We will describe the general design principle of the latest version of the mask in this secion. The is also a similar [_section on the older version_](#4-older-version), that is more sucint as it is not the recommanded version _at least not without you tweaking and understanding this version_.
To know how to assemble/print this mask, see the [_section on mask assembly and printing_](#2-mask-assembly-and-printing_), and if you want to change parameters check the [_section explaining parameters_](#3-explanation-of-parameters).
It is recommanded to apply grease (_prefere food safe vaseline_) arround thread, arround the insuflation mask connector and arround the perimeter of the one way valve to improve the seal.
If you are using a 3D printed (_or DIY_) filter (_as described in [the section bellow](#1-b-filtering-canister)_), change regularly the filtering material - in general activated charcoal - and clean the enclosure if youdon't change it.
In general do a fitment check before using the mask : put a piece of plastic (_or your hand_) at the entrance of the filter you are using, and breath in hard. You shouldn't fill air entering you lungs, and the mask should compress to you face under the suction force.
The final design relies on an insuflation mask (_with a standard 22m inner diameter connector) for good fittment to the face of the user. The advantage of this is that the fittment is good, there are mumtiple sizes to choose from, and insuflation mask are readly available (_they are suppose to be single use only, and are used at every anesthesia, CPR and in many other cases_) and **cheap** (_there are some available for arround 2€ at [medisafe.fr](https://www.medisafe.fr/secours/oxygene/insufflateur-bavu/masque-insufflateur-usage-unique.html#MA285-2612-TAI1140_) for example_).
The downside of this method are that firstly these mask tend to deteriorate over time and with use as they are ment to be single use item, however they are obviously swapable so they can be switched when unsusable ; and secondly that the height of these mask and the length of the adapter puts the majority of the mask weight far from the face and thus a bit unconfortable, espacially under quick head movments.
This mask supports standard 40mm threaded canisters - sometimes also known as "_nato threaded_" canisters - which the standard dimensions are defined in [sources/dimension/nato_thread_spec.png](./sources/dimension/nato_thread_spec.png).
This mask can support two separate canisters, which can be advantageous if you need more filtration or less resistance to breathing, especially with smaller canisters. If you want to use a single canister, you can plug the other thread using a 40mm canister plug - one of which can be printed from the provided file (_located at_ [(distorsion/)3D-printed-parametric-40mm-gaz-mask-canister/3Dfiles/nato_thread_plug.stl](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/distorsion/3D-printed-parametric-40mm-gaz-mask-canister/src/branch/main/3Dfiles)) in the _submodule_ mentioned in the next paragraph.
We also provide a 3D printed canister following this standard and compatible with this mask and other standard gaz mask in the [distorsion/3D-printed-parametric-respiratory-one-way-valve](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/distorsion/3D-printed-parametric-40mm-gaz-mask-canister) repository, which is a submodule of this repository located at [./3D-printed-parametric-respiratory-one-way-valve](./).
:warning: **WARNING : _Please don't use a 3D printed canister (or even our mask) in life threatening situations !_** :warning: Or at least understand the inner working of gaz mask and test your gaz mask (_especialy its fittment to your face_) before using it.
There is also an older version of such a canister modeled within the file of the [_old gaz mask version_](#4-b-_older-version-_-filtering-canister).
This maks uses a (_one or two_) 3D printed one-way valve : one for exhaling, and can also use one for inhaling. The design of the one way valve is presented in more detail in the [distorsion/3D-printed-parametric-respiratory-one-way-valve](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/distorsion/3D-printed-parametric-respiratory-one-way-valve) repository, which is also a submodule of this repository present at [./sources/3D-printed-parametric-respiratory-one-way-valve](./sources/).
The "ouput" one way valve (_which is used for exhaling_) is usefull to make breathing easier by not forcing you to exhale through the canister, while preventing air to come in without passing through the canister. A filter can be held in front of this valve to prevent particles from deposing at the exit of this valve, which could reduce its seal while inhaling. However, this valve is an output valve and will thus naturally push away suspended particles, and it is oriented down thus making gravity help in preveting particles from sticking to the valve. Thus to make the mask lighter it is not recommanded to use the longer version of the output valve that is made to hold a filter.
An "input" one way valve (_used for inhaling_) can be used to force air to not exit through the canister. This makes both exhaling and inhaling harder, and this thus not recomanded, _at least without tweaking other parameters_.
Assembly of the mask is very simple, you wil first need to print :
- 1 main adapter from [3Dfiles/adapter_tube.stl](./3Dfiles/)
- supplies for the output one-way valve :
- 1 base for the one-way valve [3Dfiles/one_way_valve/owv_base_cap.stl](./3Dfiles/one_way_valve/)
- either 1 membrane insert for the one-way valve [3Dfiles/one_way_valve/owv_membrane_insert.stl](./3Dfiles/one_way_valve/), or 1 separate membrane (_printed out of TPU_) [3Dfiles/one_way_valve/owv_separate_membrane.stl](./3Dfiles/one_way_valve/) and 1 holder for the membrane [3Dfiles/one_way_valve/owv_separate_membrane_insert.stl](./3Dfiles/one_way_valve/)
- _Optionally :_ 1 cap to hold a filter at the exit of the one way valve [3Dfiles/one_way_valve/owv_base_cap.stl](./3Dfiles/one_way_valve/). **_Will rquire modifying the adapter_tube file parameters !_**
- _Optionally :_ supplies for an input-one way valve : **_Will rquire modifying the adapter_tube file parameters !_**
- 1 base for the one-way valve [3Dfiles/one_way_valve/owv_base_cap.stl](./3Dfiles/one_way_valve/)
- either 1 membrane insert for the one-way valve [3Dfiles/one_way_valve/owv_membrane_insert.stl](./3Dfiles/one_way_valve/), or 1 separate membrane (_printed out of TPU_) [3Dfiles/one_way_valve/owv_separate_membrane.stl](./3Dfiles/one_way_valve/) and 1 holder for the membrane [3Dfiles/one_way_valve/owv_separate_membrane_insert.stl](./3Dfiles/one_way_valve/)
Everything (_except the separate membrane which is to be printed out of TPU, but can be replaced by a membrane insert_) is very resilient to different print parameters and materials. We would suggest PETG, especially for the _membrane insert_ which has to flex at each breath.
Print orientation are quite evident, altough we would suggest priting the adapter tube with the flat "top" surface on the bed, and using miniaml support to support the two threads ment to hold filters and to support the insuflation mask connector.
You will also need extra supplies :
- 1 insuflation mask of the correct size
- ~1m/3ft of elastic to hold the mask to yor face
- either 2 compatible filter canister or 1 filter canister and 1 plug
To assemble you can connect the insufltion mask to the adapter with the oppenig of the main tube of the adapter pointing toward the chin ; and tie two adjustable elastic loops (_simply tie the elastic to one side, loop it through the other side and tie a knot onto itself so it can slide lengthening/shortening the elastic loop length_) to the two pairs of tie-off points to hold the mask to your face.
To assemble the output one-way valve you can first screw the base ([3Dfiles/one_way_valve/owv_base_cap.stl](./3Dfiles/one_way_valve/)) into the main tube of the adapter, with the smoother surface pointing down, until it is right under the tube that connect to the insuflation mask. After greasing the surface you can screw the membrane insert ([3Dfiles/one_way_valve/owv_membrane_insert.stl](./3Dfiles/one_way_valve/)_, or equivalently_ [3Dfiles/one_way_valve/owv_separate_membrane.stl](./3Dfiles/one_way_valve/) _and_ [3Dfiles/one_way_valve/owv_separate_membrane_insert.stl](./3Dfiles/one_way_valve/)) until the membrane makes contact with the smooth surface of the base.
If you opted to use an output filter (**_and have accordingly modified the parameters of the adapter tube**), you can no put the filter aterial (_coton, or some other minimaly ait-restricting material_) at the output of the one-way valve, and thread a cap ([3Dfiles/one_way_valve/owv_base_cap.stl](./3Dfiles/one_way_valve/)) to hold it into place.
**Note** that if you chose to use an input one-way valve (**_and have accordingly modified the parameters of the adapter tube**), you need to screw the same 3D-prints as for the output one-way valve **before** screwing the ones for the output one-way valve. The pieces for the input one-way valve would be screwed in the same order and orientation as for the output one-way valve, but would be screwed as far as possible into the adapter tube.
You can finally screw a canister or plug to each of the two thread, and you have an assembled mask !
The older version of the mask can be made either to work with standard 40mm cartrdige (as the newer version), or an integrated canister which makes it more confortable to use.
As this version is not the main supported version, we will not go into detail into explanation, and we will foccus on differences with the latest version.
### 4.a - _Older version :_ Interfacing with the face
