wpj428/README.md

WPJ428 + SIMCOM 8202G
=====================

We try to build a FOSS 5GNR Router with OpenWRT.
Some challenges we have encountered so far:
  - OpenWRT stable misses a patch to enable our board ethernet port -> we compile from source
  - The Modem Manager simtech plugin does not declare 5GNR

## Flash OpenWRT from uboot

(Configure your computer with a static IP address 192.168.1.2/24 and make sure you have a running tftp server containing your image)

First connect your UART cable on the router:

![UART](img/uart.jpg)

Launch minicom

```
sudo minicom -D /dev/ttyUSB0
```

Then boot the router. Press repeatidly `[ENTER]` to get the following prompt:

```
(IPQ40xx) #
```

Then enter the following commands:

```
set ipaddr 192.168.1.1
set serverip 192.168.1.2
ping ${serverip}
sf probe
tftpboot 0x84000000 openwrt-ipq40xx-generic-compex_wpj428-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin
sf erase 0x00180000 +$filesize
sf write 0x84000000 0x00180000 $filesize
bootipq
```

## Compile

```
make menuconfig
scripts/diffconfig.sh > ../wpj428/config
make download
make -j $(nproc)
```

To inject a config file:

```bash
# Append changes to bottom of .config
cat config >> .config
# Apply changes
make defconfig
make download
make -j $(nproc)
```

## Flash OpenWRT from OpenWRT (!)

Copy the firmware in router's `/tmp`.
Why `/tmp`? Your router has more volatile storage than persistent one, moreover you will overwrite the persistent storage.
So, copy the firmware in `/tmp`!
Next, we will use the `sysupgrade` command. `-v` is verbose, `-n` ask openwrt to erase configuration files (ie. ask for a factory reset).

```
sysupgrade -v -n /tmp/openwrt-ipq40xx-generic-compex_wpj428-squashfs-sysupgrade.bin
```

## Get root on MimoAP

  1. Download a backup from your router firmware
  2. Extract it, edit `/etc/shadow`, replace the hash of the `root` user with the one from the `admin` user
  3. Recompress the folder hierarchy
  4. Import this new archive as backup in MimoAP
  5. Run `ssh root@192.168.1.1` (replace with the IP address of your router) and use your `admin` password
  6. Enjoy! (But you should really install a vanilla OpenWRT instead)

## Flash OpenWRT from Compex ROM (MimoAP)

*Not written*

## Flash MimoAP/OpenWRT with Compex tools on Uboot

*Not written*

## Using ModemManager

Wait for modems:

```
mmcli -M
```

Connect/Disconnect:

```
mmcli -m 0 --simple-connect="apn=free"
mmcli -m 0 --simple-disconnect
```

Set supported/preferred mode:

```
mmcli -m 0 --set-allowed-modes="3G|4G" --set-preferred-mode=4G
mmcli -m 0 --set-allowed-modes="5G"
```

Equivalent with `qmicli`:

```
qmicli --device=/dev/cdc-wdm0 --device-open-proxy --nas-get-system-selection-preference
qmicli --device=/dev/cdc-wdm0 --device-open-proxy --nas-set-system-selection-preference='5gnr|lte'
```

## QMICLI Connect

About our provider (Free Mobile), IPv4 is acquired through DHCP but IPv6 is statically provided.

### IPv6

```
qmicli --device=/dev/cdc-wdm0 --device-open-proxy --wds-start-network="ip-type=6,apn=free" --client-no-release-cid
qmicli --device=/dev/cdc-wdm0 --device-open-proxy   --wds-get-current-settings
ip addr add 2a0d:e487:15f:f7f5:5c58:4e37:90c0:74d8/64 dev wwan0
ip route add default via 2a0d:e487:15f:f7f5:49ec:2e4a:ca1:5b20
echo -e "nameserver 2a0d:e480::1\nnameserver 2a0d:e480::2" > /etc/resolv.conf
```

### IPv4

```
qmicli --device=/dev/cdc-wdm0 --device-open-proxy --wds-start-network="ip-type=4,apn=free" --client-no-release-cid
udhcpc -q -f -n -i wwan0
```

## Unable to directly connect in 5GNR

Despite patching ModemManager simtech plugin, we get an error if we force 5GNR.
We typed:

```
mmcli -m 0 --set-allowed-modes="5G"
mmcli -m 0 --simple-disconnect
mmcli -m 0 --simple-connect="apn=free"
```

We got:

```
Fri Mar 19 23:57:22 2021 daemon.warn [2633]: <warn>  [modem0] couldn't load operator code: Current operator MCC/MNC is still unknown
Fri Mar 19 23:57:22 2021 daemon.warn [2633]: <warn>  [modem0] couldn't load operator name: Current operator description is still unknown
Fri Mar 19 23:57:48 2021 daemon.info [2633]: <info>  [modem0] state changed (connected -> disconnecting)
Fri Mar 19 23:57:48 2021 daemon.info [2633]: <info>  [modem0] state changed (disconnecting -> registered)
Fri Mar 19 23:57:48 2021 daemon.info [2633]: <info>  [modem0/bearer1] connection #1 finished: duration 936s, tx: 79 bytes, rx :566 bytes
Fri Mar 19 23:57:57 2021 daemon.info [2633]: <info>  [modem0] simple connect started...
Fri Mar 19 23:57:57 2021 daemon.info [2633]: <info>  [modem0] simple connect state (4/8): wait to get fully enabled
Fri Mar 19 23:57:57 2021 daemon.info [2633]: <info>  [modem0] simple connect state (5/8): register
Fri Mar 19 23:57:57 2021 daemon.info [2633]: <info>  [modem0] simple connect state (6/8): bearer
Fri Mar 19 23:57:57 2021 daemon.info [2633]: <info>  [modem0] simple connect state (7/8): connect
Fri Mar 19 23:57:57 2021 daemon.info [2633]: <info>  [modem0] state changed (registered -> connecting)
Fri Mar 19 23:57:57 2021 daemon.info [2633]: <info>  [modem0/bearer1] couldn't start network: QMI protocol error (14): 'CallFailed'
Fri Mar 19 23:57:57 2021 daemon.info [2633]: <info>  [modem0/bearer1] call end reason (3): generic-no-service
Fri Mar 19 23:57:57 2021 daemon.info [2633]: <info>  [modem0/bearer1] verbose call end reason (3,2001): [cm] no-service
Fri Mar 19 23:57:57 2021 daemon.warn [2633]: <warn>  [modem0/bearer1] connection attempt #2 failed: QMI protocol error (14): 'CallFailed'
Fri Mar 19 23:57:57 2021 daemon.info [2633]: <info>  [modem0] state changed (connecting -> registered)
Fri Mar 19 23:57:57 2021 daemon.info [2633]: <info>  [modem0/bearer1] connection #2 finished: duration 0s, tx: 0 bytes, rx :0 bytes
```

And the new bearer contains:

```
root@OpenWrt:/# mmcli -b 1
  ----------------------------
  General    |           path: /org/freedesktop/ModemManager1/Bearer/1
             |           type: default
  ----------------------------
  Status     |      connected: no
             |      suspended: no
             |     ip timeout: 20
  ----------------------------
  Properties |            apn: free
             |        roaming: allowed
  ----------------------------
  Statistics |       attempts: 2
             |       attempts: 1
             | total-duration: 936
             | total-bytes rx: 566
             | total-bytes tx: 79
```

Errors :

```
QMI protocol error (14): 'CallFailed'
```


```
call end reason (3): generic-no-service
verbose call end reason (3,2001): [cm] no-service
```


## Final Modem Configuration

### Generic

  1. Set a password
  2. Set a name: `parangon`
  3. Set IP range: `192.168.0.254/24`

### ModemManager

We append the following to ModemManager:

```
config interface 'broadband'
        option device '/sys/devices/platform/soc/60f8800.usb2/6000000.dwc3/xhci-hcd.1.auto/usb3/3-1'
        option proto 'modemmanager'
        option apn 'free'
        option iptype 'ipv4v6'
```

Then we can start the interface with:

```
ifup broadband
```

Both IPv6 and IPv4 should work:

```
ping openwrt.org
ping -6 openwrt.org
```

### Configure Zones

Add our broadband interface to the WWAN zone.

### Configure Wireguard

*Not yet written*

### Configure SQS

*Only if required, not yet written*

### Configure our DNS recursive resolver

Related with OpenWRT:
  - https://openwrt.org/docs/guide-user/services/dns/unbound  
  - https://openwrt.org/docs/guide-user/services/dns/dot\_unbound
  - https://forum.openwrt.org/t/using-unbound-alongside-dnsmasq/50537
  - https://gist.github.com/kevinoid/00656e6e4815e3ffe25dabe252e0f1e3
  - https://kevinlocke.name/bits/2017/03/09/unbound-with-dnsmasq-on-openwrt/
  - https://blog.josefsson.org/tag/openwrt/
  - http://kacangbawang.com/say-bye-to-providers-dns-servers-be-your-own-dns-resolver/
  - https://zhmail.com/2018/04/20/setting-up-a-dns-over-tls-forwarding-cache-on-openwrt-snapshot-r6693-or-later/
  - https://www.dnssec-deployment.org/2012/03/a-validating-recursive-resolver-on-a-70-home-router/
  - https://blog.grobox.de/2018/what-is-dns-privacy-and-how-to-set-it-up-for-openwrt/

Not related with OpenWRT:
  - https://calomel.org/unbound_dns.html
  - https://feeding.cloud.geek.nz/posts/setting-up-your-own-dnssec-aware/

Sites to test:
  - sci-hub.se (`ping sci-hub.se` should not return `127.0.0.1`)

### Configure our adblocker

*Not yet written*

Test with Youtube on Android.

## Logs

uboot logs:

```
Format: Log Type - Time(microsec) - Message - Optional Info
Log Type: B - Since Boot(Power On Reset),  D - Delta,  S - Statistic
S - QC_IMAGE_VERSION_STRING=BOOT.BF.3.1.1-00118
S - IMAGE_VARIANT_STRING=DAABANAZA
S - OEM_IMAGE_VERSION_STRING=CRM
S - Boot Config, 0x00000021
S - Reset status Config, 0x00000000
S - Core 0 Frequency, 0 MHz
B -       261 - PBL, Start
B -      1339 - bootable_media_detect_entry, Start
B -      1679 - bootable_media_detect_success, Start
B -      1693 - elf_loader_entry, Start
B -      5073 - auth_hash_seg_entry, Start
B -      7219 - auth_hash_seg_exit, Start
B -    577690 - elf_segs_hash_verify_entry, Start
B -    695375 - PBL, End
B -    695399 - SBL1, Start
B -    786439 - pm_device_init, Start
D -         7 - pm_device_init, Delta
B -    787885 - boot_flash_init, Start
D -     52818 - boot_flash_init, Delta
B -    844845 - boot_config_data_table_init, Start
D -      3835 - boot_config_data_table_init, Delta - (419 Bytes)
B -    852054 - clock_init, Start
D -      7575 - clock_init, Delta
B -    864102 - CDT version:2,Platform ID:8,Major ID:1,Minor ID:0,Subtype:0
B -    867516 - sbl1_ddr_set_params, Start
B -    872614 - cpr_init, Start
D -         2 - cpr_init, Delta
B -    876996 - Pre_DDR_clock_init, Start
D -         4 - Pre_DDR_clock_init, Delta
D -     13176 - sbl1_ddr_set_params, Delta
B -    890735 - pm_driver_init, Start
D -         2 - pm_driver_init, Delta
B -    960961 - sbl1_wait_for_ddr_training, Start
D -        28 - sbl1_wait_for_ddr_training, Delta
B -    976579 - Image Load, Start
D -    151978 - QSEE Image Loaded, Delta - (297240 Bytes)
B -   1128985 - Image Load, Start
D -      1447 - SEC Image Loaded, Delta - (2048 Bytes)
B -   1139420 - Image Load, Start
D -    211388 - APPSBL Image Loaded, Delta - (432219 Bytes)
B -   1351204 - QSEE Execution, Start
D -        60 - QSEE Execution, Delta
B -   1357421 - SBL1, End
D -    664130 - SBL1, Delta
S - Flash Throughput, 2007 KB/s  (731926 Bytes,  364613 us)
S - DDR Frequency, 537 MHz


U-Boot 2012.07 [Chaos Calmer 15.05.1,r35193] (Jul 25 2017 - 11:36:26)

smem ram ptable found: ver: 1 len: 3
DRAM:  256 MiB
machid : 0x8010000
NAND:  SF: Detected MX25L25635E with page size 4 KiB, total 32 MiB
ipq_spi: page_size: 0x100, sector_size: 0x1000, size: 0x2000000
32 MiB
MMC:   
*** Warning - bad CRC, using default environment

In:    serial
Out:   serial
Err:   serial
machid: 8010000
flash_type: 0
Hit any key to stop autoboot:  0 
Net:   MAC0 addr:4:f0:21:65:18:12
PHY ID1: 0x4d
PHY ID2: 0xd0b1
ipq40xx_ess_sw_init done
eth0
```

## Sources

  - [All the commits in OpenWRT about the WPJ428](https://git.openwrt.org/?p=openwrt%2Fopenwrt.git&a=search&h=HEAD&st=commit&s=WPJ428)
  - https://openwrt.org/docs/guide-developer/build-system/use-buildsystem
  - https://damow.net/5g-home-broadband/
  - https://techship.com/faq/how-to-step-by-step-set-up-a-data-connection-over-qmi-interface-using-qmicli-and-in-kernel-driver-qmi-wwan-in-linux/
  - [No 5GNR, many qmicli commands to help debug and compare!](https://forums.quectel.com/t/rm500q-gl-not-working/6594)
  - https://forum.sierrawireless.com/t/mc7354-got-qmi-error-callfailed-when-starting-network/9053
  - https://community.autopi.io/t/error-when-starting-qmi-connection/2338
  - https://lists.freedesktop.org/archives/libqmi-devel/2018-January/002707.html