forked from Deuxfleurs/garage
WIP front page garage
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The design section helps you to see Garage from a "big picture" perspective.
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It will allow you to understand if Garage is a good fit for you,
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how to better use it, how to contribute to it, what can Garage could and could not do, etc.
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## Goals and non-goals
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Garage is an opinionated object storage solutoin, we focus on the following **desirable properties**:
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- **Self-contained & lightweight**: works everywhere and integrates well in existing environments to target [hyperconverged infrastructures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-converged_infrastructure).
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- **Highly resilient**: highly resilient to network failures, network latency, disk failures, sysadmin failures.
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- **Simple**: simple to understand, simple to operate, simple to debug.
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- **Internet enabled**: made for multi-sites (eg. datacenters, offices, households, etc.) interconnected through regular Internet connections.
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We also noted that the pursuit of some other goals are detrimental to our initial goals.
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The following has been identified as **non-goals** (if these points matter to you, you should not use Garage):
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- **Extreme performances**: high performances constrain a lot the design and the infrastructure; we seek performances through minimalism only.
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- **Feature extensiveness**: we do not plan to add additional features compared to the ones provided by the S3 API.
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- **Storage optimizations**: erasure coding or any other coding technique both increase the difficulty of placing data and synchronizing; we limit ourselves to duplication.
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- **POSIX/Filesystem compatibility**: we do not aim at being POSIX compatible or to emulate any kind of filesystem. Indeed, in a distributed environment, such synchronizations are translated in network messages that impose severe constraints on the deployment.
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## Talks
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We love to talk and hear about Garage, that's why we keep a log here:
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- [(en, 2021-04-28) Distributed object storage is centralised](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/raw/commit/b1f60579a13d3c5eba7f74b1775c84639ea9b51a/doc/talks/2021-04-28_spirals-team/talk.pdf)
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- [(fr, 2020-12-02) Garage : jouer dans la cour des grands quand on est un hébergeur associatif](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/raw/commit/b1f60579a13d3c5eba7f74b1775c84639ea9b51a/doc/talks/2020-12-02_wide-team/talk.pdf)
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*Did you write or talk about Garage? [Open a pull request](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/) to add a link here!*
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@ -41,13 +41,34 @@ There were many attempts in research too. I am only thinking to [LBFS](https://p
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## Existing software
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**[Pithos](https://github.com/exoscale/pithos) :**
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**[MinIO](https://min.io/):** MinIO shares our *Self-contained & lightweight* goal but selected two of our non-goals: *Storage optimizations* through erasure coding and *POSIX/Filesystem compatibility* through strong consistency.
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However, by pursuing these two non-goals, MinIO do not reach our desirable properties.
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Firstly, it fails on the *Simple* property: due to the erasure coding, MinIO has severe limitations on how drives can be added or deleted from a cluster.
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Secondly, it fails on the *Internet enabled* property: due to its strong consistency, MinIO is latency sensitive.
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Furthermore, MinIO has no knowledge of "sites" and thus can not distribute data to minimize the failure of a given site.
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**[Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/):**
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OpenStack Swift at least fails on the *Self-contained & lightweight* goal.
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Starting it requires around 8GB of RAM, which is too much especially in an hyperconverged infrastructure.
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We also do not classify Swift as *Simple*.
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**[Ceph](https://ceph.io/ceph-storage/object-storage/):**
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This review holds for the whole Ceph stack, including the RADOS paper, Ceph Object Storage module, the RADOS Gateway, etc.
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At its core, Ceph has been designed to provide *POSIX/Filesystem compatibility* which requires strong consistency, which in turn
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makes Ceph latency-sensitive and fails our *Internet enabled* goal.
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Due to its industry oriented design, Ceph is also far from being *Simple* to operate and from being *Self-contained & lightweight* which makes it hard to integrate it in an hyperconverged infrastructure.
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In a certain way, Ceph and MinIO are closer together than they are from Garage or OpenStack Swift.
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**[Pithos](https://github.com/exoscale/pithos)**
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Pithos has been abandonned and should probably not used yet, in the following we explain why we did not pick their design.
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Pithos was relying as a S3 proxy in front of Cassandra (and was working with Scylla DB too).
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From its designers' mouth, storing data in Cassandra has shown its limitations justifying the project abandonment.
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They built a closed-source version 2 that does not store blobs in the database (only metadata) but did not communicate further on it.
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We considered there v2's design but concluded that it does not fit both our *Self-contained & lightweight* and *Simple* properties. It makes the development, the deployment and the operations more complicated while reducing the flexibility.
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**[Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/index.html)**
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*Not written yet*
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**[IPFS](https://ipfs.io/) :**
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*Not written yet*
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@ -2,3 +2,13 @@
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Now that you are a Garage expert, you want to enhance it, you are in the right place!
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We discuss here how to hack on Garage, how we manage its development, etc.
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## Rust API (docs.rs)
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If you encounter a specific bug in Garage or plan to patch it, you may jump directly to the source code's documentation!
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- [garage\_api](https://docs.rs/garage_api/latest/garage_api/) - contains the S3 standard API endpoint
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- [garage\_model](https://docs.rs/garage_model/latest/garage_model/) - contains Garage's model built on the table abstraction
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- [garage\_rpc](https://docs.rs/garage_rpc/latest/garage_rpc/) - contains Garage's federation protocol
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- [garage\_table](https://docs.rs/garage_table/latest/garage_table/) - contains core Garage's CRDT datatypes
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- [garage\_util](https://docs.rs/garage_util/latest/garage_util/) - contains garage helpers
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- [garage\_web](https://docs.rs/garage_web/latest/garage_web/) - contains the S3 website endpoint
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3
doc/book/src/img/map.svg
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doc/book/src/img/software.svg
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doc/book/src/img/usage.svg
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@ -12,11 +12,10 @@
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]
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</p>
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```
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This very website is hosted using Garage. In other words: the doc is the PoC!
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```
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# The Garage Geo-Distributed Data Store
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# Data resiliency for everyone
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OLD
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Garage is a lightweight geo-distributed data store that implements the
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[Amazon S3](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/Welcome.html)
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@ -31,70 +30,67 @@ policies (backup/replication on a single site or none at all). To promote
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better data management policies, we focused on the following **desirable
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properties**:
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- **Self-contained & lightweight**: works everywhere and integrates well in existing environments to target [hyperconverged infrastructures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-converged_infrastructure).
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- **Highly resilient**: highly resilient to network failures, network latency, disk failures, sysadmin failures.
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- **Simple**: simple to understand, simple to operate, simple to debug.
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- **Internet enabled**: made for multi-sites (eg. datacenters, offices, households, etc.) interconnected through regular Internet connections.
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We also noted that the pursuit of some other goals are detrimental to our initial goals.
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The following has been identified as **non-goals** (if these points matter to you, you should not use Garage):
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Non-goals:
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- **Extreme performances**: high performances constrain a lot the design and the infrastructure; we seek performances through minimalism only.
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- **Feature extensiveness**: complete implementation of the S3 API or any other API to make Garage a drop-in replacement is not targeted as it could lead to decisions impacting our desirable properties.
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- **Storage optimizations**: erasure coding or any other coding technique both increase the difficulty of placing data and synchronizing; we limit ourselves to duplication.
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- **POSIX/Filesystem compatibility**: we do not aim at being POSIX compatible or to emulate any kind of filesystem. Indeed, in a distributed environment, such synchronizations are translated in network messages that impose severe constraints on the deployment.
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## Use Cases
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Use-cases:
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**[Deuxfleurs](https://deuxfleurs.fr):** Garage is used by Deuxfleurs which
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is a non-profit hosting organization. Especially, it is used to host their
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main website, this documentation and some of its members' blogs.
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Deuxfleurs also uses Garage as their [Matrix's media
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backend](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse-s3-storage-provider).
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Deuxfleurs also uses it in its continuous integration platform to store
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Drone's job logs and a Nix binary cache.
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- **[Deuxfleurs](https://deuxfleurs.fr):** Garage is used by Deuxfleurs which
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is a non-profit hosting organization. Especially, it is used to host their
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main website, this documentation and some of its members' blogs.
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Deuxfleurs also uses Garage as their [Matrix's media
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backend](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse-s3-storage-provider).
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Deuxfleurs also uses it in its continuous integration platform to store
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Drone's job logs and a Nix binary cache.
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*Are you using Garage? [Open a pull request](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/) to add your organization here!*
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ENDOLD
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## Comparison to existing software
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**[MinIO](https://min.io/):** MinIO shares our *Self-contained & lightweight* goal but selected two of our non-goals: *Storage optimizations* through erasure coding and *POSIX/Filesystem compatibility* through strong consistency.
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However, by pursuing these two non-goals, MinIO do not reach our desirable properties.
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Firstly, it fails on the *Simple* property: due to the erasure coding, MinIO has severe limitations on how drives can be added or deleted from a cluster.
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Secondly, it fails on the *Internet enabled* property: due to its strong consistency, MinIO is latency sensitive.
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Furthermore, MinIO has no knowledge of "sites" and thus can not distribute data to minimize the failure of a given site.
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Garage is an **open-source** distributed **storage service** you can **self-host** to fullfill many needs.
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**[Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/):**
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OpenStack Swift at least fails on the *Self-contained & lightweight* goal.
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Starting it requires around 8GB of RAM, which is too much especially in an hyperconverged infrastructure.
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We also do not classify Swift as *Simple*.
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom: 5rem;">
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<img alt="Summary of the possible usages with a related icon: host a website, store media and backup target" src="img/usage.svg" />
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</p>
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**[Ceph](https://ceph.io/ceph-storage/object-storage/):**
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This review holds for the whole Ceph stack, including the RADOS paper, Ceph Object Storage module, the RADOS Gateway, etc.
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At its core, Ceph has been designed to provide *POSIX/Filesystem compatibility* which requires strong consistency, which in turn
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makes Ceph latency-sensitive and fails our *Internet enabled* goal.
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Due to its industry oriented design, Ceph is also far from being *Simple* to operate and from being *Self-contained & lightweight* which makes it hard to integrate it in an hyperconverged infrastructure.
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In a certain way, Ceph and MinIO are closer together than they are from Garage or OpenStack Swift.
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Garage implements the **[Amazon S3 API](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/Welcome.html)** and thus is already **compatible** with many applications.
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*More comparisons are available in our [Related Work](design/related_work.md) chapter.*
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom: 8rem;">
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<img alt="Garage is already compatible with Nextcloud, Mastodon, Matrix Synapse, Cyberduck, RClone and Peertube" src="img/software.svg" />
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</p>
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## Other Resources
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This website is not the only source of information about Garage!
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We reference here other places on the Internet where you can learn more about Garage.
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Garage provides **data resiliency** by **replicating** data 3x over **distant** servers.
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### Rust API (docs.rs)
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center; margin-bottom: 5rem;">
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<img alt="An example deployment on a map with servers in 5 zones: UK, France, Belgium, Germany and Switzerland. Each chunk of data is replicated in 3 of these 5 zones." src="img/map.svg" />
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</p>
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If you encounter a specific bug in Garage or plan to patch it, you may jump directly to the source code's documentation!
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Did you notice that *this website* is hosted and served by Garage?
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- [garage\_api](https://docs.rs/garage_api/latest/garage_api/) - contains the S3 standard API endpoint
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- [garage\_model](https://docs.rs/garage_model/latest/garage_model/) - contains Garage's model built on the table abstraction
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- [garage\_rpc](https://docs.rs/garage_rpc/latest/garage_rpc/) - contains Garage's federation protocol
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- [garage\_table](https://docs.rs/garage_table/latest/garage_table/) - contains core Garage's CRDT datatypes
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- [garage\_util](https://docs.rs/garage_util/latest/garage_util/) - contains garage helpers
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- [garage\_web](https://docs.rs/garage_web/latest/garage_web/) - contains the S3 website endpoint
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## Keeping requirements low
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### Talks
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We worked hard to keep requirements as low as possible as we target the largest possible public.
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* **CPU:** any x86\_64 CPU from the last 10 years, ARMv7 or ARMv8.
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* **RAM:** 1GB
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* **Disk Space:** at least 16GB
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* **Network:** 200ms or less, 50 Mbps or more
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*For the network, as we do not use consensus algorithms like Paxos or Raft, Garage is not as latency sensitive.*
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*Thanks to Rust and its zero-cost abstractions, we keep CPU and memory low.*
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## Built on the shoulder of giants
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- [Dynamo: Amazon’s Highly Available Key-value Store ](https://dl.acm.org/doi/abs/10.1145/1323293.1294281) by DeCandia et al.
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- [Conflict-Free Replicated Data Types](https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-24550-3_29) by Shapiro et al.
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- [Maglev: A Fast and Reliable Software Network Load Balancer](https://www.usenix.org/conference/nsdi16/technical-sessions/presentation/eisenbud) by Eisenbud et al.
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- [Merkle Search Trees: Efficient State-Based CRDTs in Open Networks](https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9049566) by Auvolat and Taïani
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## Talks
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We love to talk and hear about Garage, that's why we keep a log here:
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@ -116,7 +112,7 @@ Our code repository and issue tracker, which is the place where you should repor
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Garage's source code, is released under the [AGPL v3 License](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.en.html).
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Please note that if you patch Garage and then use it to provide any service over a network, you must share your code!
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# Funding
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# Sponsors and funding
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The Deuxfleurs association has received a grant from [NGI POINTER](https://pointer.ngi.eu/), to fund 3 people working on Garage full-time for a year: from October 2021 to September 2022.
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