garage/doc/book/src/intro.md

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<p align="center" style="text-align:center;">
<a href="https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr">
<img alt="Garage's Logo" src="img/logo.svg" height="200" />
</a>
</p>
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<p align="center" style="text-align:center;">
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[ <a href="https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/_releases.html">Download</a>
| <a href="https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage">Git repository</a>
| <a href="https://matrix.to/#/%23garage:deuxfleurs.fr">Matrix channel</a>
| <a href="https://drone.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage">Drone CI</a>
]
</p>
```
This very website is hosted using Garage. In other words: the doc is the PoC!
```
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# The Garage Geo-Distributed Data Store
Garage is a lightweight geo-distributed data store.
It comes from the observation that despite numerous object stores
many people have broken data management policies (backup/replication on a single site or none at all).
To promote better data management policies, we focused on the following **desirable properties**:
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- **Self-contained & lightweight**: works everywhere and integrates well in existing environments to target [hyperconverged infrastructures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-converged_infrastructure).
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- **Highly resilient**: highly resilient to network failures, network latency, disk failures, sysadmin failures.
- **Simple**: simple to understand, simple to operate, simple to debug.
- **Internet enabled**: made for multi-sites (eg. datacenters, offices, households, etc.) interconnected through regular Internet connections.
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We also noted that the pursuit of some other goals are detrimental to our initial goals.
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The following has been identified as **non-goals** (if these points matter to you, you should not use Garage):
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- **Extreme performances**: high performances constrain a lot the design and the infrastructure; we seek performances through minimalism only.
- **Feature extensiveness**: complete implementation of the S3 API or any other API to make garage a drop-in replacement is not targeted as it could lead to decisions impacting our desirable properties.
- **Storage optimizations**: erasure coding or any other coding technique both increase the difficulty of placing data and synchronizing; we limit ourselves to duplication.
- **POSIX/Filesystem compatibility**: we do not aim at being POSIX compatible or to emulate any kind of filesystem. Indeed, in a distributed environment, such synchronizations are translated in network messages that impose severe constraints on the deployment.
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## Supported and planned protocols
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Garage speaks (or will speak) the following protocols:
- [S3](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/Welcome.html) - *SUPPORTED* - Enable applications to store large blobs such as pictures, video, images, documents, etc. S3 is versatile enough to also be used to publish a static website.
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- [IMAP](https://github.com/go-pluto/pluto) - *PLANNED* - email storage is quite complex to get good performances.
To keep performances optimal, most IMAP servers only support on-disk storage.
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We plan to add logic to Garage to make it a viable solution for email storage.
- *More to come*
## Use Cases
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**[Deuxfleurs](https://deuxfleurs.fr):** Garage is used by Deuxfleurs which is a non-profit hosting organization.
Especially, it is used to host their main website, this documentation and some of its members' blogs.
Additionally, Garage is used as a [backend for Nextcloud](https://docs.nextcloud.com/server/20/admin_manual/configuration_files/primary_storage.html).
Deuxfleurs also plans to use Garage as their [Matrix's media backend](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse-s3-storage-provider) and as the backend of [OCIS](https://github.com/owncloud/ocis).
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*Are you using Garage? [Open a pull request](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/) to add your organization here!*
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## Comparison to existing software
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**[MinIO](https://min.io/):** MinIO shares our *Self-contained & lightweight* goal but selected two of our non-goals: *Storage optimizations* through erasure coding and *POSIX/Filesystem compatibility* through strong consistency.
However, by pursuing these two non-goals, MinIO do not reach our desirable properties.
Firstly, it fails on the *Simple* property: due to the erasure coding, MinIO has severe limitations on how drives can be added or deleted from a cluster.
Secondly, it fails on the *Internet enabled* property: due to its strong consistency, MinIO is latency sensitive.
Furthermore, MinIO has no knowledge of "sites" and thus can not distribute data to minimize the failure of a given site.
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**[Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/):**
OpenStack Swift at least fails on the *Self-contained & lightweight* goal.
Starting it requires around 8GB of RAM, which is too much especially in an hyperconverged infrastructure.
We also do not classify Swift as *Simple*.
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**[Ceph](https://ceph.io/ceph-storage/object-storage/):**
This review holds for the whole Ceph stack, including the RADOS paper, Ceph Object Storage module, the RADOS Gateway, etc.
At its core, Ceph has been designed to provide *POSIX/Filesystem compatibility* which requires strong consistency, which in turn
makes Ceph latency-sensitive and fails our *Internet enabled* goal.
Due to its industry oriented design, Ceph is also far from being *Simple* to operate and from being *Self-contained & lightweight* which makes it hard to integrate it in an hyperconverged infrastructure.
In a certain way, Ceph and MinIO are closer together than they are from Garage or OpenStack Swift.
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*More comparisons are available in our [Related Work](design/related_work.md) chapter.*
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## Other Resources
This website is not the only source of information about Garage!
We reference here other places on the Internet where you can learn more about Garage.
### Rust API (docs.rs)
If you encounter a specific bug in Garage or plan to patch it, you may jump directly to the source code's documentation!
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- [garage\_api](https://docs.rs/garage_api/latest/garage_api/) - contains the S3 standard API endpoint
- [garage\_model](https://docs.rs/garage_model/latest/garage_model/) - contains Garage's model built on the table abstraction
- [garage\_rpc](https://docs.rs/garage_rpc/latest/garage_rpc/) - contains Garage's federation protocol
- [garage\_table](https://docs.rs/garage_table/latest/garage_table/) - contains core Garage's CRDT datatypes
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- [garage\_util](https://docs.rs/garage_util/latest/garage_util/) - contains garage helpers
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- [garage\_web](https://docs.rs/garage_web/latest/garage_web/) - contains the S3 website endpoint
### Talks
We love to talk and hear about Garage, that's why we keep a log here:
- [(fr, 2021-11-13, video) Garage : Mille et une façons de stocker vos données](https://video.tedomum.net/w/moYKcv198dyMrT8hCS5jz9) and [slides (html)](https://rfid.deuxfleurs.fr/presentations/2021-11-13/garage/) - during [RFID#1](https://rfid.deuxfleurs.fr/programme/2021-11-13/) event
- [(en, 2021-04-28, pdf) Distributed object storage is centralised](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/raw/commit/b1f60579a13d3c5eba7f74b1775c84639ea9b51a/doc/talks/2021-04-28_spirals-team/talk.pdf)
- [(fr, 2020-12-02, pdf) Garage : jouer dans la cour des grands quand on est un hébergeur associatif](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/raw/commit/b1f60579a13d3c5eba7f74b1775c84639ea9b51a/doc/talks/2020-12-02_wide-team/talk.pdf)
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*Did you write or talk about Garage? [Open a pull request](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/) to add a link here!*
## Community
If you want to discuss with us, you can join our Matrix channel at [#garage:deuxfleurs.fr](https://matrix.to/#/#garage:deuxfleurs.fr).
Our code repository and issue tracker, which is the place where you should report bugs, is managed on [Deuxfleurs' Gitea](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage).
## License
Garage's source code, is released under the [AGPL v3 License](https://www.gnu.org/licenses/agpl-3.0.en.html).
Please note that if you patch Garage and then use it to provide any service over a network, you must share your code!
# Funding
The Deuxfleurs association has received a grant from [NGI POINTER](https://pointer.ngi.eu/), to fund 3 people working on Garage full-time for a year: from October 2021 to September 2022.
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<div style="display: flex; justify-content: space-around">
<a href="https://pointer.ngi.eu/">
<img style="height:100px" src="img/ngi-logo.png" alt="NGI Pointer logo">
</a>
<a href="https://ec.europa.eu/programmes/horizon2020/what-horizon-2020">
<img style="height:100px" src="img/eu-flag-logo.png" alt="EU flag logo">
</a>
</div>
_This project has received funding from the European Unions Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme within the framework of the NGI-POINTER Project funded under grant agreement N° 871528._