow!
To make a release build, invoke `cargo build --release` (this takes much longer).
The binaries built this way are found in `target/{debug,release}/garage`.

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+++
title = "Configuring a gateway node"
weight = 20
+++
Gateways allow you to expose Garage endpoints (S3 API and websites) without storing data on the node.
## Benefits
You can configure Garage as a gateway on all nodes that will consume your S3 API, it will provide you the following benefits:
- **It removes 1 or 2 network RTT.** Instead of (querying your reverse proxy then) querying a random node of the cluster that will forward your request to the nodes effectively storing the data, your local gateway will directly knows which node to query.
- **It eases server management.** Instead of tracking in your reverse proxy and DNS what are the current Garage nodes, your gateway being part of the cluster keeps this information for you. In your software, you will always specify `http://localhost:3900`.
- **It simplifies security.** Instead of having to maintain and renew a TLS certificate, you leverage the Secret Handshake protocol we use for our cluster. The S3 API protocol will be in plain text but limited to your local machine.
## Spawn a Gateway
The instructions are similar to a regular node, the only option that is different is while configuring the node, you must set the `--gateway` parameter:
```bash
garage layout assign --gateway --tag gw1 <node_id>
garage layout show # review the changes you are making
garage layout apply # once satisfied, apply the changes
```
Then use `http://localhost:3900` when a S3 endpoint is required:
```bash
aws --endpoint-url http://127.0.0.1:3900 s3 ls
```
If a newly added gateway node seems to not be working, do a full table resync to ensure that bucket and key list are correctly propagated:
```bash
garage repair -a --yes tables
```

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+++
title = "Deployment on a cluster"
weight = 5
+++
To run Garage in cluster mode, we recommend having at least 3 nodes.
This will allow you to setup Garage for three-way replication of your data,
the safest and most available mode proposed by Garage.
We recommend first following the [quick start guide](@/documentation/quick-start/_index.md) in order
to get familiar with Garage's command line and usage patterns.
## Prerequisites
To run a real-world deployment, make sure the following conditions are met:
- You have at least three machines with sufficient storage space available.
- Each machine has a public IP address which is reachable by other machines.
Running behind a NAT is likely to be possible but hasn't been tested for the latest version (TODO).
- Ideally, each machine should have a SSD available in addition to the HDD you are dedicating
to Garage. This will allow for faster access to metadata and has the potential
to significantly reduce Garage's response times.
- This guide will assume you are using Docker containers to deploy Garage on each node.
Garage can also be run independently, for instance as a [Systemd service](@/documentation/cookbook/systemd.md).
You can also use an orchestrator such as Nomad or Kubernetes to automatically manage
Docker containers on a fleet of nodes.
Before deploying Garage on your infrastructure, you must inventory your machines.
For our example, we will suppose the following infrastructure with IPv6 connectivity:
| Location | Name | IP Address | Disk Space |
|----------|---------|------------|------------|
| Paris | Mercury | fc00:1::1 | 1 TB |
| Paris | Venus | fc00:1::2 | 2 TB |
| London | Earth | fc00:B::1 | 2 TB |
| Brussels | Mars | fc00:F::1 | 1.5 TB |
Note that Garage will **always** store the three copies of your data on nodes at different
locations. This means that in the case of this small example, the available capacity
of the cluster is in fact only 1.5 TB, because nodes in Brussels can't store more than that.
This also means that nodes in Paris and London will be under-utilized.
To make better use of the available hardware, you should ensure that the capacity
available in the different locations of your cluster is roughly the same.
For instance, here, the Mercury node could be moved to Brussels; this would allow the cluster
to store 2 TB of data in total.
## Get a Docker image
Our docker image is currently named `dxflrs/amd64_garage` and is stored on the [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/dxflrs/amd64_garage/tags?page=1&ordering=last_updated).
We encourage you to use a fixed tag (eg. `v0.4.0`) and not the `latest` tag.
For this example, we will use the latest published version at the time of the writing which is `v0.4.0` but it's up to you
to check [the most recent versions on the Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/dxflrs/amd64_garage/tags?page=1&ordering=last_updated).
For example:
```
sudo docker pull dxflrs/amd64_garage:v0.4.0
```
## Deploying and configuring Garage
On each machine, we will have a similar setup,
especially you must consider the following folders/files:
- `/etc/garage.toml`: Garage daemon's configuration (see below)
- `/var/lib/garage/meta/`: Folder containing Garage's metadata,
put this folder on a SSD if possible
- `/var/lib/garage/data/`: Folder containing Garage's data,
this folder will be your main data storage and must be on a large storage (e.g. large HDD)
A valid `/etc/garage/garage.toml` for our cluster would look as follows:
```toml
metadata_dir = "/var/lib/garage/meta"
data_dir = "/var/lib/garage/data"
replication_mode = "3"
compression_level = 2
rpc_bind_addr = "[::]:3901"
rpc_public_addr = "<this node's public IP>:3901"
rpc_secret = "<RPC secret>"
bootstrap_peers = []
[s3_api]
s3_region = "garage"
api_bind_addr = "[::]:3900"
root_domain = ".s3.garage"
[s3_web]
bind_addr = "[::]:3902"
root_domain = ".web.garage"
index = "index.html"
```
Check the following for your configuration files:
- Make sure `rpc_public_addr` contains the public IP address of the node you are configuring.
This parameter is optional but recommended: if your nodes have trouble communicating with
one another, consider adding it.
- Make sure `rpc_secret` is the same value on all nodes. It should be a 32-bytes hex-encoded secret key.
You can generate such a key with `openssl rand -hex 32`.
## Starting Garage using Docker
On each machine, you can run the daemon with:
```bash
docker run \
-d \
--name garaged \
--restart always \
--network host \
-v /etc/garage.toml:/etc/garage.toml \
-v /var/lib/garage/meta:/var/lib/garage/meta \
-v /var/lib/garage/data:/var/lib/garage/data \
lxpz/garage_amd64:v0.4.0
```
It should be restarted automatically at each reboot.
Please note that we use host networking as otherwise Docker containers
can not communicate with IPv6.
Upgrading between Garage versions should be supported transparently,
but please check the relase notes before doing so!
To upgrade, simply stop and remove this container and
start again the command with a new version of Garage.
## Controling the daemon
The `garage` binary has two purposes:
- it acts as a daemon when launched with `garage server`
- it acts as a control tool for the daemon when launched with any other command
Ensure an appropriate `garage` binary (the same version as your Docker image) is available in your path.
If your configuration file is at `/etc/garage.toml`, the `garage` binary should work with no further change.
You can test your `garage` CLI utility by running a simple command such as:
```bash
garage status
```
At this point, nodes are not yet talking to one another.
Your output should therefore look like follows:
```
Mercury$ garage status
==== HEALTHY NODES ====
ID Hostname Address Tag Zone Capacity
563e1ac825ee3323… Mercury [fc00:1::1]:3901 NO ROLE ASSIGNED
```
## Connecting nodes together
When your Garage nodes first start, they will generate a local node identifier
(based on a public/private key pair).
To obtain the node identifier of a node, once it is generated,
run `garage node id`.
This will print keys as follows:
```bash
Mercury$ garage node id
563e1ac825ee3323aa441e72c26d1030d6d4414aeb3dd25287c531e7fc2bc95d@[fc00:1::1]:3901
Venus$ garage node id
86f0f26ae4afbd59aaf9cfb059eefac844951efd5b8caeec0d53f4ed6c85f332@[fc00:1::2]:3901
etc.
```
You can then instruct nodes to connect to one another as follows:
```bash
# Instruct Venus to connect to Mercury (this will establish communication both ways)
Venus$ garage node connect 563e1ac825ee3323aa441e72c26d1030d6d4414aeb3dd25287c531e7fc2bc95d@[fc00:1::1]:3901
```
You don't nead to instruct all node to connect to all other nodes:
nodes will discover one another transitively.
Now if your run `garage status` on any node, you should have an output that looks as follows:
```
==== HEALTHY NODES ====
ID Hostname Address Tag Zone Capacity
563e1ac825ee3323… Mercury [fc00:1::1]:3901 NO ROLE ASSIGNED
86f0f26ae4afbd59… Venus [fc00:1::2]:3901 NO ROLE ASSIGNED
68143d720f20c89d… Earth [fc00:B::1]:3901 NO ROLE ASSIGNED
212f7572f0c89da9… Mars [fc00:F::1]:3901 NO ROLE ASSIGNED
```
## Creating a cluster layout
We will now inform Garage of the disk space available on each node of the cluster
as well as the zone (e.g. datacenter) in which each machine is located.
This information is called the **cluster layout** and consists
of a role that is assigned to each active cluster node.
For our example, we will suppose we have the following infrastructure
(Capacity, Identifier and Zone are specific values to Garage described in the following):
| Location | Name | Disk Space | `Capacity` | `Identifier` | `Zone` |
|----------|---------|------------|------------|--------------|--------------|
| Paris | Mercury | 1 TB | `10` | `563e` | `par1` |
| Paris | Venus | 2 TB | `20` | `86f0` | `par1` |
| London | Earth | 2 TB | `20` | `6814` | `lon1` |
| Brussels | Mars | 1.5 TB | `15` | `212f` | `bru1` |
#### Node identifiers
After its first launch, Garage generates a random and unique identifier for each nodes, such as:
```
563e1ac825ee3323aa441e72c26d1030d6d4414aeb3dd25287c531e7fc2bc95d
```
Often a shorter form can be used, containing only the beginning of the identifier, like `563e`,
which identifies the server "Mercury" located in "Paris" according to our previous table.
The most simple way to match an identifier to a node is to run:
```
garage status
```
It will display the IP address associated with each node;
from the IP address you will be able to recognize the node.
#### Zones
Zones are simply a user-chosen identifier that identify a group of server that are grouped together logically.
It is up to the system administrator deploying Garage to identify what does "grouped together" means.
In most cases, a zone will correspond to a geographical location (i.e. a datacenter).
Behind the scene, Garage will use zone definition to try to store the same data on different zones,
in order to provide high availability despite failure of a zone.
#### Capacity
Garage reasons on an abstract metric about disk storage that is named the *capacity* of a node.
The capacity configured in Garage must be proportional to the disk space dedicated to the node.
Capacity values must be **integers** but can be given any signification.
Here we chose that 1 unit of capacity = 100 GB.
Note that the amount of data stored by Garage on each server may not be strictly proportional to
its capacity value, as Garage will priorize having 3 copies of data in different zones,
even if this means that capacities will not be strictly respected. For example in our above examples,
nodes Earth and Mars will always store a copy of everything each, and the third copy will
have 66% chance of being stored by Venus and 33% chance of being stored by Mercury.
#### Injecting the topology
Given the information above, we will configure our cluster as follow:
```bash
garage layout assign 563e -z par1 -c 10 -t mercury
garage layout assign 86f0 -z par1 -c 20 -t venus
garage layout assign 6814 -z lon1 -c 20 -t earth
garage layout assign 212f -z bru1 -c 15 -t mars
```
At this point, the changes in the cluster layout have not yet been applied.
To show the new layout that will be applied, call:
```bash
garage layout show
```
Once you are satisfied with your new layout, apply it with:
```bash
garage layout apply
```
**WARNING:** if you want to use the layout modification commands in a script,
make sure to read [this page](@/documentation/reference-manual/layout.md) first.
## Using your Garage cluster
Creating buckets and managing keys is done using the `garage` CLI,
and is covered in the [quick start guide](@/documentation/quick-start/_index.md).
Remember also that the CLI is self-documented thanks to the `--help` flag and
the `help` subcommand (e.g. `garage help`, `garage key --help`).
Configuring S3-compatible applicatiosn to interact with Garage
is covered in the [Integrations](@/documentation/connect/_index.md) section.

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+++
title = "Configuring a reverse proxy"
weight = 30
+++
The main reason to add a reverse proxy in front of Garage is to provide TLS to your users and serve multiple web services on port 443.
In production you will likely need your certificates signed by a certificate authority.
The most automated way is to use a provider supporting the [ACME protocol](https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc8555)
such as [Let's Encrypt](https://letsencrypt.org/), [ZeroSSL](https://zerossl.com/) or [Buypass Go SSL](https://www.buypass.com/ssl/products/acme).
If you are only testing Garage, you can generate a self-signed certificate to follow the documentation:
```bash
openssl req \
-new \
-x509 \
-keyout /tmp/garage.key \
-out /tmp/garage.crt \
-nodes \
-subj "/C=XX/ST=XX/L=XX/O=XX/OU=XX/CN=localhost/emailAddress=X@X.XX" \
-addext "subjectAltName = DNS:localhost, IP:127.0.0.1"
cat /tmp/garage.key /tmp/garage.crt > /tmp/garage.pem
```
Be careful as you will need to allow self signed certificates in your client.
For example, with minio, you must add the `--insecure` flag.
An example:
```bash
mc ls --insecure garage/
```
## socat (only for testing purposes)
If you want to test Garage with a TLS frontend, socat can do it for you in a single command:
```bash
socat \
"openssl-listen:443,\
reuseaddr,\
fork,\
verify=0,\
cert=/tmp/garage.pem" \
tcp4-connect:localhost:3900
```
## Nginx
Nginx is a well-known reverse proxy suitable for production.
We do the configuration in 3 steps: first we define the upstream blocks ("the backends")
then we define the server blocks ("the frontends") for the S3 endpoint and finally for the web endpoint.
The following configuration blocks can be all put in the same `/etc/nginx/sites-available/garage.conf`.
To make your configuration active, run `ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/garage.conf /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/`.
If you directly put the instructions in the root `nginx.conf`, keep in mind that these configurations must be enclosed inside a `http { }` block.
And do not forget to reload nginx with `systemctl reload nginx` or `nginx -s reload`.
### Exposing the S3 endpoints
First, we need to tell to nginx how to access our Garage cluster.
Because we have multiple nodes, we want to leverage all of them by spreading the load.
In nginx, we can do that with the `upstream` directive.
Then in a `server` directive, we define the vhosts, the TLS certificates and the proxy rule.
A possible configuration:
```nginx
upstream s3_backend {
# if you have a garage instance locally
server 127.0.0.1:3900;
# you can also put your other instances
server 192.168.1.3:3900;
# domain names also work
server garage1.example.com:3900;
# you can assign weights if you have some servers
# that are more powerful than others
server garage2.example.com:3900 weight=2;
}
server {
listen [::]:443 http2 ssl;
ssl_certificate /tmp/garage.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /tmp/garage.key;
# You need multiple server names here:
# - s3.garage.tld is used for path-based s3 requests
# - *.s3.garage.tld is used for vhost-based s3 requests
server_name s3.garage.tld *.s3.garage.tld;
location / {
proxy_pass http://s3_backend;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
}
}
```
## Exposing the web endpoint
To better understand the logic involved, you can refer to the [Exposing buckets as websites](/cookbook/exposing_websites.html) section.
Otherwise, the configuration is very similar to the S3 endpoint.
You must only adapt `upstream` with the web port instead of the s3 port and change the `server_name` and `proxy_pass` entry
A possible configuration:
```nginx
upstream web_backend {
server 127.0.0.1:3902;
server 192.168.1.3:3902;
server garage1.example.com:3902;
server garage2.example.com:3902 weight=2;
}
server {
listen [::]:443 http2 ssl;
ssl_certificate /tmp/garage.crt;
ssl_certificate_key /tmp/garage.key;
# You need multiple server names here:
# - *.web.garage.tld is used for your users wanting a website without reserving a domain name
# - example.com, my-site.tld, etc. are reserved domain name by your users that chose to host their website as a garage's bucket
server_name *.web.garage.tld example.com my-site.tld;
location / {
proxy_pass http://web_backend;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
}
}
```
## Apache httpd
@TODO
## Traefik
@TODO

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+++
title = "Starting Garage with systemd"
weight = 15
+++
We make some assumptions for this systemd deployment.
- Your garage binary is located at `/usr/local/bin/garage`.
- Your configuration file is located at `/etc/garage.toml`.
- Your `garage.toml` must be set with `metadata_dir=/var/lib/garage/meta` and `data_dir=/var/lib/garage/data`. This is mandatory to use `systemd` hardening feature [Dynamic User](https://0pointer.net/blog/dynamic-users-with-systemd.html). Note that in your host filesystem, Garage data will be held in `/var/lib/private/garage`.
Create a file named `/etc/systemd/system/garage.service`:
```toml
[Unit]
Description=Garage Data Store
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Environment='RUST_LOG=garage=info' 'RUST_BACKTRACE=1'
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/garage server
StateDirectory=garage
DynamicUser=true
ProtectHome=true
NoNewPrivileges=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
```
*A note on hardening: garage will be run as a non privileged user, its user id is dynamically allocated by systemd. It cannot access (read or write) home folders (/home, /root and /run/user), the rest of the filesystem can only be read but not written, only the path seen as /var/lib/garage is writable as seen by the service (mapped to /var/lib/private/garage on your host). Additionnaly, the process can not gain new privileges over time.*
To start the service then automatically enable it at boot:
```bash
sudo systemctl start garage
sudo systemctl enable garage
```
To see if the service is running and to browse its logs:
```bash
sudo systemctl status garage
sudo journalctl -u garage
```
If you want to modify the service file, do not forget to run `systemctl daemon-reload`
to inform `systemd` of your modifications.

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title = "Upgrading Garage"
weight = 40
+++
Garage is a stateful clustered application, where all nodes are communicating together and share data structures.
It makes upgrade more difficult than stateless applications so you must be more careful when upgrading.
On a new version release, there is 2 possibilities:
- protocols and data structures remained the same ➡️ this is a **straightforward upgrade**
- protocols or data structures changed ➡️ this is an **advanced upgrade**
You can quickly now what type of update you will have to operate by looking at the version identifier.
Following the [SemVer ](https://semver.org/) terminology, if only the *patch* number changed, it will only need a straightforward upgrade.
Example: an upgrade from v0.6.0 from v0.6.1 is a straightforward upgrade.
If the *minor* or *major* number changed however, you will have to do an advanced upgrade. Example: from v0.6.1 to v0.7.0.
Migrations are designed to be run only between contiguous versions (from a *major*.*minor* perspective, *patches* can be skipped).
Example: migrations from v0.6.1 to v0.7.0 and from v0.6.0 to v0.7.0 are supported but migrations from v0.5.0 to v0.7.0 are not supported.
## Straightforward upgrades
Straightforward upgrades do not imply cluster downtime.
Before upgrading, you should still read [the changelog](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/releases) and ideally test your deployment on a staging cluster before.
When you are ready, start by checking the health of your cluster.
You can force some checks with `garage repair`, we recommend at least running `garage repair --all-nodes --yes` that is very quick to run (less than a minute).
You will see that the command correctly terminated in the logs of your daemon.
Finally, you can simply upgrades nodes one by one.
For each node: stop it, install the new binary, edit the configuration if needed, restart it.
## Advanced upgrades
Advanced upgrades will imply cluster downtime.
Before upgrading, you must read [the changelog](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/releases) and you must test your deployment on a staging cluster before.
From a high level perspective, an advanced upgrade looks like this:
1. Make sure the health of your cluster is good (see `garage repair`)
2. Disable API access (comment the configuration in your reverse proxy)
3. Check that your cluster is idle
4. Stop the whole cluster
5. Backup the metadata folder of all your nodes, so that you will be able to restore it quickly if the upgrade fails (blocks being immutable, they should not be impacted)
6. Install the new binary, update the configuration
7. Start the whole cluster
8. If needed, run the corresponding migration from `garage migrate`
9. Make sure the health of your cluster is good
10. Enable API access (uncomment the configuration in your reverse proxy)
11. Monitor your cluster while load comes back, check that all your applications are happy with this new version
We write guides for each advanced upgrade, they are stored under the "Working Documents" section of this documentation.

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title = "Design"
weight = 5
sort_by = "weight"
template = "documentation.html"
+++
The design section helps you to see Garage from a "big picture"
perspective. It will allow you to understand if Garage is a good fit for
you, how to better use it, how to contribute to it, what can Garage could
and could not do, etc.
- **[Goals and use cases](@/documentation/design/goals.md):** This page explains why Garage was concieved and what practical use cases it targets.
- **[Related work](@/documentation/design/related-work.md):** This pages presents the theoretical background on which Garage is built, and describes other software storage solutions and why they didn't work for us.
- **[Internals](@/documentation/design/internals.md):** This page enters into more details on how Garage manages data internally.
## Talks
We love to talk and hear about Garage, that's why we keep a log here:
- [(fr, 2021-11-13, video) Garage : Mille et une façons de stocker vos données](https://video.tedomum.net/w/moYKcv198dyMrT8hCS5jz9) and [slides (html)](https://rfid.deuxfleurs.fr/presentations/2021-11-13/garage/) - during [RFID#1](https://rfid.deuxfleurs.fr/programme/2021-11-13/) event
- [(en, 2021-04-28) Distributed object storage is centralised](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/raw/commit/b1f60579a13d3c5eba7f74b1775c84639ea9b51a/doc/talks/2021-04-28_spirals-team/talk.pdf)
- [(fr, 2020-12-02) Garage : jouer dans la cour des grands quand on est un hébergeur associatif](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/raw/commit/b1f60579a13d3c5eba7f74b1775c84639ea9b51a/doc/talks/2020-12-02_wide-team/talk.pdf)
*Did you write or talk about Garage? [Open a pull request](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/) to add a link here!*

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title = "Benchmarks"
weight = 10
+++
With Garage, we wanted to build a software defined storage service that follow the [KISS principle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KISS_principle),
that is suitable for geo-distributed deployments and more generally that would work well for community hosting (like a Mastodon instance).
In our benchmarks, we aim to quantify how Garage performs on these goals compared to the other available solutions.
## Geo-distribution
The main challenge in a geo-distributed setup is latency between nodes of the cluster.
The more a user request will require intra-cluster requests to complete, the more its latency will increase.
This is especially true for sequential requests: requests that must wait the result of another request to be sent.
We designed Garage without consensus algorithms (eg. Paxos or Raft) to minimize the number of sequential and parallel requests.
This serie of benchmarks quantifies the impact of this design choice.
### On a simple simulated network
We start with a controlled environment, all the instances are running on the same (powerful enough) machine.
To control the network latency, we simulate the network with [mknet](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/trinity-1686a/mknet) (a tool we developped, based on `tc` and the linux network stack).
To mesure S3 endpoints latency, we use our own tool [s3lat](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/quentin/s3lat/) to observe only the intra-cluster latency and not some contention on the nodes (CPU, RAM, disk I/O, network bandwidth, etc.).
Compared to other benchmark tools, S3Lat sends only one (small) request at the same time and measures its latency.
We selected 5 standard endpoints that are often in the critical path: ListBuckets, ListObjects, GetObject, PutObject and RemoveObject.
In this first benchmark, we consider 5 instances that are located in a different place each. To simulate the distance, we configure mknet with a RTT between each node of 100 ms +/- 20 ms of jitter. We get the following graph, where the colored bars represent the mean latency while the error bars the minimum and maximum one:
![Comparison of endpoints latency for minio and garage](./endpoint-latency.png)
Compared to garage, minio latency drastically increases on 3 endpoints: GetObject, PutObject, RemoveObject.
We suppose that these requests on minio make transactions over Raft, involving 4 sequential requests: 1) sending the message to the leader, 2) having the leader dispatch it to the other nodes, 3) waiting for the confirmation of followers and finally 4) commiting it. With our current configuration, one Raft transaction will take around 400 ms. GetObject seems to correlate to 1 transaction while PutObject and RemoveObject seems to correlate to 2 or 3. Reviewing minio code would be required to confirm this hypothesis.
Conversely, garage uses an architecture similar to DynamoDB and never require global cluster coordination to answer a request.
Instead, garage can always contact the right node in charge of the requested data, and can answer in as low as one request in the case of GetObject and PutObject. We also observed that Garage latency, while often lower to minio, is more dispersed: garage is still in beta and has not received any performance optimization yet.
As a conclusion, Garage performs well in such setup while minio will be hard to use, especially for interactive use cases.
### On a complex simulated network
This time we consider a more heterogeneous network with 6 servers spread in 3 datacenter, giving us 2 servers per datacenters.
We consider that intra-DC communications are now very cheap with a latency of 0.5ms and without any jitter.
The inter-DC remains costly with the same value as before (100ms +/- 20ms of jitter).
We plot a similar graph as before:
![Comparison of endpoints latency for minio and garage with 6 nodes in 3 DC](./endpoint-latency-dc.png)
This new graph is very similar to the one before, neither minio or garage seems to benefit from this new topology, but they also do not suffer from it.
Considering garage, this is expected: nodes in the same DC are put in the same zone, and then data are spread on different zones for data resiliency and availaibility.
Then, in the default mode, requesting data requires to query at least 2 zones to be sure that we have the most up to date information.
These requests will involve at least one inter-DC communication.
In other words, we prioritize data availability and synchronization over raw performances.
Minio's case is a bit different as by default a minio cluster is not location aware, so we can't explain its performances through location awareness.
*We know that minio has a multi site mode but it is definitely not a first class citizen: data are asynchronously replicated from one minio cluster to another.*
We suppose that, due to the consensus, for many of its requests minio will wait for a response of the majority of the server, also involving inter-DC communications.
As a conclusion, our new topology did not influence garage or minio performances, confirming that in presence of latency, garage is the best fit.
### On a real world deployment
*TODO*
## Performance stability
A storage cluster will encounter different scenario over its life, many of them will not be predictable.
In this context, we argue that, more than peak performances, we should seek predictable and stable performances to ensure data availability.
### Reference
*TODO*
### On a degraded cluster
*TODO*
### At scale
*TODO*

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+++
title = "Goals and use cases"
weight = 5
+++
## Goals and non-goals
Garage is a lightweight geo-distributed data store that implements the
[Amazon S3](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/Welcome.html)
object storage protocole. It enables applications to store large blobs such
as pictures, video, images, documents, etc., in a redundant multi-node
setting. S3 is versatile enough to also be used to publish a static
website.
Garage is an opinionated object storage solutoin, we focus on the following **desirable properties**:
- **Self-contained & lightweight**: works everywhere and integrates well in existing environments to target [hyperconverged infrastructures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-converged_infrastructure).
- **Highly resilient**: highly resilient to network failures, network latency, disk failures, sysadmin failures.
- **Simple**: simple to understand, simple to operate, simple to debug.
- **Internet enabled**: made for multi-sites (eg. datacenters, offices, households, etc.) interconnected through regular Internet connections.
We also noted that the pursuit of some other goals are detrimental to our initial goals.
The following has been identified as **non-goals** (if these points matter to you, you should not use Garage):
- **Extreme performances**: high performances constrain a lot the design and the infrastructure; we seek performances through minimalism only.
- **Feature extensiveness**: we do not plan to add additional features compared to the ones provided by the S3 API.
- **Storage optimizations**: erasure coding or any other coding technique both increase the difficulty of placing data and synchronizing; we limit ourselves to duplication.
- **POSIX/Filesystem compatibility**: we do not aim at being POSIX compatible or to emulate any kind of filesystem. Indeed, in a distributed environment, such synchronizations are translated in network messages that impose severe constraints on the deployment.
## Use-cases
*Are you also using Garage in your organization? [Open a PR](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage) to add your use case here!*
### Deuxfleurs
[Deuxfleurs](https://deuxfleurs.fr) is an experimental non-profit hosting
organization that develops Garage. Deuxfleurs is focused on building highly
available infrastructure through redundancy in multiple geographical
locations. They use Garage themselves for the following tasks:
- Hosting of [main website](https://deuxfleurs.fr), [this website](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr), as well as the personal website of many of the members of the organization
- As a [Matrix media backend](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse-s3-storage-provider)
- To store personal data and shared documents through [Bagage](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/bagage), a homegrown WebDav-to-S3 proxy
- In the Drone continuous integration platform to store task logs
- As a Nix binary cache
- As a backup target using `rclone`
The Deuxfleurs Garage cluster is a multi-site cluster currently composed of
4 nodes in 2 physical locations. In the future it will be expanded to at
least 3 physical locations to fully exploit Garage's potential for high
availability.

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title = "Internals"
weight = 20
+++
## Overview
TODO: write this section
- The Dynamo ring (see [this paper](https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/1323293.1294281) and [that paper](https://www.usenix.org/conference/nsdi16/technical-sessions/presentation/eisenbud))
- CRDTs (see [this paper](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-24550-3_29))
- Consistency model of Garage tables
In the meantime, you can find some information at the following links:
- [this presentation (in French)](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/src/branch/main/doc/talks/2020-12-02_wide-team/talk.pdf)
- [an old design draft](@/documentation/working-documents/design-draft.md)
## Garbage collection
A faulty garbage collection procedure has been the cause of
[critical bug #39](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/issues/39).
This precise bug was fixed in the code, however there are potentially more
general issues with the garbage collector being too eager and deleting things
too early. This has been the subject of
[PR #135](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/pulls/135).
This section summarizes the discussions on this topic.
Rationale: we want to ensure Garage's safety by making sure things don't get
deleted from disk if they are still needed. Two aspects are involved in this.
### 1. Garbage collection of table entries (in `meta/` directory)
The `Entry` trait used for table entries (defined in `tables/schema.rs`)
defines a function `is_tombstone()` that returns `true` if that entry
represents an entry that is deleted in the table. CRDT semantics by default
keep all tombstones, because they are necessary for reconciliation: if node A
has a tombstone that supersedes a value `x`, and node B has value `x`, A has to
keep the tombstone in memory so that the value `x` can be properly deleted at
node `B`. Otherwise, due to the CRDT reconciliation rule, the value `x` from B
would flow back to A and a deleted item would reappear in the system.
Here, we have some control on the nodes involved in storing Garage data.
Therefore we have a garbage collector that is able to delete tombstones UNDER
CERTAIN CONDITIONS. This garbage collector is implemented in `table/gc.rs`. To
delete a tombstone, the following condition has to be met:
- All nodes responsible for storing this entry are aware of the existence of
the tombstone, i.e. they cannot hold another version of the entry that is
superseeded by the tombstone. This ensures that deleting the tombstone is
safe and that no deleted value will come back in the system.
Garage makes use of Sled's atomic operations (such as compare-and-swap and
transactions) to ensure that only tombstones that have been correctly
propagated to other nodes are ever deleted from the local entry tree.
This GC is safe in the following sense: no non-tombstone data is ever deleted
from Garage tables.
**However**, there is an issue with the way this interacts with data
rebalancing in the case when a partition is moving between nodes. If a node has
some data of a partition for which it is not responsible, it has to offload it.
However that offload process takes some time. In that interval, the GC does not
check with that node if it has the tombstone before deleting the tombstone, so
perhaps it doesn't have it and when the offload finally happens, old data comes
back in the system.
**PR 135 mostly fixes this** by implementing a 24-hour delay before anything is
garbage collected in a table. This works under the assumption that rebalances
that follow data shuffling terminate in less than 24 hours.
**However**, in distributed systems, it is generally considered a bad practice
to make assumptions that information propagates in a certain time interval:
this consists in making a synchrony assumption, meaning that we are basically
assuming a computing model that has much stronger properties than otherwise. To
maximize the applicability of Garage, we would like to remove this assumption,
and implement a system where time does not play a role. To do this, we would
need to find a way to safely disable the GC when data is being shuffled around,
and safely detect that the shuffling has terminated and thus the GC can be
resumed. This introduces some complexity to the protocol and hasn't been
tackled yet.
### 2. Garbage collection of data blocks (in `data/` directory)
Blocks in the data directory are reference-counted. In Garage versions before
PR #135, blocks could get deleted from local disk as soon as their reference
counter reached zero. We had a mechanism to not trigger this immediately at the
rc-reaches-zero event, but the cleanup could be triggered by other means (for
example by a block repair operation...). PR #135 added a safety measure so that
blocks never get deleted in a 10 minute interval following the time when the RC
reaches zero. This is a measure to make impossible race conditions such as #39.
We would have liked to use a larger delay (e.g. 24 hours), but in the case of a
rebalance of data, this would have led to the disk utilization to explode
during the rebalancing, only to shrink again after 24 hours. The 10-minute
delay is a compromise that gives good security while not having this problem of
disk space explosion on rebalance.

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title = "Development"
weight = 6
sort_by = "weight"
template = "documentation.html"
+++
Now that you are a Garage expert, you want to enhance it, you are in the right place!
We discuss here how to hack on Garage, how we manage its development, etc.
## Rust API (docs.rs)
If you encounter a specific bug in Garage or plan to patch it, you may jump directly to the source code's documentation!
- [garage\_api](https://docs.rs/garage_api/latest/garage_api/) - contains the S3 standard API endpoint
- [garage\_model](https://docs.rs/garage_model/latest/garage_model/) - contains Garage's model built on the table abstraction
- [garage\_rpc](https://docs.rs/garage_rpc/latest/garage_rpc/) - contains Garage's federation protocol
- [garage\_table](https://docs.rs/garage_table/latest/garage_table/) - contains core Garage's CRDT datatypes
- [garage\_util](https://docs.rs/garage_util/latest/garage_util/) - contains garage helpers
- [garage\_web](https://docs.rs/garage_web/latest/garage_web/) - contains the S3 website endpoint

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title = "Setup your environment"
weight = 5
+++
Depending on your tastes, you can bootstrap your development environment in a traditional Rust way or through Nix.
## The Nix way
Nix is a generic package manager we use to precisely define our development environment.
Instructions on how to install it are given on their [Download page](https://nixos.org/download.html).
Check that your installation is working by running the following commands:
```
nix-shell --version
nix-build --version
nix-env --version
```
Now, you can clone our git repository (run `nix-env -iA git` if you do not have git yet):
```bash
git clone https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage
cd garage
```
*Optionnaly, you can use our nix.conf file to speed up compilations:*
```bash
sudo mkdir -p /etc/nix
sudo cp nix/nix.conf /etc/nix/nix.conf
sudo killall nix-daemon
```
Now you can enter our nix-shell, all the required packages will be downloaded but they will not pollute your environment outside of the shell:
```bash
nix-shell
```
You can use the traditionnal Rust development workflow:
```bash
cargo build # compile the project
cargo run # execute the project
cargo test # run the tests
cargo fmt # format the project, run it before any commit!
cargo clippy # run the linter, run it before any commit!
```
You can build the project with Nix by running:
```bash
nix-build
```
You can parallelize the build (if you use our nix.conf file, it is already automatically done).
To use all your cores when building a derivation use `-j`, and to build multiple derivations at once use `--max-jobs`.
The special value `auto` will be replaced by the number of cores of your computer.
An example:
```bash
nix-build -j $(nproc) --max-jobs auto
```
Our build has multiple parameters you might want to set:
- `release` build with release optimisations instead of debug
- `target allows` for cross compilation
- `compileMode` can be set to test or bench to build a unit test runner
- `git_version` to inject the hash to display when running `garage stats`
An example:
```bash
nix-build \
--arg release true \
--argstr target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl \
--argstr compileMode build \
--git_version $(git rev-parse HEAD)
```
*The result is located in `result/bin`. You can pass arguments to cross compile: check `.drone.yml` for examples.*
If you modify a `Cargo.toml` or regenerate any `Cargo.lock`, you must run `cargo2nix`:
```
cargo2nix -f
```
Many tools like rclone, `mc` (minio-client), or `aws` (awscliv2) will be available in your environment and will be useful to test Garage.
**This is the recommended method.**
## The Rust way
You need a Rust distribution installed on your computer.
The most simple way is to install it from [rustup](https://rustup.rs).
Please avoid using your package manager to install Rust as some tools might be outdated or missing.
Now, check your Rust distribution works by running the following commands:
```bash
rustc --version
cargo --version
rustfmt --version
clippy-driver --version
```
Now, you need to clone our git repository ([how to install git](https://git-scm.com/downloads)):
```bash
git clone https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage
cd garage
```
You can now use the following commands:
```bash
cargo build # compile the project
cargo run # execute the project
cargo test # run the tests
cargo fmt # format the project, run it before any commit!
cargo clippy # run the linter, run it before any commit!
```
This is specific to our project, but you will need one last tool, `cargo2nix`.
To install it, run:
```bash
cargo install --git https://github.com/superboum/cargo2nix --branch main cargo2nix
```
You must use it every time you modify a `Cargo.toml` or regenerate a `Cargo.lock` file as follow:
```bash
cargo build # Rebuild Cargo.lock if needed
cargo2nix -f
```
It will output a `Cargo.nix` file which is a specific `Cargo.lock` file dedicated to Nix that is required by our CI
which means you must include it in your commits.
Later, to use our scripts and integration tests, you might need additional tools.
These tools are listed at the end of the `shell.nix` package in the `nativeBuildInputs` part.
It is up to you to find a way to install the ones you need on your computer.
**A global drawback of this method is that it is up to you to adapt your environment to the one defined in the Nix files.**

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title = "Miscellaneous notes"
weight = 20
+++
## Quirks about cargo2nix/rust in Nix
If you use submodules in your crate (like `crdt` and `replication` in `garage_table`), you must list them in `default.nix`
The Windows target does not work. it might be solvable through [overrides](https://github.com/cargo2nix/cargo2nix/blob/master/overlay/overrides.nix). Indeed, we pass `x86_64-pc-windows-gnu` but mingw need `x86_64-w64-mingw32`
We have a simple [PR on cargo2nix](https://github.com/cargo2nix/cargo2nix/pull/201) that fixes critical bugs but the project does not seem very active currently. We must use [my patched version of cargo2nix](https://github.com/superboum/cargo2nix) to enable i686 and armv6l compilation. We might need to contribute to cargo2nix in the future.
## Nix
Nix has no armv7 + musl toolchains but armv7l is backward compatible with armv6l.
```bash
cat > $HOME/.awsrc <<EOF
export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID="xxx"
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY="xxx"
EOF
# source each time you want to send on the cache
source ~/.awsrc
# copy garage build dependencies (and not only the output)
nix-build
nix-store -qR --include-outputs $(nix-instantiate default.nix)
| xargs nix copy --to 's3://nix?endpoint=garage.deuxfleurs.fr&region=garage'
# copy shell dependencies
nix-build shell.nix -A inputDerivation
nix copy $(nix-store -qR result/) --to 's3://nix?endpoint=garage.deuxfleurs.fr&region=garage'
```
More example of nix-copy
```
# nix-build produces a result/ symlink
nix copy result/ --to 's3://nix?endpoint=garage.deuxfleurs.fr&region=garage'
# alternative ways to use nix copy
nix copy nixpkgs.garage --to ...
nix copy /nix/store/3rbb9qsc2w6xl5xccz5ncfhy33nzv3dp-crate-garage-0.3.0 --to ...
```
Clear the cache:
```bash
mc rm --recursive --force garage/nix/
```
---
A desirable `nix.conf` for a consumer:
```toml
substituters = https://cache.nixos.org https://nix.web.deuxfleurs.fr
trusted-public-keys = cache.nixos.org-1:6NCHdD59X431o0gWypbMrAURkbJ16ZPMQFGspcDShjY= nix.web.deuxfleurs.fr:eTGL6kvaQn6cDR/F9lDYUIP9nCVR/kkshYfLDJf1yKs=
```
And now, whenever you run a command like:
```
nix-shell
nix-build
```
Our cache will be checked.
### Some references about Nix
- https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/rustc/platform-support.html
- https://nix.dev/tutorials/cross-compilation
- https://nixos.org/manual/nix/unstable/package-management/s3-substituter.html
- https://fzakaria.com/2020/09/28/nix-copy-closure-your-nix-shell.html
- http://www.lpenz.org/articles/nixchannel/index.html
## Drone
Do not try to set a build as trusted from the interface or the CLI tool,
your request would be ignored. Instead, directly edit the database (table `repos`, column `repo_trusted`).
Drone can do parallelism both at the step and the pipeline level. At the step level, parallelism is restricted to the same runner.
## Building Docker containers
We were:
- Unable to use the official Docker plugin because
- it requires to mount docker socket in the container but it is not recommended
- you cant set the platform when building
- Unable to use buildah because it needs `CLONE_USERNS` capability
- Unable to use the kaniko plugin for Drone as we can't set the target platform
- Unable to use the kaniko container provided by Google as we can't run arbitrary logic: we need to put our secret in .docker/config.json.
Finally we chose to build kaniko through nix and use it in a `nix-shell`.

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Before releasing a new version of Garage, our code pass through a succession of checks and transformations.
We define them as our release process.
## Trigger and classify a release
While we run some tests on every commits, we do not make a release for all of them.
A release can be triggered manually by "promoting" a successful build.
Otherwise, every weeks, a release build is triggered on the `main` branch.
If the build is from a tag following the regex: `v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+`, it will be listed as stable.
If it is a tag but with a different format, it will be listed as Extra.
Otherwise, if it is a commit, it will be listed as development.
This logic is defined in `nix/build_index.nix`.
## Testing
For each commit, we first pass the code to a formatter (rustfmt) and a linter (clippy).
Then we try to build it in debug mode and run both unit tests and our integration tests.
Additionnaly, when releasing, our integration tests are run on the release build for amd64 and i686.
## Generated Artifacts
We generate the following binary artifacts for now:
- **architecture**: amd64, i686, aarch64, armv6
- **os**: linux
- **format**: static binary, docker container
Additionnaly we also build two web pages and one JSON document:
- the documentation (this website)
- [the release page](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/_releases.html)
- [the release list in JSON format](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/_releases.json)
We publish the static binaries on our own garage cluster (you can access them through the releases page)
and the docker containers on Docker Hub.
## Automation
We automated our release process with Nix and Drone to make it more reliable.
Here we describe how we have done in case you want to debug or improve it.
### Caching build steps
To speed up the CI, we use the caching feature provided by Nix.
You can benefit from it by using our provided `nix.conf` as recommended or by simply adding the following lines to your file:
```toml
substituters = https://cache.nixos.org https://nix.web.deuxfleurs.fr
trusted-public-keys = cache.nixos.org-1:6NCHdD59X431o0gWypbMrAURkbJ16ZPMQFGspcDShjY= nix.web.deuxfleurs.fr:eTGL6kvaQn6cDR/F9lDYUIP9nCVR/kkshYfLDJf1yKs=
```
Sending to the cache is done through `nix copy`, for example:
```bash
nix copy --to 's3://nix?endpoint=garage.deuxfleurs.fr&region=garage&secret-key=/etc/nix/signing-key.sec' result
```
*Note that you need the signing key. In our case, it is stored as a secret in Drone.*
The previous command will only send the built packet and not its dependencies.
To send its dependency, a tool named `nix-copy-closure` has been created but it is not compatible with the S3 protocol.
Instead, you can use the following commands to list all the runtime dependencies:
```bash
nix copy \
--to 's3://nix?endpoint=garage.deuxfleurs.fr&region=garage&secret-key=/etc/nix/signing-key.sec' \
$(nix-store -qR result/)
```
*We could also write this expression with xargs but this tool is not available in our container.*
But in certain cases, we want to cache compile time dependencies also.
For example, the Nix project does not provide binaries for cross compiling to i686 and thus we need to compile gcc on our own.
We do not want to compile gcc each time, so even if it is a compile time dependency, we want to cache it.
This time, the command is a bit more involved:
```bash
nix copy --to \
's3://nix?endpoint=garage.deuxfleurs.fr&region=garage&secret-key=/etc/nix/signing-key.sec' \
$(nix-store -qR --include-outputs \
$(nix-instantiate))
```
This is the command we use in our CI as we expect the final binary to change, so we mainly focus on
caching our development dependencies.
*Currently there is no automatic garbage collection of the cache: we should monitor its growth.
Hopefully, we can erase it totally without breaking any build, the next build will only be slower.*
In practise, we concluded that we do not want to cache all the compilation dependencies.
Instead, we want to cache the toolchain we use to build Garage each time we change it.
So we removed from Drone any automatic update of the cache and instead handle them manually with:
```
source ~/.awsrc
nix-shell --run 'refresh_toolchain'
```
Internally, it will run `nix-build` on `nix/toolchain.nix` and send the output plus its depedencies to the cache.
To erase the cache:
```
mc rm --recursive --force 'garage/nix/'
```
### Publishing Garage
We defined our publishing logic in Nix, mostly as shell hooks.
You can inspect them in `shell.nix` to see exactly how.
Here, we will give a quick explanation on how to use them to manually publish a release.
Supposing you just have built garage as follow:
```bash
nix-build --arg release true
```
To publish a static binary in `result/bin` on garagehq, run:
```bash
export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=xxx
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=xxx
export DRONE_TAG=handcrafted-1.0.0 # or DRONE_COMMIT
export TARGET=x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
nix-shell --run to_s3
```
To create and publish a docker container, run:
```bash
export DOCKER_AUTH='{ "auths": { "https://index.docker.io/v1/": { "auth": "xxxx" }}}'
export DOCKER_PLATFORM='linux/amd64' # check GOARCH and GOOS from golang.org
export CONTAINER_NAME='me/amd64_garage'
export CONTAINER_TAG='handcrafted-1.0.0'
nix-shell --run to_docker
```
To rebuild the release page, run:
```bash
export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=xxx
export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=xxx
nix-shell --run refresh_index
```
If you want to compile for different architectures, you will need to repeat all these commands for each architecture.
**In practise, and except for debugging, you will never directly run these commands. Release is handled by drone**
### Drone
Our instance is available at [https://drone.deuxfleurs.fr](https://drone.deuxfleurs.fr).
You need an account on [https://git.deuxfleurs.fr](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr) to use it.
**Drone CLI** - Drone has a CLI tool to interact with.
It can be downloaded from its Github [release page](https://github.com/drone/drone-cli/releases).
To communicate with our instance, you must setup some environment variables.
You can get them from your [Account Settings](https://drone.deuxfleurs.fr/account).
To make drone easier to use, you could create a `~/.dronerc` that you could source each time you want to use it.
```
export DRONE_SERVER=https://drone.deuxfleurs.fr
export DRONE_TOKEN=xxx
drone info
```
The CLI tool is very self-discoverable, just append `--help` to each subcommands.
Start with:
```bash
drone --help
```
**.drone.yml** - The builds steps are defined in `.drone.yml`.
You can not edit this file without resigning it.
To sign it, you must be a maintainer and then run:
```bash
drone sign --save Deuxfleurs/garage
```
Looking at the file, you will see that most of the commands are `nix-shell` and `nix-build` commands with various parameters.

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We maintain a `script/` folder that contains some useful script to ease testing on Garage.
A fully integrated script, `test-smoke.sh`, runs some basic tests on various tools such as minio client, awscli and rclone.
To run it, enter a `nix-shell` (or install all required tools) and simply run:
```bash
nix-build # or cargo build
./script/test-smoke.sh
```
If something fails, you can find useful logs in `/tmp/garage.log`.
You can inspect the generated configuration and local data created by inspecting your `/tmp` directory:
the script creates files and folder prefixed with the name "garage".
## Bootstrapping a test cluster
Under the hood `test-smoke.sh` uses multiple helpers scripts you can also run in case you want to manually test Garage.
In this section, we introduce 3 scripts to quickly bootstrap a full test cluster with 3 instances.
### 1. Start each daemon
```bash
./script/dev-cluster.sh
```
This script spawns 3 Garage instances with 3 configuration files.
You can inspect the detailed configuration, including ports, by inspecting `/tmp/config.1` (change 1 by the instance number you want).
This script also spawns a simple HTTPS reverse proxy through `socat` for the S3 endpoint that listens on port `4443`.
Some libraries might require a TLS endpoint to work, refer to our issue [#64](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/issues/64) for more detailed information on this subject.
This script covers the [Launching the garage server](@/documentation/quick-start/_index.md#launching-the-garage-server) section of our Quick start page.
### 2. Make them join the cluster
```bash
./script/dev-configure.sh
```
This script will configure each instance by assigning them a zone (`dc1`) and a weight (`1`).
This script covers the [Creating a cluster layout](@/documentation/quick-start/_index.md#creating-a-cluster-layout) section of our Quick start page.
### 3. Create a key and a bucket
```bash
./script/dev-bucket.sh
```
This script will create a bucket named `eprouvette` with a key having read and write rights on this bucket.
The key is stored in a filed named `/tmp/garage.s3` and can be used by the following tools to pre-configure them.
This script covers the [Creating buckets and keys](@/documentation/quick-start/_index.md#creating-buckets-and-keys) section of our Quick start page.
## Handlers for generic tools
We provide wrappers for some CLI tools that configure themselves for your development cluster.
They are meant to save you some configuration time as to use them, you are only required to source the right file.
### awscli
```bash
source ./script/dev-env-aws.sh
# some examples
aws s3 ls s3://eprouvette
aws s3 cp /proc/cpuinfo s3://eprouvette/cpuinfo.txt
```
### minio-client
```bash
source ./script/dev-env-mc.sh
# some examples
mc ls garage/
mc cp /proc/cpuinfo garage/eprouvette/cpuinfo.txt
```
### rclone
```bash
source ./script/dev-env-rclone.sh
# some examples
rclone lsd garage:
rclone copy /proc/cpuinfo garage:eprouvette/cpuinfo.txt
```
### s3cmd
```bash
source ./script/dev-env-s3cmd.sh
# some examples
s3cmd ls
s3cmd put /proc/cpuinfo s3://eprouvette/cpuinfo.txt
```
### duck
*Warning! Duck is not yet provided by nix-shell.*
```bash
source ./script/dev-env-duck.sh
# some examples
duck --list garage:/
duck --upload garage:/eprouvette/ /proc/cpuinfo
```

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title = "Quick Start"
weight = 0
sort_by = "weight"
template = "documentation.html"
+++
Let's start your Garage journey!
In this chapter, we explain how to deploy Garage as a single-node server
and how to interact with it.
Our goal is to introduce you to Garage's workflows.
Following this guide is recommended before moving on to
[configuring a multi-node cluster](@/documentation/cookbook/real-world.md).
Note that this kind of deployment should not be used in production,
as it provides no redundancy for your data!
## Get a binary
Download the latest Garage binary from the release pages on our repository:
<https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/download/>
Place this binary somewhere in your `$PATH` so that you can invoke the `garage`
command directly (for instance you can copy the binary in `/usr/local/bin`
or in `~/.local/bin`).
If a binary of the last version is not available for your architecture,
or if you want a build customized for your system,
you can [build Garage from source](@/documentation/cookbook/from-source.md).
## Configuring and starting Garage
### Writing a first configuration file
This first configuration file should allow you to get started easily with the simplest
possible Garage deployment.
**Save it as `/etc/garage.toml`.**
You can also store it somewhere else, but you will have to specify `-c path/to/garage.toml`
at each invocation of the `garage` binary (for example: `garage -c ./garage.toml server`, `garage -c ./garage.toml status`).
```toml
metadata_dir = "/tmp/meta"
data_dir = "/tmp/data"
replication_mode = "none"
rpc_bind_addr = "[::]:3901"
rpc_public_addr = "127.0.0.1:3901"
rpc_secret = "1799bccfd7411eddcf9ebd316bc1f5287ad12a68094e1c6ac6abde7e6feae1ec"
bootstrap_peers = []
[s3_api]
s3_region = "garage"
api_bind_addr = "[::]:3900"
root_domain = ".s3.garage.localhost"
[s3_web]
bind_addr = "[::]:3902"
root_domain = ".web.garage.localhost"
index = "index.html"
```
The `rpc_secret` value provided above is just an example. It will work, but in
order to secure your cluster you will need to use another one. You can generate
such a value with `openssl rand -hex 32`.
As you can see in the `metadata_dir` and `data_dir` parameters, we are saving Garage's data
in `/tmp` which gets erased when your system reboots. This means that data stored on this
Garage server will not be persistent. Change these to locations on your local disk if you want
your data to be persisted properly.
### Launching the Garage server
Use the following command to launch the Garage server with our configuration file:
```
garage server
```
You can tune Garage's verbosity as follows (from less verbose to more verbose):
```
RUST_LOG=garage=info garage server
RUST_LOG=garage=debug garage server
RUST_LOG=garage=trace garage server
```
Log level `info` is the default value and is recommended for most use cases.
Log level `debug` can help you check why your S3 API calls are not working.
### Checking that Garage runs correctly
The `garage` utility is also used as a CLI tool to configure your Garage deployment.
It uses values from the TOML configuration file to find the Garage daemon running on the
local node, therefore if your configuration file is not at `/etc/garage.toml` you will
again have to specify `-c path/to/garage.toml`.
If the `garage` CLI is able to correctly detect the parameters of your local Garage node,
the following command should be enough to show the status of your cluster:
```
garage status
```
This should show something like this:
```
==== HEALTHY NODES ====
ID Hostname Address Tag Zone Capacity
563e1ac825ee3323… linuxbox 127.0.0.1:3901 NO ROLE ASSIGNED
```
## Creating a cluster layout
Creating a cluster layout for a Garage deployment means informing Garage
of the disk space available on each node of the cluster
as well as the zone (e.g. datacenter) each machine is located in.
For our test deployment, we are using only one node. The way in which we configure
it does not matter, you can simply write:
```bash
garage layout assign -z dc1 -c 1 <node_id>
```
where `<node_id>` corresponds to the identifier of the node shown by `garage status` (first column).
You can enter simply a prefix of that identifier.
For instance here you could write just `garage layout assign -z dc1 -c 1 563e`.
The layout then has to be applied to the cluster, using:
```bash
garage layout apply
```
## Creating buckets and keys
In this section, we will suppose that we want to create a bucket named `nextcloud-bucket`
that will be accessed through a key named `nextcloud-app-key`.
Don't forget that `help` command and `--help` subcommands can help you anywhere,
the CLI tool is self-documented! Two examples:
```
garage help
garage bucket allow --help
```
### Create a bucket
Let's take an example where we want to deploy NextCloud using Garage as the
main data storage.
First, create a bucket with the following command:
```
garage bucket create nextcloud-bucket
```
Check that everything went well:
```
garage bucket list
garage bucket info nextcloud-bucket
```
### Create an API key
The `nextcloud-bucket` bucket now exists on the Garage server,
however it cannot be accessed until we add an API key with the proper access rights.
Note that API keys are independent of buckets:
one key can access multiple buckets, multiple keys can access one bucket.
Create an API key using the following command:
```
garage key new --name nextcloud-app-key
```
The output should look as follows:
```
Key name: nextcloud-app-key
Key ID: GK3515373e4c851ebaad366558
Secret key: 7d37d093435a41f2aab8f13c19ba067d9776c90215f56614adad6ece597dbb34
Authorized buckets:
```
Check that everything works as intended:
```
garage key list
garage key info nextcloud-app-key
```
### Allow a key to access a bucket
Now that we have a bucket and a key, we need to give permissions to the key on the bucket:
```
garage bucket allow \
--read \
--write \
nextcloud-bucket \
--key nextcloud-app-key
```
You can check at any time the allowed keys on your bucket with:
```
garage bucket info nextcloud-bucket
```
## Uploading and downlading from Garage
We recommend the use of MinIO Client to interact with Garage files (`mc`).
Instructions to install it and use it are provided on the
[MinIO website](https://docs.min.io/docs/minio-client-quickstart-guide.html).
Before reading the following, you need a working `mc` command on your path.
Note that on certain Linux distributions such as Arch Linux, the Minio client binary
is called `mcli` instead of `mc` (to avoid name clashes with the Midnight Commander).
### Configure `mc`
You need your access key and secret key created above.
We will assume you are invoking `mc` on the same machine as the Garage server,
your S3 API endpoint is therefore `http://127.0.0.1:3900`.
For this whole configuration, you must set an alias name: we chose `my-garage`, that you will used for all commands.
Adapt the following command accordingly and run it:
```bash
mc alias set \
my-garage \
http://127.0.0.1:3900 \
<access key> \
<secret key> \
--api S3v4
```
You must also add an environment variable to your configuration to
inform MinIO of our region (`garage` by default, corresponding to the `s3_region` parameter
in the configuration file).
The best way is to add the following snippet to your `$HOME/.bash_profile`
or `$HOME/.bashrc` file:
```bash
export MC_REGION=garage
```
### Use `mc`
You can not list buckets from `mc` currently.
But the following commands and many more should work:
```bash
mc cp image.png my-garage/nextcloud-bucket
mc cp my-garage/nextcloud-bucket/image.png .
mc ls my-garage/nextcloud-bucket
mc mirror localdir/ my-garage/another-bucket
```
### Other tools for interacting with Garage
The following tools can also be used to send and recieve files from/to Garage:
- the [AWS CLI](https://aws.amazon.com/cli/)
- [`rclone`](https://rclone.org/)
- [Cyberduck](https://cyberduck.io/)
- [`s3cmd`](https://s3tools.org/s3cmd)
Refer to the ["Integrations" section](@/documentation/connect/_index.md) to learn how to
configure application and command line utilities to integrate with Garage.

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The Garage CLI is mostly self-documented. Make use of the `help` subcommand
and the `--help` flag to discover all available options.

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title = "Configuration file format"
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Here is an example `garage.toml` configuration file that illustrates all of the possible options:
```toml
metadata_dir = "/var/lib/garage/meta"
data_dir = "/var/lib/garage/data"
block_size = 1048576
replication_mode = "3"
compression_level = 1
rpc_secret = "4425f5c26c5e11581d3223904324dcb5b5d5dfb14e5e7f35e38c595424f5f1e6"
rpc_bind_addr = "[::]:3901"
rpc_public_addr = "[fc00:1::1]:3901"
bootstrap_peers = [
"563e1ac825ee3323aa441e72c26d1030d6d4414aeb3dd25287c531e7fc2bc95d@[fc00:1::1]:3901",
"86f0f26ae4afbd59aaf9cfb059eefac844951efd5b8caeec0d53f4ed6c85f332[fc00:1::2]:3901",
"681456ab91350f92242e80a531a3ec9392cb7c974f72640112f90a600d7921a4@[fc00:B::1]:3901",
"212fd62eeaca72c122b45a7f4fa0f55e012aa5e24ac384a72a3016413fa724ff@[fc00:F::1]:3901",
]
consul_host = "consul.service"
consul_service_name = "garage-daemon"
kubernetes_namespace = "garage"
kubernetes_service_name = "garage-daemon"
kubernetes_skip_crd = false
sled_cache_capacity = 134217728
sled_flush_every_ms = 2000
[s3_api]
api_bind_addr = "[::]:3900"
s3_region = "garage"
root_domain = ".s3.garage"
[s3_web]
bind_addr = "[::]:3902"
root_domain = ".web.garage"
[admin]
api_bind_addr = "0.0.0.0:3903"
trace_sink = "http://localhost:4317"
```
The following gives details about each available configuration option.
## Available configuration options
### `metadata_dir`
The directory in which Garage will store its metadata. This contains the node identifier,
the network configuration and the peer list, the list of buckets and keys as well
as the index of all objects, object version and object blocks.
Store this folder on a fast SSD drive if possible to maximize Garage's performance.
### `data_dir`
The directory in which Garage will store the data blocks of objects.
This folder can be placed on an HDD. The space available for `data_dir`
should be counted to determine a node's capacity
when [adding it to the cluster layout](@/documentation/cookbook/real-world.md).
### `block_size`
Garage splits stored objects in consecutive chunks of size `block_size`
(except the last one which might be smaller). The default size is 1MB and
should work in most cases. We recommend increasing it to e.g. 10MB if
you are using Garage to store large files and have fast network connections
between all nodes (e.g. 1gbps).
If you are interested in tuning this, feel free to do so (and remember to
report your findings to us!). When this value is changed for a running Garage
installation, only files newly uploaded will be affected. Previously uploaded
files will remain available. This however means that chunks from existing files
will not be deduplicated with chunks from newly uploaded files, meaning you
might use more storage space that is optimally possible.
### `replication_mode`
Garage supports the following replication modes:
- `none` or `1`: data stored on Garage is stored on a single node. There is no
redundancy, and data will be unavailable as soon as one node fails or its
network is disconnected. Do not use this for anything else than test
deployments.
- `2`: data stored on Garage will be stored on two different nodes, if possible
in different zones. Garage tolerates one node failure, or several nodes
failing but all in a single zone (in a deployment with at least two zones),
before losing data. Data remains available in read-only mode when one node is
down, but write operations will fail.
- `2-dangerous`: a variant of mode `2`, where written objects are written to
the second replica asynchronously. This means that Garage will return `200
OK` to a PutObject request before the second copy is fully written (or even
before it even starts being written). This means that data can more easily
be lost if the node crashes before a second copy can be completed. This
also means that written objects might not be visible immediately in read
operations. In other words, this mode severely breaks the consistency and
durability guarantees of standard Garage cluster operation. Benefits of
this mode: you can still write to your cluster when one node is
unavailable.
- `3`: data stored on Garage will be stored on three different nodes, if
possible each in a different zones. Garage tolerates two node failure, or
several node failures but in no more than two zones (in a deployment with at
least three zones), before losing data. As long as only a single node fails,
or node failures are only in a single zone, reading and writing data to
Garage can continue normally.
- `3-degraded`: a variant of replication mode `3`, that lowers the read
quorum to `1`, to allow you to read data from your cluster when several
nodes (or nodes in several zones) are unavailable. In this mode, Garage
does not provide read-after-write consistency anymore. The write quorum is
still 2, ensuring that data successfully written to Garage is stored on at
least two nodes.
- `3-dangerous`: a variant of replication mode `3` that lowers both the read
and write quorums to `1`, to allow you to both read and write to your
cluster when several nodes (or nodes in several zones) are unavailable. It
is the least consistent mode of operation proposed by Garage, and also one
that should probably never be used.
Note that in modes `2` and `3`,
if at least the same number of zones are available, an arbitrary number of failures in
any given zone is tolerated as copies of data will be spread over several zones.
**Make sure `replication_mode` is the same in the configuration files of all nodes.
Never run a Garage cluster where that is not the case.**
The quorums associated with each replication mode are described below:
| `replication_mode` | Number of replicas | Write quorum | Read quorum | Read-after-write consistency? |
| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------ | ----------- | ----------------------------- |
| `none` or `1` | 1 | 1 | 1 | yes |
| `2` | 2 | 2 | 1 | yes |
| `2-dangerous` | 2 | 1 | 1 | NO |
| `3` | 3 | 2 | 2 | yes |
| `3-degraded` | 3 | 2 | 1 | NO |
| `3-dangerous` | 3 | 1 | 1 | NO |
Changing the `replication_mode` between modes with the same number of replicas
(e.g. from `3` to `3-degraded`, or from `2-dangerous` to `2`), can be done easily by
just changing the `replication_mode` parameter in your config files and restarting all your
Garage nodes.
It is also technically possible to change the replication mode to a mode with a
different numbers of replicas, although it's a dangerous operation that is not
officially supported. This requires you to delete the existing cluster layout
and create a new layout from scratch, meaning that a full rebalancing of your
cluster's data will be needed. To do it, shut down your cluster entirely,
delete the `custer_layout` files in the meta directories of all your nodes,
update all your configuration files with the new `replication_mode` parameter,
restart your cluster, and then create a new layout with all the nodes you want
to keep. Rebalancing data will take some time, and data might temporarily
appear unavailable to your users. It is recommended to shut down public access
to the cluster while rebalancing is in progress. In theory, no data should be
lost as rebalancing is a routine operation for Garage, although we cannot
guarantee you that everything will go right in such an extreme scenario.
### `compression_level`
Zstd compression level to use for storing blocks.
Values between `1` (faster compression) and `19` (smaller file) are standard compression
levels for zstd. From `20` to `22`, compression levels are referred as "ultra" and must be
used with extra care as it will use lot of memory. A value of `0` will let zstd choose a
default value (currently `3`). Finally, zstd has also compression designed to be faster
than default compression levels, they range from `-1` (smaller file) to `-99` (faster
compression).
If you do not specify a `compression_level` entry, Garage will set it to `1` for you. With
this parameters, zstd consumes low amount of cpu and should work faster than line speed in
most situations, while saving some space and intra-cluster
bandwidth.
If you want to totally deactivate zstd in Garage, you can pass the special value `'none'`. No
zstd related code will be called, your chunks will be stored on disk without any processing.
Compression is done synchronously, setting a value too high will add latency to write queries.
This value can be different between nodes, compression is done by the node which receive the
API call.
### `rpc_secret`
Garage uses a secret key that is shared between all nodes of the cluster
in order to identify these nodes and allow them to communicate together.
This key should be specified here in the form of a 32-byte hex-encoded
random string. Such a string can be generated with a command
such as `openssl rand -hex 32`.
### `rpc_bind_addr`
The address and port on which to bind for inter-cluster communcations
(reffered to as RPC for remote procedure calls).
The port specified here should be the same one that other nodes will used to contact
the node, even in the case of a NAT: the NAT should be configured to forward the external
port number to the same internal port nubmer. This means that if you have several nodes running
behind a NAT, they should each use a different RPC port number.
### `rpc_public_addr`
The address and port that other nodes need to use to contact this node for
RPC calls. **This parameter is optional but recommended.** In case you have
a NAT that binds the RPC port to a port that is different on your public IP,
this field might help making it work.
### `bootstrap_peers`
A list of peer identifiers on which to contact other Garage peers of this cluster.
These peer identifiers have the following syntax:
```
<node public key>@<node public IP or hostname>:<port>
```
In the case where `rpc_public_addr` is correctly specified in the
configuration file, the full identifier of a node including IP and port can
be obtained by running `garage node id` and then included directly in the
`bootstrap_peers` list of other nodes. Otherwise, only the node's public
key will be returned by `garage node id` and you will have to add the IP
yourself.
### `consul_host` and `consul_service_name`
Garage supports discovering other nodes of the cluster using Consul. For this
to work correctly, nodes need to know their IP address by which they can be
reached by other nodes of the cluster, which should be set in `rpc_public_addr`.
The `consul_host` parameter should be set to the hostname of the Consul server,
and `consul_service_name` should be set to the service name under which Garage's
RPC ports are announced.
Garage does not yet support talking to Consul over TLS.
### `kubernetes_namespace`, `kubernetes_service_name` and `kubernetes_skip_crd`
Garage supports discovering other nodes of the cluster using kubernetes custom
resources. For this to work `kubernetes_namespace` and `kubernetes_service_name`
need to be configured.
`kubernetes_namespace` sets the namespace in which the custom resources are
configured. `kubernetes_service_name` is added as a label to these resources to
filter them, to allow for multiple deployments in a single namespace.
`kubernetes_skip_crd` can be set to true to disable the automatic creation and
patching of the `garagenodes.deuxfleurs.fr` CRD. You will need to create the CRD
manually.
### `sled_cache_capacity`
This parameter can be used to tune the capacity of the cache used by
[sled](https://sled.rs), the database Garage uses internally to store metadata.
Tune this to fit the RAM you wish to make available to your Garage instance.
This value has a conservative default (128MB) so that Garage doesn't use too much
RAM by default, but feel free to increase this for higher performance.
### `sled_flush_every_ms`
This parameters can be used to tune the flushing interval of sled.
Increase this if sled is thrashing your SSD, at the risk of losing more data in case
of a power outage (though this should not matter much as data is replicated on other
nodes). The default value, 2000ms, should be appropriate for most use cases.
## The `[s3_api]` section
### `api_bind_addr`
The IP and port on which to bind for accepting S3 API calls.
This endpoint does not suport TLS: a reverse proxy should be used to provide it.
### `s3_region`
Garage will accept S3 API calls that are targetted to the S3 region defined here.
API calls targetted to other regions will fail with a AuthorizationHeaderMalformed error
message that redirects the client to the correct region.
### `root_domain` {#root_domain}
The optionnal suffix to access bucket using vhost-style in addition to path-style request.
Note path-style requests are always enabled, whether or not vhost-style is configured.
Configuring vhost-style S3 required a wildcard DNS entry, and possibly a wildcard TLS certificate,
but might be required by softwares not supporting path-style requests.
If `root_domain` is `s3.garage.eu`, a bucket called `my-bucket` can be interacted with
using the hostname `my-bucket.s3.garage.eu`.
## The `[s3_web]` section
Garage allows to publish content of buckets as websites. This section configures the
behaviour of this module.
### `bind_addr`
The IP and port on which to bind for accepting HTTP requests to buckets configured
for website access.
This endpoint does not suport TLS: a reverse proxy should be used to provide it.
### `root_domain`
The optionnal suffix appended to bucket names for the corresponding HTTP Host.
For instance, if `root_domain` is `web.garage.eu`, a bucket called `deuxfleurs.fr`
will be accessible either with hostname `deuxfleurs.fr.web.garage.eu`
or with hostname `deuxfleurs.fr`.
## The `[admin]` section
Garage has a few administration capabilities, in particular to allow remote monitoring. These features are detailed below.
### `api_bind_addr`
If specified, Garage will bind an HTTP server to this port and address, on
which it will listen to requests for administration features. Currently,
this endpoint only exposes Garage metrics in the Prometheus format at
`/metrics`. This endpoint is not authenticated. In the future, bucket and
access key management might be possible by REST calls to this endpoint.
### `trace_sink`
Optionnally, the address of an Opentelemetry collector. If specified,
Garage will send traces in the Opentelemetry format to this endpoint. These
trace allow to inspect Garage's operation when it handles S3 API requests.

View file

@ -1,77 +0,0 @@
+++
title = "Cluster layout management"
weight = 10
+++
The cluster layout in Garage is a table that assigns to each node a role in
the cluster. The role of a node in Garage can either be a storage node with
a certain capacity, or a gateway node that does not store data and is only
used as an API entry point for faster cluster access.
An introduction to building cluster layouts can be found in the [production deployment](@/documentation/cookbook/real-world.md) page.
## How cluster layouts work in Garage
In Garage, a cluster layout is composed of the following components:
- a table of roles assigned to nodes
- a version number
Garage nodes will always use the cluster layout with the highest version number.
Garage nodes also maintain and synchronize between them a set of proposed role
changes that haven't yet been applied. These changes will be applied (or
canceled) in the next version of the layout
The following commands insert modifications to the set of proposed role changes
for the next layout version (but they do not create the new layout immediately):
```bash
garage layout assign [...]
garage layout remove [...]
```
The following command can be used to inspect the layout that is currently set in the cluster
and the changes proposed for the next layout version, if any:
```bash
garage layout show
```
The following commands create a new layout with the specified version number,
that either takes into account the proposed changes or cancels them:
```bash
garage layout apply --version <new_version_number>
garage layout revert --version <new_version_number>
```
The version number of the new layout to create must be 1 + the version number
of the previous layout that existed in the cluster. The `apply` and `revert`
commands will fail otherwise.
## Warnings about Garage cluster layout management
**Warning: never make several calls to `garage layout apply` or `garage layout
revert` with the same value of the `--version` flag. Doing so can lead to the
creation of several different layouts with the same version number, in which
case your Garage cluster will become inconsistent until fixed.** If a call to
`garage layout apply` or `garage layout revert` has failed and `garage layout
show` indicates that a new layout with the given version number has not been
set in the cluster, then it is fine to call the command again with the same
version number.
If you are using the `garage` CLI by typing individual commands in your
shell, you shouldn't have much issues as long as you run commands one after
the other and take care of checking the output of `garage layout show`
before applying any changes.
If you are using the `garage` CLI to script layout changes, follow the following recommendations:
- Make all of your `garage` CLI calls to the same RPC host. Do not use the
`garage` CLI to connect to individual nodes to send them each a piece of the
layout changes you are making, as the changes propagate asynchronously
between nodes and might not all be taken into account at the time when the
new layout is applied.
- **Only call `garage layout apply` once**, and call it **strictly after** all
of the `layout assign` and `layout remove` commands have returned.

View file

@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
+++
title = "Request routing logic"
weight = 10
+++
Data retrieval requests to Garage endpoints (S3 API and websites) are resolved
to an individual object in a bucket. Since objects are replicated to multiple nodes
Garage must ensure consistency before answering the request.
## Using quorum to ensure consistency
Garage ensures consistency by attempting to establish a quorum with the
data nodes responsible for the object. When a majority of the data nodes
have provided metadata on a object Garage can then answer the request.
When a request arrives Garage will, assuming the recommended 3 replicas, perform the following actions:
- Make a request to the two preferred nodes for object metadata
- Try the third node if one of the two initial requests fail
- Check that the metadata from at least 2 nodes match
- Check that the object hasn't been marked deleted
- Answer the request with inline data from metadata if object is small enough
- Or get data blocks from the preferred nodes and answer using the assembled object
Garage dynamically determines which nodes to query based on health, preference, and
which nodes actually host a given data. Garage has no concept of "primary" so any
healthy node with the data can be used as long as a quorum is reached for the metadata.
## Node health
Garage keeps a TCP session open to each node in the cluster and periodically pings them. If a connection
cannot be established, or a node fails to answer a number of pings, the target node is marked as failed.
Failed nodes are not used for quorum or other internal requests.
## Node preference
Garage prioritizes which nodes to query according to a few criteria:
- A node always prefers itself if it can answer the request
- Then the node prioritizes nodes in the same zone
- Finally the nodes with the lowest latency are prioritized
For further reading on the cluster structure look at the [gateway](@/documentation/cookbook/gateways.md)
and [cluster layout management](@/documentation/reference-manual/layout.md) pages.

View file

@ -1,205 +0,0 @@
+++
title = "S3 Compatibility status"
weight = 20
+++
## Endpoint implementation
All APIs that are missing on Garage will return a 501 Not Implemented.
Some `x-amz-` headers are not implemented.
*The compatibility list for other platforms is given only for information purposes and based on available documentation. Some entries might be inexact. Feel free to open a PR to fix this table. Minio is missing because they do not provide a public S3 compatibility list.*
### Features
| Feature | Garage | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
|------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
| [signature v2](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/signature-version-2.html) (deprecated) | ❌ Missing | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ |
| [signature v4](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/sig-v4-authenticating-requests.html) | ✅ Implemented | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ |
| [URL path-style](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/VirtualHosting.html#path-style-access) (eg. `host.tld/bucket/key`) | ✅ Implemented | ✅ | ✅ | ❓| ✅ |
| [URL vhost-style](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/VirtualHosting.html#virtual-hosted-style-access) URL (eg. `bucket.host.tld/key`) | ✅ Implemented | ❌| ✅| ✅ | ✅ |
| [Presigned URLs](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/ShareObjectPreSignedURL.html) | ✅ Implemented | ❌| ✅ | ✅ | ✅(❓) |
*Note:* OpenIO does not says if it supports presigned URLs. Because it is part of signature v4 and they claim they support it without additional precisions, we suppose that OpenIO supports presigned URLs.
### Core endoints
| Endpoint | Garage | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
|------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
| [CreateBucket](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_CreateBucket.html) | ✅ Implemented | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| [DeleteBucket](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucket.html) | ✅ Implemented | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| [GetBucketLocation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketLocation.html) | ✅ Implemented | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ |
| [HeadBucket](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_HeadBucket.html) | ✅ Implemented | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| [ListBuckets](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_ListBuckets.html) | ✅ Implemented | ❌| ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| [HeadObject](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_HeadObject.html) | ✅ Implemented | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| [CopyObject](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_CopyObject.html) | ✅ Implemented | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| [DeleteObject](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteObject.html) | ✅ Implemented | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| [DeleteObjects](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteObjects.html) | ✅ Implemented | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| [GetObject](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetObject.html) | ✅ Implemented | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| [ListObjects](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_ListObjects.html) | ✅ Implemented (see details below) | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌|
| [ListObjectsV2](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_ListObjectsV2.html) | ✅ Implemented | ❌| ❌| ❌| ✅ |
| [PostObject](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/RESTObjectPOST.html) (compatibility API) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
| [PutObject](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutObject.html) | ✅ Implemented | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
**ListObjects:** Implemented, but there isn't a very good specification of what `encoding-type=url` covers so there might be some encoding bugs. In our implementation the url-encoded fields are in the same in ListObjects as they are in ListObjectsV2.
*Note: Ceph API documentation is incomplete and miss at least HeadBucket and UploadPartCopy, but these endpoints are documented in [Red Hat Ceph Storage - Chapter 2. Ceph Object Gateway and the S3 API](https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_ceph_storage/4/html/developer_guide/ceph-object-gateway-and-the-s3-api)*
### Multipart Upload endpoints
| Endpoint | Garage | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
|------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
| [AbortMultipartUpload](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_AbortMultipartUpload.html) | ✅ Implemented | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| [CompleteMultipartUpload](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_CompleteMultipartUpload.html) | ✅ Implemented (see details below) | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| [CreateMultipartUpload](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_CreateMultipartUpload.html) | ✅ Implemented | ✅| ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| [ListMultipartUpload](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_ListMultipartUpload.html) | ✅ Implemented | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| [ListParts](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_ListParts.html) | ✅ Implemented | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| [UploadPart](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_UploadPart.html) | ✅ Implemented (see details below) | ✅ | ✅| ✅ | ✅ |
| [UploadPartCopy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_UploadPartCopy.html) | ✅ Implemented | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
Our implementation of Multipart Upload is currently a bit more restrictive than Amazon's one in some edge cases.
For more information, please refer to our [issue tracker](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/issues/204).
### Website endpoints
| Endpoint | Garage | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
|------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
| [DeleteBucketWebsite](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketWebsite.html) | ✅ Implemented | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [GetBucketWebsite](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketWebsite.html) | ✅ Implemented | ❌ | ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [PutBucketWebsite](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketWebsite.html) | ⚠ Partially implemented (see below)| ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [DeleteBucketCors](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketCors.html) | ✅ Implemented | ❌| ❌| ❌| ✅ |
| [GetBucketCors](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketCors.html) | ✅ Implemented | ❌ | ❌| ❌| ✅ |
| [PutBucketCors](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketCors.html) | ✅ Implemented | ❌| ❌| ❌| ✅ |
**PutBucketWebsite:** Implemented, but only stores the index document suffix and the error document path. Redirects are not supported.
*Note: Ceph radosgw has some support for static websites but it is different from Amazon one plus it does not implement its configuration endpoints.*
### ACL, Policies endpoints
Amazon has 2 access control mechanisms in S3: ACL (legacy) and policies (new one).
Garage implements none of them, and has its own system instead, built around a per-access-key-per-bucket logic.
See Garage CLI reference manual to learn how to use Garage's permission system.
| Endpoint | Garage | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
|------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
| [DeleteBucketPolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketPolicy.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ✅ | ❌|
| [GetBucketPolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketPolicy.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ⚠ | ❌|
| [GetBucketPolicyStatus](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketPolicyStatus.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [PutBucketPolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketPolicy.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ⚠ | ❌|
| [GetBucketAcl](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketAcl.html) | ❌ Missing | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| [PutBucketAcl](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketAcl.html) | ❌ Missing | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| [GetObjectAcl](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetObjectAcl.html) | ❌ Missing | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
| [PutObjectAcl](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutObjectAcl.html) | ❌ Missing | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
*Notes:* Ceph claims that it supports bucket policies but does not implement any Policy endpoints. They probably refer to their own permission system. Riak CS only supports a subset of the policy configuration.
### Versioning, Lifecycle endpoints
Garage does not support (yet) object versioning.
If you need this feature, please [share your use case in our dedicated issue](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/issues/166).
| Endpoint | Garage | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
|------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
| [DeleteBucketLifecycle](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketLifecycle.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅| ❌| ✅|
| [GetBucketLifecycleConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketLifecycleConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ⚠ | ❌| ✅|
| [PutBucketLifecycleConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketLifecycleConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ⚠ | ❌| ✅|
| [GetBucketVersioning](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketVersioning.html) | ❌ Stub (see below) | ✅| ✅ | ❌| ✅|
| [ListObjectVersions](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_ListObjectVersions.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ✅|
| [PutBucketVersioning](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketVersioning.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅| ❌| ✅|
**GetBucketVersioning:** Stub implementation (Garage does not yet support versionning so this always returns "versionning not enabled").
*Note: Ceph only supports `Expiration`, `NoncurrentVersionExpiration` and `AbortIncompleteMultipartUpload` on its Lifecycle endpoints.*
### Replication endpoints
Please open an issue if you have a use case for replication.
| Endpoint | Garage | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
|------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
| [DeleteBucketReplication](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketReplication.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
| [GetBucketReplication](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketReplication.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
| [PutBucketReplication](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketReplication.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ⚠ | ❌| ❌|
*Note: Ceph documentation briefly says that Ceph supports [replication though the S3 API](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/multisite-sync-policy/#s3-replication-api) but with some limitations. Additionaly, replication endpoints are not documented in the S3 compatibility page so I don't know what kind of support we can expect.*
### Locking objects
Amazon defines a concept of [object locking](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/object-lock.html) that can be achieved either through a Retention period or a Legal hold.
| Endpoint | Garage | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
|------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
| [GetObjectLegalHold](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetObjectLegalHold.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
| [PutObjectLegalHold](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutObjectLegalHold.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
| [GetObjectRetention](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetObjectRetention.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
| [PutObjectRetention](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutObjectRetention.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
| [GetObjectLockConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetObjectLockConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [PutObjectLockConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutObjectLockConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
### (Server-side) encryption
We think that you can either encrypt your server partition or do client-side encryption, so we did not implement server-side encryption for Garage.
Please open an issue if you have a use case.
| Endpoint | Garage | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
|------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
| [DeleteBucketEncryption](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketEncryption.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [GetBucketEncryption](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketEncryption.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [PutBucketEncryption](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketEncryption.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
### Misc endpoints
| Endpoint | Garage | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
|------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
| [GetBucketNotificationConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketNotificationConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
| [PutBucketNotificationConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketNotificationConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
| [DeleteBucketTagging](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketTagging.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ✅ |
| [GetBucketTagging](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketTagging.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ✅ |
| [PutBucketTagging](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketTagging.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ✅ |
| [DeleteObjectTagging](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteObjectTagging.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ✅ |
| [GetObjectTagging](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetObjectTagging.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ✅ |
| [PutObjectTagging](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutObjectTagging.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ✅ |
| [GetObjectTorrent](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetObjectTorrent.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
### Vendor specific endpoints
<details><summary>Display Amazon specifc endpoints</summary>
| Endpoint | Garage | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
|------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
| [DeleteBucketAnalyticsConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketAnalyticsConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [DeleteBucketIntelligentTieringConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketIntelligentTieringConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [DeleteBucketInventoryConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketInventoryConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [DeleteBucketMetricsConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketMetricsConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [DeleteBucketOwnershipControls](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketOwnershipControls.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [DeletePublicAccessBlock](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeletePublicAccessBlock.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [GetBucketAccelerateConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketAccelerateConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [GetBucketAnalyticsConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketAnalyticsConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [GetBucketIntelligentTieringConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketIntelligentTieringConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [GetBucketInventoryConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketInventoryConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [GetBucketLogging](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketLogging.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [GetBucketMetricsConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketMetricsConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [GetBucketOwnershipControls](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketOwnershipControls.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [GetBucketRequestPayment](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketRequestPayment.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [GetPublicAccessBlock](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetPublicAccessBlock.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [ListBucketAnalyticsConfigurations](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_ListBucketAnalyticsConfigurations.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [ListBucketIntelligentTieringConfigurations](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_ListBucketIntelligentTieringConfigurations.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [ListBucketInventoryConfigurations](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_ListBucketInventoryConfigurations.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [ListBucketMetricsConfigurations](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_ListBucketMetricsConfigurations.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [PutBucketAccelerateConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketAccelerateConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [PutBucketAnalyticsConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketAnalyticsConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [PutBucketIntelligentTieringConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketIntelligentTieringConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [PutBucketInventoryConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketInventoryConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [PutBucketLogging](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketLogging.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [PutBucketMetricsConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketMetricsConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [PutBucketOwnershipControls](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketOwnershipControls.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [PutBucketRequestPayment](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketRequestPayment.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [PutPublicAccessBlock](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutPublicAccessBlock.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [RestoreObject](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_RestoreObject.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
| [SelectObjectContent](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_SelectObjectContent.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
</details>

32
doc/book/src/SUMMARY.md Normal file
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# Summary
[The Garage Data Store](./intro.md)
- [Getting Started](./getting_started/index.md)
- [Get a binary](./getting_started/binary.md)
- [Configure the daemon](./getting_started/daemon.md)
- [Control the daemon](./getting_started/control.md)
- [Configure a cluster](./getting_started/cluster.md)
- [Create buckets and keys](./getting_started/bucket.md)
- [Handle files](./getting_started/files.md)
- [Cookbook](./cookbook/index.md)
- [Host a website](./cookbook/website.md)
- [Integrate as a media backend]()
- [Operate a cluster]()
- [Recovering from failures](./cookbook/recovering.md)
- [Reference Manual](./reference_manual/index.md)
- [Garage CLI]()
- [S3 API](./reference_manual/s3_compatibility.md)
- [Design](./design/index.md)
- [Related Work](./design/related_work.md)
- [Internals](./design/internals.md)
- [Development](./development/index.md)
- [Setup your environment](./development/devenv.md)
- [Your first contribution]()
- [Working Documents](./working_documents/index.md)
- [Load Balancing Data](./working_documents/load_balancing.md)

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# Cookbook
A cookbook, when you cook, is a collection of recipes.
Similarly, Garage's cookbook contains a collection of recipes that are known to works well!
This chapter could also be referred as "Tutorials" or "Best practices".

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@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
+++ # Recovering from failures
title = "Recovering from failures"
weight = 35
+++
Garage is meant to work on old, second-hand hardware. Garage is meant to work on old, second-hand hardware.
In particular, this makes it likely that some of your drives will fail, and some manual intervention will be needed. In particular, this makes it likely that some of your drives will fail, and some manual intervention will be needed.
@ -9,18 +6,14 @@ Fear not! For Garage is fully equipped to handle drive failures, in most common
## A note on availability of Garage ## A note on availability of Garage
With nodes dispersed in 3 zones or more, here are the guarantees Garage provides with the 3-way replication strategy (3 copies of all data, which is the recommended replication mode): With nodes dispersed in 3 datacenters or more, here are the guarantees Garage provides with the default replication strategy (3 copies of all data, which is the recommended value):
- The cluster remains fully functional as long as the machines that fail are in only one zone. This includes a whole zone going down due to power/Internet outage. - The cluster remains fully functional as long as the machines that fail are in only one datacenter. This includes a whole datacenter going down due to power/Internet outage.
- No data is lost as long as the machines that fail are in at most two zones. - No data is lost as long as the machines that fail are in at most two datacenters.
Of course this only works if your Garage nodes are correctly configured to be aware of the zone in which they are located. Of course this only works if your Garage nodes are correctly configured to be aware of the datacenter in which they are located.
Make sure this is the case using `garage status` to check on the state of your cluster's configuration. Make sure this is the case using `garage status` to check on the state of your cluster's configuration.
In case of temporarily disconnected nodes, Garage should automatically re-synchronize
when the nodes come back up. This guide will deal with recovering from disk failures
that caused the loss of the data of a node.
## First option: removing a node ## First option: removing a node
@ -31,10 +24,8 @@ and you should instead use one of the methods detailed in the next sections.
Removing a node is done with the following command: Removing a node is done with the following command:
```bash ```
garage layout remove <node_id> garage node remove --yes <node_id>
garage layout show # review the changes you are making
garage layout apply # once satisfied, apply the changes
``` ```
(you can get the `node_id` of the failed node by running `garage status`) (you can get the `node_id` of the failed node by running `garage status`)
@ -55,7 +46,7 @@ We just need to tell Garage to get back all the data blocks and store them on th
First, set up a new HDD to store Garage's data directory on the failed node, and restart Garage using First, set up a new HDD to store Garage's data directory on the failed node, and restart Garage using
the existing configuration. Then, run: the existing configuration. Then, run:
```bash ```
garage repair -a --yes blocks garage repair -a --yes blocks
``` ```
@ -63,7 +54,7 @@ This will re-synchronize blocks of data that are missing to the new HDD, reading
You can check on the advancement of this process by doing the following command: You can check on the advancement of this process by doing the following command:
```bash ```
garage stats -a garage stats -a
``` ```
@ -94,16 +85,14 @@ might be faster but most of the pieces will be deleted anyway from the disk and
First, set up a new drive to store the metadata directory for the replacement node (a SSD is recommended), First, set up a new drive to store the metadata directory for the replacement node (a SSD is recommended),
and for the data directory if necessary. You can then start Garage on the new node. and for the data directory if necessary. You can then start Garage on the new node.
The restarted node should generate a new node ID, and it should be shown with `NO ROLE ASSIGNED` in `garage status`. The restarted node should generate a new node ID, and it should be shown as `NOT CONFIGURED` in `garage status`.
The ID of the lost node should be shown in `garage status` in the section for disconnected/unavailable nodes. The ID of the lost node should be shown in `garage status` in the section for disconnected/unavailable nodes.
Then, replace the broken node by the new one, using: Then, replace the broken node by the new one, using:
```bash ```
garage layout assign <new_node_id> --replace <old_node_id> \ garage node configure --replace <old_node_id> \
-c <capacity> -z <zone> -t <node_tag> -c <capacity> -d <datacenter> -t <node_tag> <new_node_id>
garage layout show # review the changes you are making
garage layout apply # once satisfied, apply the changes
``` ```
Garage will then start synchronizing all required data on the new node. Garage will then start synchronizing all required data on the new node.

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# Host a website

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# Design
The design section helps you to see Garage from a "big picture" perspective.
It will allow you to understand if Garage is a good fit for you,
how to better use it, how to contribute to it, what can Garage could and could not do, etc.

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@ -1,11 +1,4 @@
+++ **WARNING: this documentation is more a "design draft", which was written before Garage's actual implementation. The general principle is similar but details have not yet been updated.**
title = "Design draft"
weight = 25
+++
**WARNING: this documentation is a design draft which was written before Garage's actual implementation.
The general principle are similar, but details have not been updated.**
#### Modules #### Modules
@ -162,4 +155,4 @@ Number K of tokens per node: decided by the operator & stored in the operator's
- CDC: <https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/atc16/atc16-paper-xia.pdf> - CDC: <https://www.usenix.org/system/files/conference/atc16/atc16-paper-xia.pdf>
- Erasure coding: <http://web.eecs.utk.edu/~jplank/plank/papers/CS-08-627.html> - Erasure coding: <http://web.eecs.utk.edu/~jplank/plank/papers/CS-08-627.html>
- [Openstack Storage Concepts](https://docs.openstack.org/arch-design/design-storage/design-storage-concepts.html) - [Openstack Storage Concepts](https://docs.openstack.org/arch-design/design-storage/design-storage-concepts.html)
- [RADOS](https://doi.org/10.1145/1374596.1374606) [[pdf](https://ceph.com/assets/pdfs/weil-rados-pdsw07.pdf)] - [RADOS](https://ceph.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/weil-rados-pdsw07.pdf)

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@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
+++ # Related Work
title = "Related work"
weight = 15
+++
## Context ## Context
@ -24,7 +21,7 @@ Openstack Cinder proxy previous solution to provide an uniform API.
File storage provides a higher abstraction, they are one filesystem among others, which means they don't necessarily have all the exotic features of every filesystem. File storage provides a higher abstraction, they are one filesystem among others, which means they don't necessarily have all the exotic features of every filesystem.
Often, they relax some POSIX constraints while many applications will still be compatible without any modification. Often, they relax some POSIX constraints while many applications will still be compatible without any modification.
As an example, we are able to run MariaDB (very slowly) over GlusterFS... As an example, we are able to run MariaDB (very slowly) over GlusterFS...
We can also mention CephFS (read [RADOS](https://doi.org/10.1145/1374596.1374606) whitepaper [[pdf](https://ceph.com/assets/pdfs/weil-rados-pdsw07.pdf)]), Lustre, LizardFS, MooseFS, etc. We can also mention CephFS (read [RADOS](https://ceph.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/weil-rados-pdsw07.pdf) whitepaper), Lustre, LizardFS, MooseFS, etc.
OpenStack Manila proxy previous solutions to provide an uniform API. OpenStack Manila proxy previous solutions to provide an uniform API.
Finally object storages provide the highest level abstraction. Finally object storages provide the highest level abstraction.
@ -44,35 +41,14 @@ There were many attempts in research too. I am only thinking to [LBFS](https://p
## Existing software ## Existing software
**[MinIO](https://min.io/):** MinIO shares our *Self-contained & lightweight* goal but selected two of our non-goals: *Storage optimizations* through erasure coding and *POSIX/Filesystem compatibility* through strong consistency. **[Pithos](https://github.com/exoscale/pithos) :**
However, by pursuing these two non-goals, MinIO do not reach our desirable properties.
Firstly, it fails on the *Simple* property: due to the erasure coding, MinIO has severe limitations on how drives can be added or deleted from a cluster.
Secondly, it fails on the *Internet enabled* property: due to its strong consistency, MinIO is latency sensitive.
Furthermore, MinIO has no knowledge of "sites" and thus can not distribute data to minimize the failure of a given site.
**[Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/):**
OpenStack Swift at least fails on the *Self-contained & lightweight* goal.
Starting it requires around 8GB of RAM, which is too much especially in an hyperconverged infrastructure.
We also do not classify Swift as *Simple*.
**[Ceph](https://ceph.io/ceph-storage/object-storage/):**
This review holds for the whole Ceph stack, including the RADOS paper, Ceph Object Storage module, the RADOS Gateway, etc.
At its core, Ceph has been designed to provide *POSIX/Filesystem compatibility* which requires strong consistency, which in turn
makes Ceph latency-sensitive and fails our *Internet enabled* goal.
Due to its industry oriented design, Ceph is also far from being *Simple* to operate and from being *Self-contained & lightweight* which makes it hard to integrate it in an hyperconverged infrastructure.
In a certain way, Ceph and MinIO are closer together than they are from Garage or OpenStack Swift.
**[Pithos](https://github.com/exoscale/pithos):**
Pithos has been abandonned and should probably not used yet, in the following we explain why we did not pick their design. Pithos has been abandonned and should probably not used yet, in the following we explain why we did not pick their design.
Pithos was relying as a S3 proxy in front of Cassandra (and was working with Scylla DB too). Pithos was relying as a S3 proxy in front of Cassandra (and was working with Scylla DB too).
From its designers' mouth, storing data in Cassandra has shown its limitations justifying the project abandonment. From its designers' mouth, storing data in Cassandra has shown its limitations justifying the project abandonment.
They built a closed-source version 2 that does not store blobs in the database (only metadata) but did not communicate further on it. They built a closed-source version 2 that does not store blobs in the database (only metadata) but did not communicate further on it.
We considered there v2's design but concluded that it does not fit both our *Self-contained & lightweight* and *Simple* properties. It makes the development, the deployment and the operations more complicated while reducing the flexibility. We considered there v2's design but concluded that it does not fit both our *Self-contained & lightweight* and *Simple* properties. It makes the development, the deployment and the operations more complicated while reducing the flexibility.
**[Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/index.html):** **[IPFS](https://ipfs.io/) :**
*Not written yet*
**[IPFS](https://ipfs.io/):**
*Not written yet* *Not written yet*
## Specific research papers ## Specific research papers

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@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
# Setup your development environment
We propose the following quickstart to setup a full dev. environment as quickly as possible:
1. Setup a rust/cargo environment. eg. `dnf install rust cargo`
2. Install awscli v2 by following the guide [here](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/install-cliv2.html).
3. Run `cargo build` to build the project
4. Run `./script/dev-cluster.sh` to launch a test cluster (feel free to read the script)
5. Run `./script/dev-configure.sh` to configure your test cluster with default values (same datacenter, 100 tokens)
6. Run `./script/dev-bucket.sh` to create a bucket named `eprouvette` and an API key that will be stored in `/tmp/garage.s3`
7. Run `source ./script/dev-env-aws.sh` to configure your CLI environment
8. You can use `garage` to manage the cluster. Try `garage --help`.
9. You can use the `awsgrg` alias to add, remove, and delete files. Try `awsgrg help`, `awsgrg cp /proc/cpuinfo s3://eprouvette/cpuinfo.txt`, or `awsgrg ls s3://eprouvette`. `awsgrg` is a wrapper on the `aws s3` command pre-configured with the previously generated API key (the one in `/tmp/garage.s3`) and localhost as the endpoint.
Now you should be ready to start hacking on garage!

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@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
# Development
Now that you are a Garage expert, you want to enhance it, you are in the right place!
We discuss here how to hack on Garage, how we manage its development, etc.

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@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
# Get a binary
Currently, only two installations procedures are supported for Garage: from Docker (x86\_64 for Linux) and from source.
In the future, we plan to add a third one, by publishing a compiled binary (x86\_64 for Linux).
We did not test other architecture/operating system but, as long as your architecture/operating system is supported by Rust, you should be able to run Garage (feel free to report your tests!).
## From Docker
Our docker image is currently named `lxpz/garage_amd64` and is stored on the [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/lxpz/garage_amd64/tags?page=1&ordering=last_updated).
We encourage you to use a fixed tag (eg. `v0.2.1`) and not the `latest` tag.
For this example, we will use the latest published version at the time of the writing which is `v0.2.1` but it's up to you
to check [the most recent versions on the Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/lxpz/garage_amd64/tags?page=1&ordering=last_updated).
For example:
```
sudo docker pull lxpz/garage_amd64:v0.2.1
```
## From source
Garage is a standard Rust project.
First, you need `rust` and `cargo`.
On Debian:
```bash
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y rustc cargo
```
Then, you can ask cargo to install the binary for you:
```bash
cargo install garage
```
That's all, `garage` should be in `$HOME/.cargo/bin`.
You can add this folder to your `$PATH` or copy the binary somewhere else on your system.
For the following, we will assume you copied it in `/usr/local/bin/garage`:
```bash
sudo cp $HOME/.cargo/bin/garage /usr/local/bin/garage
```

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# Create buckets and keys
*We use a command named `garagectl` which is in fact an alias you must define as explained in the [Control the daemon](./daemon.md) section.*
In this section, we will suppose that we want to create a bucket named `nextcloud-bucket`
that will be accessed through a key named `nextcloud-app-key`.
Don't forget that `help` command and `--help` subcommands can help you anywhere, the CLI tool is self-documented! Two examples:
```
garagectl help
garagectl bucket allow --help
```
## Create a bucket
Fine, now let's create a bucket (we imagine that you want to deploy nextcloud):
```
garagectl bucket create nextcloud-bucket
```
Check that everything went well:
```
garagectl bucket list
garagectl bucket info nextcloud-bucket
```
## Create an API key
Now we will generate an API key to access this bucket.
Note that API keys are independent of buckets: one key can access multiple buckets, multiple keys can access one bucket.
Now, let's start by creating a key only for our PHP application:
```
garagectl key new --name nextcloud-app-key
```
You will have the following output (this one is fake, `key_id` and `secret_key` were generated with the openssl CLI tool):
```
Key name: nextcloud-app-key
Key ID: GK3515373e4c851ebaad366558
Secret key: 7d37d093435a41f2aab8f13c19ba067d9776c90215f56614adad6ece597dbb34
Authorized buckets:
```
Check that everything works as intended:
```
garagectl key list
garagectl key info nextcloud-app-key
```
## Allow a key to access a bucket
Now that we have a bucket and a key, we need to give permissions to the key on the bucket!
```
garagectl bucket allow \
--read \
--write
nextcloud-bucket \
--key nextcloud-app-key
```
You can check at any times allowed keys on your bucket with:
```
garagectl bucket info nextcloud-bucket
```

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# Configure a cluster
*We use a command named `garagectl` which is in fact an alias you must define as explained in the [Control the daemon](./daemon.md) section.*
In this section, we will inform garage of the disk space available on each node of the cluster
as well as the site (think datacenter) of each machine.
## Test cluster
As this part is not relevant for a test cluster, you can use this one-liner to create a basic topology:
```bash
garagectl status | grep UNCONFIGURED | grep -Po '^[0-9a-f]+' | while read id; do
garagectl node configure -d dc1 -c 1 $id
done
```
## Real-world cluster
For our example, we will suppose we have the following infrastructure (Capacity, Identifier and Datacenter are specific values to garage described in the following):
| Location | Name | Disk Space | `Capacity` | `Identifier` | `Datacenter` |
|----------|---------|------------|------------|--------------|--------------|
| Paris | Mercury | 1 To | `2` | `8781c5` | `par1` |
| Paris | Venus | 2 To | `4` | `2a638e` | `par1` |
| London | Earth | 2 To | `4` | `68143d` | `lon1` |
| Brussels | Mars | 1.5 To | `3` | `212f75` | `bru1` |
### Identifier
After its first launch, garage generates a random and unique identifier for each nodes, such as:
```
8781c50c410a41b363167e9d49cc468b6b9e4449b6577b64f15a249a149bdcbc
```
Often a shorter form can be used, containing only the beginning of the identifier, like `8781c5`,
which identifies the server "Mercury" located in "Paris" according to our previous table.
The most simple way to match an identifier to a node is to run:
```
garagectl status
```
It will display the IP address associated with each node; from the IP address you will be able to recognize the node.
### Capacity
Garage reasons on an arbitrary metric about disk storage that is named the *capacity* of a node.
The capacity configured in Garage must be proportional to the disk space dedicated to the node.
Additionaly, the capacity values used in Garage should be as small as possible, with
1 ideally representing the size of your smallest server.
Here we chose that 1 unit of capacity = 0.5 To, so that we can express servers of size
1 To and 2 To, as wel as the intermediate size 1.5 To.
### Datacenter
Datacenter are simply a user-chosen identifier that identify a group of server that are located in the same place.
It is up to the system administrator deploying garage to identify what does "the same place" means.
Behind the scene, garage will try to store the same data on different sites to provide high availability despite a data center failure.
### Inject the topology
Given the information above, we will configure our cluster as follow:
```
garagectl node configure --datacenter par1 -c 2 -t mercury 8781c5
garagectl node configure --datacenter par1 -c 4 -t venus 2a638e
garagectl node configure --datacenter lon1 -c 4 -t earth 68143d
garagectl node configure --datacenter bru1 -c 3 -t mars 212f75
```

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# Control the daemon
The `garage` binary has two purposes:
- it acts as a daemon when launched with `garage server ...`
- it acts as a control tool for the daemon when launched with any other command
In this section, we will see how to use the `garage` binary as a control tool for the daemon we just started.
You first need to get a shell having access to this binary, which depends of your configuration:
- with `docker-compose`, run `sudo docker-compose exec g1 bash` then `/garage/garage`
- with `docker`, run `sudo docker exec -ti garaged bash` then `/garage/garage`
- with `systemd`, simply run `/usr/local/bin/garage` if you followed previous instructions
*You can also install the binary on your machine to remotely control the cluster.*
## Talk to the daemon and create an alias
`garage` requires 4 options to talk with the daemon:
```
--ca-cert <ca-cert>
--client-cert <client-cert>
--client-key <client-key>
-h, --rpc-host <rpc-host>
```
The 3 first ones are certificates and keys needed by TLS, the last one is simply the address of garage's RPC endpoint.
Because we configure garage directly from the server, we do not need to set `--rpc-host`.
To avoid typing the 3 first options each time we want to run a command, we will create an alias.
### `docker-compose` alias
```bash
alias garagectl='/garage/garage \
--ca-cert /pki/garage-ca.crt \
--client-cert /pki/garage.crt \
--client-key /pki/garage.key'
```
### `docker` alias
```bash
alias garagectl='/garage/garage \
--ca-cert /etc/garage/pki/garage-ca.crt \
--client-cert /etc/garage/pki/garage.crt \
--client-key /etc/garage/pki/garage.key'
```
### raw binary alias
```bash
alias garagectl='/usr/local/bin/garage \
--ca-cert /etc/garage/pki/garage-ca.crt \
--client-cert /etc/garage/pki/garage.crt \
--client-key /etc/garage/pki/garage.key'
```
Of course, if your deployment does not match exactly one of this alias, feel free to adapt it to your needs!
## Test the alias
You can test your alias by running a simple command such as:
```
garagectl status
```
You should get something like that as result:
```
Healthy nodes:
2a638ed6c775b69a… 37f0ba978d27 [::ffff:172.20.0.101]:3901 UNCONFIGURED/REMOVED
68143d720f20c89d… 9795a2f7abb5 [::ffff:172.20.0.103]:3901 UNCONFIGURED/REMOVED
8781c50c410a41b3… 758338dde686 [::ffff:172.20.0.102]:3901 UNCONFIGURED/REMOVED
```
...which means that you are ready to configure your cluster!

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# Configure the daemon
Garage is a software that can be run only in a cluster and requires at least 3 instances.
In our getting started guide, we document two deployment types:
- [Test deployment](#test-deployment) though `docker-compose`
- [Real-world deployment](#real-world-deployment) through `docker` or `systemd`
In any case, you first need to generate TLS certificates, as traffic is encrypted between Garage's nodes.
## Generating a TLS Certificate
To generate your TLS certificates, run on your machine:
```
wget https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/raw/branch/master/genkeys.sh
chmod +x genkeys.sh
./genkeys.sh
```
It will creates a folder named `pki` containing the keys that you will used for the cluster.
## Test deployment
Single machine deployment is only described through `docker-compose`.
Before starting, we recommend you create a folder for our deployment:
```bash
mkdir garage-single
cd garage-single
```
We start by creating a file named `docker-compose.yml` describing our network and our containers:
```yml
version: '3.4'
networks: { virtnet: { ipam: { config: [ subnet: 172.20.0.0/24 ]}}}
services:
g1:
image: lxpz/garage_amd64:v0.1.1d
networks: { virtnet: { ipv4_address: 172.20.0.101 }}
volumes:
- "./pki:/pki"
- "./config.toml:/garage/config.toml"
g2:
image: lxpz/garage_amd64:v0.1.1d
networks: { virtnet: { ipv4_address: 172.20.0.102 }}
volumes:
- "./pki:/pki"
- "./config.toml:/garage/config.toml"
g3:
image: lxpz/garage_amd64:v0.1.1d
networks: { virtnet: { ipv4_address: 172.20.0.103 }}
volumes:
- "./pki:/pki"
- "./config.toml:/garage/config.toml"
```
*We define a static network here which is not considered as a best practise on Docker.
The rational is that Garage only supports IP address and not domain names in its configuration, so we need to know the IP address in advance.*
and then create the `config.toml` file next to it as follow:
```toml
metadata_dir = "/garage/meta"
data_dir = "/garage/data"
rpc_bind_addr = "[::]:3901"
bootstrap_peers = [
"172.20.0.101:3901",
"172.20.0.102:3901",
"172.20.0.103:3901",
]
[rpc_tls]
ca_cert = "/pki/garage-ca.crt"
node_cert = "/pki/garage.crt"
node_key = "/pki/garage.key"
[s3_api]
s3_region = "garage"
api_bind_addr = "[::]:3900"
[s3_web]
bind_addr = "[::]:3902"
root_domain = ".web.garage"
index = "index.html"
```
*Please note that we have not mounted `/garage/meta` or `/garage/data` on the host: data will be lost when the container will be destroyed.*
And that's all, you are ready to launch your cluster!
```
sudo docker-compose up
```
While your daemons are up, your cluster is still not configured yet.
However, you can check that your services are still listening as expected by querying them from your host:
```bash
curl http://172.20.0.{101,102,103}:3902
```
which should give you:
```
Not found
Not found
Not found
```
That's all, you are ready to [configure your cluster!](./cluster.md).
## Real-world deployment
Before deploying garage on your infrastructure, you must inventory your machines.
For our example, we will suppose the following infrastructure:
| Location | Name | IP Address | Disk Space |
|----------|---------|------------|------------|
| Paris | Mercury | fc00:1::1 | 1 To |
| Paris | Venus | fc00:1::2 | 2 To |
| London | Earth | fc00:B::1 | 2 To |
| Brussels | Mars | fc00:F::1 | 1.5 To |
On each machine, we will have a similar setup, especially you must consider the following folders/files:
- `/etc/garage/pki`: Garage certificates, must be generated on your computer and copied on the servers
- `/etc/garage/config.toml`: Garage daemon's configuration (defined below)
- `/etc/systemd/system/garage.service`: Service file to start garage at boot automatically (defined below, not required if you use docker)
- `/var/lib/garage/meta`: Contains Garage's metadata, put this folder on a SSD if possible
- `/var/lib/garage/data`: Contains Garage's data, this folder will grows and must be on a large storage, possibly big HDDs.
A valid `/etc/garage/config.toml` for our cluster would be:
```toml
metadata_dir = "/var/lib/garage/meta"
data_dir = "/var/lib/garage/data"
rpc_bind_addr = "[::]:3901"
bootstrap_peers = [
"[fc00:1::1]:3901",
"[fc00:1::2]:3901",
"[fc00:B::1]:3901",
"[fc00:F::1]:3901",
]
[rpc_tls]
ca_cert = "/etc/garage/pki/garage-ca.crt"
node_cert = "/etc/garage/pki/garage.crt"
node_key = "/etc/garage/pki/garage.key"
[s3_api]
s3_region = "garage"
api_bind_addr = "[::]:3900"
[s3_web]
bind_addr = "[::]:3902"
root_domain = ".web.garage"
index = "index.html"
```
Please make sure to change `bootstrap_peers` to **your** IP addresses!
### For docker users
On each machine, you can run the daemon with:
```bash
docker run \
-d \
--name garaged \
--restart always \
--network host \
-v /etc/garage/pki:/etc/garage/pki \
-v /etc/garage/config.toml:/garage/config.toml \
-v /var/lib/garage/meta:/var/lib/garage/meta \
-v /var/lib/garage/data:/var/lib/garage/data \
lxpz/garage_amd64:v0.1.1d
```
It should be restart automatically at each reboot.
Please note that we use host networking as otherwise Docker containers can no communicate with IPv6.
To upgrade, simply stop and remove this container and start again the command with a new version of garage.
### For systemd/raw binary users
Create a file named `/etc/systemd/system/garage.service`:
```toml
[Unit]
Description=Garage Data Store
After=network-online.target
Wants=network-online.target
[Service]
Environment='RUST_LOG=garage=info' 'RUST_BACKTRACE=1'
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/garage server -c /etc/garage/config.toml
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
```
To start the service then automatically enable it at boot:
```bash
sudo systemctl start garage
sudo systemctl enable garage
```
To see if the service is running and to browse its logs:
```bash
sudo systemctl status garage
sudo journalctl -u garage
```
If you want to modify the service file, do not forget to run `systemctl daemon-reload`
to inform `systemd` of your modifications.

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# Handle files
We recommend the use of MinIO Client to interact with Garage files (`mc`).
Instructions to install it and use it are provided on the [MinIO website](https://docs.min.io/docs/minio-client-quickstart-guide.html).
Before reading the following, you need a working `mc` command on your path.
## Configure `mc`
You need your access key and secret key created in the [previous section](bucket.md).
You also need to set the endpoint: it must match the IP address of one of the node of the cluster and the API port (3900 by default).
For this whole configuration, you must set an alias name: we chose `my-garage`, that you will used for all commands.
Adapt the following command accordingly and run it:
```bash
mc alias set \
my-garage \
http://172.20.0.101:3900 \
<access key> \
<secret key> \
--api S3v4
```
You must also add an environment variable to your configuration to inform MinIO of our region (`garage` by default).
The best way is to add the following snippet to your `$HOME/.bash_profile` or `$HOME/.bashrc` file:
```bash
export MC_REGION=garage
```
## Use `mc`
You can not list buckets from `mc` currently.
But the following commands and many more should work:
```bash
mc cp image.png my-garage/nextcloud-bucket
mc cp my-garage/nextcloud-bucket/image.png .
mc ls my-garage/nextcloud-bucket
mc mirror localdir/ my-garage/another-bucket
```

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# Getting Started
Let's start your Garage journey!
In this chapter, we explain how to deploy a simple garage cluster and start interacting with it.
Our goal is to introduce you to Garage's workflows.

44
doc/book/src/img/logo.svg Normal file
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center;">
<a href="https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr">
<img alt="Garage's Logo" src="img/logo.svg" height="200" />
</a>
</p>
```
This very website is hosted using Garage. In other words: the doc is the PoC!
```
# The Garage Geo-Distributed Data Store
Garage is a lightweight geo-distributed data store.
It comes from the observation that despite numerous object stores
many people have broken data management policies (backup/replication on a single site or none at all).
To promote better data management policies, we focused on the following **desirable properties**:
- **Self-contained & lightweight**: works everywhere and integrates well in existing environments to target [hyperconverged infrastructures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-converged_infrastructure).
- **Highly resilient**: highly resilient to network failures, network latency, disk failures, sysadmin failures.
- **Simple**: simple to understand, simple to operate, simple to debug.
- **Internet enabled**: made for multi-sites (eg. datacenters, offices, households, etc.) interconnected through regular Internet connections.
We also noted that the pursuit of some other goals are detrimental to our initial goals.
The following has been identified as **non-goals** (if these points matter to you, you should not use Garage):
- **Extreme performances**: high performances constrain a lot the design and the infrastructure; we seek performances through minimalism only.
- **Feature extensiveness**: complete implementation of the S3 API or any other API to make garage a drop-in replacement is not targeted as it could lead to decisions impacting our desirable properties.
- **Storage optimizations**: erasure coding or any other coding technique both increase the difficulty of placing data and synchronizing; we limit ourselves to duplication.
- **POSIX/Filesystem compatibility**: we do not aim at being POSIX compatible or to emulate any kind of filesystem. Indeed, in a distributed environment, such synchronizations are translated in network messages that impose severe constraints on the deployment.
## Supported and planned protocols
Garage speaks (or will speak) the following protocols:
- [S3](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/Welcome.html) - *SUPPORTED* - Enable applications to store large blobs such as pictures, video, images, documents, etc. S3 is versatile enough to also be used to publish a static website.
- [IMAP](https://github.com/go-pluto/pluto) - *PLANNED* - email storage is quite complex to get good performances.
To keep performances optimal, most IMAP servers only support on-disk storage.
We plan to add logic to Garage to make it a viable solution for email storage.
- *More to come*
## Use Cases
**[Deuxfleurs](https://deuxfleurs.fr):** Garage is used by Deuxfleurs which is a non-profit hosting organization.
Especially, it is used to host their main website, this documentation and some of its members' blogs.
Additionally, Garage is used as a [backend for Nextcloud](https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/20/admin_manual/configuration_files/primary_storage.html).
Deuxfleurs also plans to use Garage as their [Matrix's media backend](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse-s3-storage-provider) and as the backend of [OCIS](https://github.com/owncloud/ocis).
*Are you using Garage? [Open a pull request](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/) to add your organization here!*
## Comparison to existing software
**[MinIO](https://min.io/):** MinIO shares our *Self-contained & lightweight* goal but selected two of our non-goals: *Storage optimizations* through erasure coding and *POSIX/Filesystem compatibility* through strong consistency.
However, by pursuing these two non-goals, MinIO do not reach our desirable properties.
Firstly, it fails on the *Simple* property: due to the erasure coding, MinIO has severe limitations on how drives can be added or deleted from a cluster.
Secondly, it fails on the *Internet enabled* property: due to its strong consistency, MinIO is latency sensitive.
Furthermore, MinIO has no knowledge of "sites" and thus can not distribute data to minimize the failure of a given site.
**[Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/):**
OpenStack Swift at least fails on the *Self-contained & lightweight* goal.
Starting it requires around 8GB of RAM, which is too much especially in an hyperconverged infrastructure.
We also do not classify Swift as *Simple*.
**[Ceph](https://ceph.io/ceph-storage/object-storage/):**
This review holds for the whole Ceph stack, including the RADOS paper, Ceph Object Storage module, the RADOS Gateway, etc.
At its core, Ceph has been designed to provide *POSIX/Filesystem compatibility* which requires strong consistency, which in turn
makes Ceph latency-sensitive and fails our *Internet enabled* goal.
Due to its industry oriented design, Ceph is also far from being *Simple* to operate and from being *Self-contained & lightweight* which makes it hard to integrate it in an hyperconverged infrastructure.
In a certain way, Ceph and MinIO are closer together than they are from Garage or OpenStack Swift.
*More comparisons are available in our [Related Work](design/related_work.md) chapter.*
## Other Resources
This website is not the only source of information about Garage!
We reference here other places on the Internet where you can learn more about Garage.
### Rust API (docs.rs)
If you encounter a specific bug in Garage or plan to patch it, you may jump directly to the source code's documentation!
- [garage\_api](https://docs.rs/garage_api/latest/garage_api/) - contains the S3 standard API endpoint
- [garage\_model](https://docs.rs/garage_model/latest/garage_model/) - contains Garage's model built on the table abstraction
- [garage\_rpc](https://docs.rs/garage_rpc/latest/garage_rpc/) - contains Garage's federation protocol
- [garage\_table](https://docs.rs/garage_table/latest/garage_table/) - contains core Garage's CRDT datatypes
- [garage\_util](https://docs.rs/garage_util/latest/garage_util/) - contains garage helpers
- [garage\_web](https://docs.rs/garage_web/latest/garage_web/) - contains the S3 website endpoint
### Talks
We love to talk and hear about Garage, that's why we keep a log here:
- [(fr, 2020-12-02) Garage : jouer dans la cour des grands quand on est un hébergeur associatif](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/src/branch/main/doc/20201202_talk/talk.pdf)
*Did you write or talk about Garage? [Open a pull request](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/) to add a link here!*
## Community
If you want to discuss with us, you can join our Matrix channel at [#garage:deuxfleurs.fr](https://matrix.to/#/#garage:deuxfleurs.fr).
Our code repository and issue tracker, which is the place where you should report bugs, is managed on [Deuxfleurs' Gitea](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage).
## License
Garage's source code, is released under the [AGPL v3 License](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.en.html).
Please note that if you patch Garage and then use it to provide any service over a network, you must share your code!

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+++ # Reference Manual
title = "Reference Manual"
weight = 4
sort_by = "weight"
template = "documentation.html"
+++
A reference manual contains some extensive descriptions about the features and the behaviour of the software. A reference manual contains some extensive descriptions about the features and the behaviour of the software.
Reading of this chapter is recommended once you have a good knowledge/understanding of Garage. Reading of this chapter is recommended once you have a good knowledge/understanding of Garage.

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## S3 Compatibility status
### Global S3 features
Implemented:
- path-style URLs (`garage.tld/bucket/key`)
- putting and getting objects in buckets
- multipart uploads
- listing objects
- access control on a per-key-per-bucket basis
Not implemented:
- vhost-style URLs (`bucket.garage.tld/key`)
- object-level ACL
- encryption
- most `x-amz-` headers
### Endpoint implementation
All APIs that are not mentionned are not implemented and will return a 400 bad request.
#### AbortMultipartUpload
Implemented.
#### CompleteMultipartUpload
Implemented badly. Garage will not check that all the parts stored correspond to the list given by the client in the request body. This means that the multipart upload might be completed with an invalid size. This is a bug and will be fixed.
#### CopyObject
Implemented.
#### CreateBucket
Garage does not accept creating buckets or giving access using API calls, it has to be done using the CLI tools. CreateBucket will return a 200 if the bucket exists and user has write access, and a 403 Forbidden in all other cases.
#### CreateMultipartUpload
Implemented.
#### DeleteBucket
Garage does not accept deleting buckets using API calls, it has to be done using the CLI tools. This request will return a 403 Forbidden.
#### DeleteObject
Implemented.
#### DeleteObjects
Implemented.
#### GetObject
Implemented.
#### HeadBucket
Implemented.
#### HeadObject
Implemented.
#### ListObjects
Implemented, but there isn't a very good specification of what `encoding-type=url` covers so there might be some encoding bugs. In our implementation the url-encoded fields are in the same in ListObjects as they are in ListObjectsV2.
#### ListObjectsV2
Implemented.
#### PutObject
Implemented.
#### UploadPart
Implemented.

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+++ # Working Documents
title = "Working Documents"
weight = 7
sort_by = "weight"
template = "documentation.html"
+++
Working documents are documents that reflect the fact that Garage is a software that evolves quickly. Working documents are documents that reflect the fact that Garage is a software that evolves quickly.
They are a way to communicate our ideas, our changes, and so on before or while we are implementing them in Garage. They are a way to communicate our ideas, our changes, and so on before or while we are implementing them in Garage.

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+++ ## Load Balancing Data (planned for version 0.2)
title = "Load balancing data"
weight = 10
+++
**This is being yet improved in release 0.5. The working document has not been updated yet, it still only applies to Garage 0.2 through 0.4.**
I have conducted a quick study of different methods to load-balance data over different Garage nodes using consistent hashing. I have conducted a quick study of different methods to load-balance data over different Garage nodes using consistent hashing.
## Requirements ### Requirements
- *good balancing*: two nodes that have the same announced capacity should receive close to the same number of items - *good balancing*: two nodes that have the same announced capacity should receive close to the same number of items
@ -20,9 +15,9 @@ I have conducted a quick study of different methods to load-balance data over di
replicas, independently of the order in which nodes were added/removed (this replicas, independently of the order in which nodes were added/removed (this
is to keep the implementation simple) is to keep the implementation simple)
## Methods ### Methods
### Naive multi-DC ring walking strategy #### Naive multi-DC ring walking strategy
This strategy can be used with any ring-like algorithm to make it aware of the *multi-datacenter* requirement: This strategy can be used with any ring-like algorithm to make it aware of the *multi-datacenter* requirement:
@ -43,7 +38,7 @@ This method was implemented in the first version of Garage, with the basic
ring construction from Dynamo DB that consists in associating `n_token` random positions to ring construction from Dynamo DB that consists in associating `n_token` random positions to
each node (I know it's not optimal, the Dynamo paper already studies this). each node (I know it's not optimal, the Dynamo paper already studies this).
### Better rings #### Better rings
The ring construction that selects `n_token` random positions for each nodes gives a ring of positions that The ring construction that selects `n_token` random positions for each nodes gives a ring of positions that
is not well-balanced: the space between the tokens varies a lot, and some partitions are thus bigger than others. is not well-balanced: the space between the tokens varies a lot, and some partitions are thus bigger than others.
@ -155,7 +150,7 @@ removing grisou gipsie : 49.22% 36.52% 12.79% 1.46%
on average: 62.94% 27.89% 8.61% 0.57% <-- WORSE THAN PREVIOUSLY on average: 62.94% 27.89% 8.61% 0.57% <-- WORSE THAN PREVIOUSLY
``` ```
### The magical solution: multi-DC aware MagLev #### The magical solution: multi-DC aware MagLev
Suppose we want to select three replicas for each partition (this is what we do in our simulation and in most Garage deployments). Suppose we want to select three replicas for each partition (this is what we do in our simulation and in most Garage deployments).
We apply MagLev three times consecutively, one for each replica selection. We apply MagLev three times consecutively, one for each replica selection.

View file

@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
+++
title = "S3 compatibility target"
weight = 5
+++
If there is a specific S3 functionnality you have a need for, feel free to open
a PR to put the corresponding endpoints higher in the list. Please explain
your motivations for doing so in the PR message.
| Priority | Endpoints |
| -------------------------- | --------- |
| **S-tier** (high priority) | |
| | HeadBucket |
| | GetBucketLocation |
| | CreateBucket |
| | DeleteBucket |
| | ListBuckets |
| | ListObjects |
| | ListObjectsV2 |
| | HeadObject |
| | GetObject |
| | PutObject |
| | CopyObject |
| | DeleteObject |
| | DeleteObjects |
| | CreateMultipartUpload |
| | CompleteMultipartUpload |
| | AbortMultipartUpload |
| | UploadPart |
| | ListMultipartUploads |
| | ListParts |
| **A-tier** | |
| | GetBucketCors |
| | PutBucketCors |
| | DeleteBucketCors |
| | UploadPartCopy |
| | GetBucketWebsite |
| | PutBucketWebsite |
| | DeleteBucketWebsite |
| | [PostObject](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/RESTObjectPOST.html) |
| ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ |
| **B-tier** | |
| | GetBucketAcl |
| | PutBucketAcl |
| | GetObjectLockConfiguration |
| | PutObjectLockConfiguration |
| | GetObjectRetention |
| | PutObjectRetention |
| | GetObjectLegalHold |
| | PutObjectLegalHold |
| **C-tier** | |
| | GetBucketVersioning |
| | PutBucketVersioning |
| | ListObjectVersions |
| | GetObjectAcl |
| | PutObjectAcl |
| | GetBucketLifecycleConfiguration |
| | PutBucketLifecycleConfiguration |
| | DeleteBucketLifecycle |
| **garbage-tier** | |
| | DeleteBucketEncryption |
| | DeleteBucketAnalyticsConfiguration |
| | DeleteBucketIntelligentTieringConfiguration |
| | DeleteBucketInventoryConfiguration |
| | DeleteBucketMetricsConfiguration |
| | DeleteBucketOwnershipControls |
| | DeleteBucketPolicy |
| | DeleteBucketReplication |
| | DeleteBucketTagging |
| | DeleteObjectTagging |
| | DeletePublicAccessBlock |
| | GetBucketAccelerateConfiguration |
| | GetBucketAnalyticsConfiguration |
| | GetBucketEncryption |
| | GetBucketIntelligentTieringConfiguration |
| | GetBucketInventoryConfiguration |
| | GetBucketLogging |
| | GetBucketMetricsConfiguration |
| | GetBucketNotificationConfiguration |
| | GetBucketOwnershipControls |
| | GetBucketPolicy |
| | GetBucketPolicyStatus |
| | GetBucketReplication |
| | GetBucketRequestPayment |
| | GetBucketTagging |
| | GetObjectTagging |
| | GetObjectTorrent |
| | GetPublicAccessBlock |
| | ListBucketAnalyticsConfigurations |
| | ListBucketIntelligentTieringConfigurations |
| | ListBucketInventoryConfigurations |
| | ListBucketMetricsConfigurations |
| | PutBucketAccelerateConfiguration |
| | PutBucketAnalyticsConfiguration |
| | PutBucketEncryption |
| | PutBucketIntelligentTieringConfiguration |
| | PutBucketInventoryConfiguration |
| | PutBucketLogging |
| | PutBucketMetricsConfiguration |
| | PutBucketNotificationConfiguration |
| | PutBucketOwnershipControls |
| | PutBucketPolicy |
| | PutBucketReplication |
| | PutBucketRequestPayment |
| | PutBucketTagging |
| | PutObjectTagging |
| | PutPublicAccessBlock |
| | RestoreObject |
| | SelectObjectContent |

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@ -1,108 +0,0 @@
+++
title = "Migrating from 0.3 to 0.4"
weight = 20
+++
**Migrating from 0.3 to 0.4 is unsupported. This document is only intended to
document the process internally for the Deuxfleurs cluster where we have to do
it. Do not try it yourself, you will lose your data and we will not help you.**
**Migrating from 0.2 to 0.4 will break everything for sure. Never try it.**
The internal data format of Garage hasn't changed much between 0.3 and 0.4.
The Sled database is still the same, and the data directory as well.
The following has changed, all in the meta directory:
- `node_id` in 0.3 contains the identifier of the current node. In 0.4, this
file does nothing and should be deleted. It is replaced by `node_key` (the
secret key) and `node_key.pub` (the associated public key). A node's
identifier on the ring is its public key.
- `peer_info` in 0.3 contains the list of peers saved automatically by Garage.
The format has changed and it is now stored in `peer_list` (`peer_info`
should be deleted).
When migrating, all node identifiers will change. This also means that the
affectation of data partitions on the ring will change, and lots of data will
have to be rebalanced.
- If your cluster has only 3 nodes, all nodes store everything, therefore nothing has to be rebalanced.
- If your cluster has only 4 nodes, for any partition there will always be at
least 2 nodes that stored data before that still store it after. Therefore
the migration should in theory be transparent and Garage should continue to
work during the rebalance.
- If your cluster has 5 or more nodes, data will disappear during the
migration. Do not migrate (fortunately we don't have this scenario at
Deuxfleurs), or if you do, make Garage unavailable until things stabilize
(disable web and api access).
The migration steps are as follows:
1. Prepare a new configuration file for 0.4. For each node, point to the same
meta and data directories as Garage 0.3. Basically, the things that change
are the following:
- No more `rpc_tls` section
- You have to generate a shared `rpc_secret` and put it in all config files
- `bootstrap_peers` has a different syntax as it has to contain node keys.
Leave it empty and use `garage node-id` and `garage node connect` instead (new features of 0.4)
- put the publicly accessible RPC address of your node in `rpc_public_addr` if possible (its optional but recommended)
- If you are using Consul, change the `consul_service_name` to NOT be the name advertised by Nomad.
Now Garage is responsible for advertising its own service itself.
2. Disable api and web access for some time (Garage does not support disabling
these endpoints but you can change the port number or stop your reverse
proxy for instance).
3. Do `garage repair -a --yes tables` and `garage repair -a --yes blocks`,
check the logs and check that all data seems to be synced correctly between
nodes.
4. Save somewhere the output of `garage status`. We will need this to remember
how to reconfigure nodes in 0.4.
5. Turn off Garage 0.3
6. Backup metadata folders if you can (i.e. if you have space to do it
somewhere). Backuping data folders could also be usefull but that's much
harder to do. If your filesystem supports snapshots, this could be a good
time to use them.
7. Turn on Garage 0.4
8. At this point, running `garage status` should indicate that all nodes of the
previous cluster are "unavailable". The nodes have new identifiers that
should appear in healthy nodes once they can talk to one another (use
`garage node connect` if necessary`). They should have NO ROLE ASSIGNED at
the moment.
9. Prepare a script with several `garage node configure` commands that replace
each of the v0.3 node ID with the corresponding v0.4 node ID, with the same
zone/tag/capacity. For example if your node `drosera` had identifier `c24e`
before and now has identifier `789a`, and it was configured with capacity
`2` in zone `dc1`, put the following command in your script:
```bash
garage node configure 789a -z dc1 -c 2 -t drosera --replace c24e
```
10. Run your reconfiguration script. Check that the new output of `garage
status` contains the correct node IDs with the correct values for capacity
and zone. Old nodes should no longer be mentioned.
11. If your cluster has 4 nodes or less, and you are feeling adventurous, you
can reenable Web and API access now. Things will probably work.
12. Garage might already be resyncing stuff. Issue a `garage repair -a --yes
tables` and `garage repair -a --yes blocks` to force it to do so.
13. Wait for resyncing activity to stop in the logs. Do steps 12 and 13 two or
three times, until you see that when you issue the repair commands, nothing
gets resynced any longer.
14. Your upgraded cluster should be in a working state. Re-enable API and Web
access and check that everything went well.

View file

@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
+++
title = "Migrating from 0.5 to 0.6"
weight = 15
+++
**This guide explains how to migrate to 0.6 if you have an existing 0.5 cluster.
We don't recommend trying to migrate to 0.6 directly from 0.4 or older.**
**We make no guarantee that this migration will work perfectly:
back up all your data before attempting it!**
Garage v0.6 introduces a new data model for buckets,
that allows buckets to have many names (aliases).
Buckets can also have "private" aliases (called local aliases),
which are only visible when using a certain access key.
This new data model means that the metadata tables have changed quite a bit in structure,
and a manual migration step is required.
The migration steps are as follows:
1. Disable api and web access for some time (Garage does not support disabling
these endpoints but you can change the port number or stop your reverse
proxy for instance).
2. Do `garage repair -a --yes tables` and `garage repair -a --yes blocks`,
check the logs and check that all data seems to be synced correctly between
nodes.
4. Turn off Garage 0.5
5. **Backup your metadata folders!!**
6. Turn on Garage 0.6
7. At this point, `garage bucket list` should indicate that no buckets are present
in the cluster. `garage key list` should show all of the previously existing
access key, however these keys should not have any permissions to access buckets.
8. Run `garage migrate buckets050`: this will populate the new bucket table with
the buckets that existed previously. This will also give access to API keys
as it was before.
9. Do `garage repair -a --yes tables` and `garage repair -a --yes blocks`,
check the logs and check that all data seems to be synced correctly between
nodes.
10. Check that all your buckets indeed appear in `garage bucket list`, and that
keys have the proper access flags set. If that is not the case, revert
everything and file a bug!
11. Your upgraded cluster should be in a working state. Re-enable API and Web
access and check that everything went well.

View file

@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
+++
title = "Migrating from 0.6 to 0.7"
weight = 14
+++
**This guide explains how to migrate to 0.7 if you have an existing 0.6 cluster.
We don't recommend trying to migrate to 0.7 directly from 0.5 or older.**
**We make no guarantee that this migration will work perfectly:
back up all your data before attempting it!**
Garage v0.7 introduces a cluster protocol change to support request tracing through OpenTelemetry.
No data structure is changed, so no data migration is required.
The migration steps are as follows:
1. Do `garage repair --all-nodes --yes tables` and `garage repair --all-nodes --yes blocks`,
check the logs and check that all data seems to be synced correctly between
nodes. If you have time, do additional checks (`scrub`, `block_refs`, etc.)
2. Disable api and web access. Garage does not support disabling
these endpoints but you can change the port number or stop your reverse
proxy for instance.
3. Check once again that your cluster is healty. Run again `garage repair --all-nodes --yes tables` which is quick.
Also check your queues are empty, run `garage stats` to query them.
4. Turn off Garage v0.6
5. Backup the metadata folder of all your nodes: `cd /var/lib/garage ; tar -acf meta-v0.6.tar.zst meta/`
6. Install Garage v0.7, edit the configuration if you plan to use OpenTelemetry or the Kubernetes integration
7. Turn on Garage v0.7
8. Do `garage repair --all-nodes --yes tables` and `garage repair --all-nodes --yes blocks`
9. Your upgraded cluster should be in a working state. Re-enable API and Web
access and check that everything went well.
10. Monitor your cluster in the next hours to see if it works well under your production load, report any issue.

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@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
*.bbl
*.aux
*.bcf
*.blg
*.log
*.run.xml
*.synctex.gz
build/
main.pdf
figures/crdt.pdf

View file

@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
.PHONY: all viewpdf pdf clean
TARGET = main
SOURCE_FILES = $(shell find . -type f -name "*.tex" -print)
CLASS_FILES = $(shell find . -type f -name "*.cls" -print)
BIB_FILES = $(shell find . -type f -name "*.bib" -print)
FIGURES = $(shell find . -path "./figures/*" -type f -print)
BUILD_PATH = build
BUILD_FILES = $(shell find $(BUILD_PATH) -type f -print)
BIB_PROCESSOR := biber
.PHONY: all pdf clean figures
all: pdf
pdf: $(TARGET).pdf
clean:
@rm $(TARGET).pdf $(BUILD_FILES) > /dev/null 2>&1 || exit 0
figures: figures/crdt.pdf
$(TARGET).pdf: figures $(FIGURES) $(SOURCE_FILES) $(BIB_FILES) $(CLASS_FILES)
@mkdir -p $(BUILD_PATH) > /dev/null 2>&1 || exit 0
@pdflatex -interaction=nonstopmode -jobname=$(TARGET) -output-directory $(BUILD_PATH) $(TARGET).tex
@$(BIB_PROCESSOR) --output-directory $(BUILD_PATH) $(TARGET)
@pdflatex -interaction=nonstopmode -jobname=$(TARGET) -output-directory $(BUILD_PATH) $(TARGET).tex # For biber
@pdflatex -interaction=nonstopmode -jobname=$(TARGET) -output-directory $(BUILD_PATH) $(TARGET).tex # For biber
@ln -fs $(BUILD_PATH)/$(TARGET).pdf $(TARGET).pdf
figures/crdt.pdf: figures/svg/crdt.svg
@inkscape -C --file=$< --export-pdf=$@

View file

@ -1 +0,0 @@
Presentation of Garage by Adrien on April, 28th 2021, for his research team [Spirals](https://team.inria.fr/spirals/).

View file

@ -1,27 +0,0 @@
@inproceedings{brewer_towards_2000,
title = {Towards {{Robust Distributed Systems}}},
booktitle = {{{ACM PODC}}},
author = {Brewer, Eric},
year = {2000}
}
@incollection{defago_conflict-free_2011,
title = {Conflict-{{Free Replicated Data Types}}},
booktitle = {Stabilization, {{Safety}}, and {{Security}} of {{Distributed Systems}}},
author = {Shapiro, Marc and Pregui{\c c}a, Nuno and Baquero, Carlos and Zawirski, Marek},
year = {2011},
address = {{Berlin, Heidelberg}},
}
@inproceedings{decandia_dynamo:_2007,
title = {Dynamo: {{Amazon}}'s {{Highly Available Key}}-Value {{Store}}},
booktitle = {{ACM SOSP}},
author = {DeCandia, Giuseppe and Hastorun, Deniz and Jampani, Madan and Kakulapati, Gunavardhan and Lakshman, Avinash and Pilchin, Alex and Sivasubramanian, Swaminathan and Vosshall, Peter and Vogels, Werner},
year = {2007},
address = {{New York, USA}},
}

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