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The Garage Geo-Distributed Data Store
Garage is a lightweight geo-distributed data store. It comes from the observation that despite numerous object stores many people have broken data management policies (backup/replication on a single site or none at all). To promote better data management policies, with focused on the following desirable properties:
- Self-contained & lightweight: works everywhere and integrates well in existing environments to target hyperconverged infrastructures
- Highly resilient: highly resilient to network failures, network latency, disk failures, sysadmin failures
- Simple: simple to understand, simple to operate, simple to debug
- Internet enabled: made for multi-sites (eg. datacenter, offices, etc.) interconnected through a regular internet connection.
We also noted that the pursuit of some other goals are detrimental to our initial goals. The following have been identified has non-goals, if it matters to you, you should not use Garage:
- Extreme performances: high performances constrain a lot the design and the infrastructure; we seek performances through minimalism only.
- Feature extensiveness: complete implementation of the S3 API or any other API to make garage a drop-in replacement is not targeted as it could lead to decisions impacting our desirable properties.
- Storage optimizations: erasure coding or any other coding technique both increase the difficulty of placing data and synchronizing; we limit ourselves to duplication.
- POSIX/Filesystem compatibility: we do not aim at being POSIX compatible or to emulate any kind of filesystem. Indeed, in a distributed environment, such syncronizations are translated in network messages that impose severe constraints on the deployment.
Supported and planned protocols
Garage speaks (or will speak) the following protocols:
- S3 - SUPPORTED - Enable applications to store large blobs such as pictures, video, images, documents, etc. S3 is versatile enough to also be used to publish a static website.
- IMAP - PLANNED - email storage is quite complex to get good oerformances. To keep performances optimals, most imap servers only support on-disk storage. We plan to add logic to Garage to make it a viable solution for email storage.
- More to come
Use Cases
Deuxfleurs : Garage is used by Deuxfleurs which is a non-profit hosting organization. Especially, it is used to host their main website, this documentation and some of its members's blogs. Additionally, Garage is used as a backend for Nextcloud. Deuxfleurs also plans to use Garage as their Matrix's media backend and has the backend of OCIS.
Are you using Garage? Open a pull request to add your organization here!
Comparison to existing software
Minio : Minio shares our self-contained & lightweight goal but selected two of our non-goals: storage optimizations through erasure coding and POSIX/Filesystem compatibility through strong consistency. However, by pursuing these two non-goals, minio do not reach our desirable properties. First, it fails on the simple property: due to the erasure coding, minio has severe limitations on how drives can be added or deleted from a cluster. Second, it fails on the interned enabled property: due to its strong consistency, minio is latency sensitive. Furthermore, minio has no knowledge of "sites" and thus can not distribute data to minimize the failure of a given site.
Openstack Swift : OpenStack Swift at least fails on the self-contained & lightweight goal. Starting it requires around 8Gb of RAM, which is too much especially in an hyperconverged infrastructure. It seems also to be far from Simple.
Ceph : This review holds for the whole Ceph stack, including the RADOS paper, Ceph Object Storage module, the RADOS Gateway, etc. At is core, Ceph has been designed to provide POSIX/Filesystem compatibility which requires strong consistency, which in turn makes Ceph latency sensitive and fails our Internet enabled goal. Due to its industry oriented design, Ceph is also far from being Simple to operate and from being self-contained & lightweight which makes it hard to integrate it in an hyperconverged infrastructure. In a certain way, Ceph and Minio are closer togethers than they are from Garage or OpenStack Swift.
More comparisons are available in our Related Work chapter.
Other Resources
This website is not the only source of information about Garage! We reference here other places on the Internet where you can learn more about Garage.
Rust API (docs.rs)
If you encounter a specific bug in Garage or plan to patch it, you may jump directly to the source code documentation!
- garage_api - contains the S3 standard API endpoint
- garage_model - contains Garage's model built on the table abstraction
- garage_rpc - contains Garage's federation protocol
- garage_table - contains core Garage's CRDT datatypes
- garage_util - contains garage entrypoints (daemon, cli)
- garage_web - contains the S3 website endpoint
Talks
We love to talk and hear about Garage, that's why we keep a log here:
Did you write or talk about Garage? Open a pull request to add a link here!
Community
If you want to discuss with us, you can join our Matrix channel at #garage:deuxfleurs.fr. Our code and our issue tracker, which is the place where you should report bugs, are managed on Deuxfleurs' Gitea.
License
Garage, all the source code, is released under the AGPL v3 License. Please note that if you patch Garage and then use it to provide any service over a network, you must share your code!