nearly done with Question vives!

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commit a56bbd4e04
3 changed files with 513 additions and 32 deletions

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@ -1,3 +1,203 @@
@book{derosnayMacroscopeVersVision1975,
title = {Le {{Macroscope}}. {{Vers}} Une Vision Globale},
author = {{de Rosnay}, Jo{\"e}l},
year = {1975},
month = may,
edition = {Le Seuil}
}
@book{lopezBoutFlux2022,
title = {{\`A} Bout de Flux},
author = {Lopez, Fanny},
year = {2022},
month = sep,
edition = {Divergences}
}
@article{ekchajzerDecisionmakingEnvironmentalComplexity2024,
title = {Decision-Making under Environmental Complexity: The Need for Moving from Avoided Impacts of {{ICT}} Solutions to Systems Thinking Approaches},
author = {Ekchajzer, David and Bornes, Laetitia and Combaz, Jacques and Letondal, Catherine and Vingerhoeds, Rob},
year = {2024},
journal = {ICT4S},
langid = {english}
}
@misc{laquadratureEnqueteMarseilleComme2024,
title = {{Enqu{\^e}te : {\`a} Marseille comme ailleurs, l'accaparement du territoire par les infrastructures du num{\'e}rique}},
shorttitle = {{Enqu{\^e}te}},
author = {{La Quadrature}},
year = {2024},
month = nov,
journal = {La Quadrature du Net},
url = {https://www.laquadrature.net/2024/11/20/accaparement-du-territoire-par-les-infrastructures-du-numerique/},
urldate = {2024-11-21},
chapter = {R{\'e}seaux t{\'e}l{\'e}coms},
langid = {french}
}
@techreport{systextControversesMinieresPour2024,
type = {{Rapport d'{\'e}tude}},
title = {{Controverses mini{\`e}res -- Pour en finir avec certaines contrev{\'e}rit{\'e}s sur la mine et les fili{\`e}res min{\'e}rales -- Mine secondaire et recyclage}},
shorttitle = {{Mine secondaire et recyclage}},
author = {{SystExt}},
year = {2024},
month = apr,
number = {Volet 2 -- Tome 3},
address = {Paris, France},
institution = {Association SystExt},
url = {https://www.systext.org/sites/all/documents/RP_SystExt_Controverses-Mine_VOLET-2_Tome-3_Avril2024.pdf},
urldate = {2024-06-18},
copyright = {CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0},
langid = {french}
}
@misc{zhangDataCenterWater2024,
title = {Data {{Center Water Usage}}: {{A Comprehensive Guide}}},
shorttitle = {Data {{Center Water Usage}}},
author = {Zhang, Mary},
year = {2024},
month = jan,
journal = {Dgtl Infra},
url = {https://dgtlinfra.com/data-center-water-usage/},
urldate = {2024-11-20},
langid = {american},
keywords = {datacenter,eau,ecologie,usage,water}
}
@misc{kronesWelcomeSodom2018,
type = {Documentary},
title = {Welcome to {{Sodom}}},
author = {Kr{\"o}nes, Christian and Weigensamer, Florian},
year = {2018},
month = nov,
publisher = {Blackbox Film, Greenpeace, Land Steiermark, department 9 - Culture, Europe, Ext. Relations},
collaborator = {Schrotthofer, Roland and Weigensamer, Florian and Abubakar, Mohammed and Mohammed, Awal and Yefter, Kwasi},
keywords = {agbogbloshie,documentary,e-waste,ghana,recycling,waste},
annotation = {IMDb ID: tt8116550\\
event-location: Austria}
}
@article{owenEnergyTransitionMinerals2022,
title = {Energy Transition Minerals and Their Intersection with Land-Connected Peoples},
author = {Owen, John R. and Kemp, Deanna and Lechner, Alex M. and Harris, Jill and Zhang, Ruilian and L{\`e}bre, {\'E}l{\'e}onore},
year = {2022},
month = dec,
journal = {Nature Sustainability},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {203--211},
issn = {2398-9629},
doi = {10.1038/s41893-022-00994-6},
url = {https://www.nature.com/articles/s41893-022-00994-6},
urldate = {2023-05-29},
langid = {english},
keywords = {critical minerals,energy,energy transitions,favori,social}
}
@techreport{systextControversesMinieresPour2021,
type = {{Rapport d'{\'e}tude}},
title = {{Controverses mini{\`e}res -- Pour en finir avec certaines contrev{\'e}rit{\'e}s sur la mine et les fili{\`e}res min{\'e}rales}},
author = {{SystExt}},
year = {2021},
month = nov,
number = {Volet 1},
address = {Paris, France},
institution = {Association SystExt},
url = {https://www.systext.org/sites/all/documents/RP_SystExt_Controverses-Mine_VOLET-1_Nov2021_vf.pdf},
urldate = {2024-06-18},
copyright = {CC-BY-NC-SA 4.0},
langid = {french}
}
@book{gramsciCahiersPrison1948,
title = {Cahiers de Prison},
author = {Gramsci, Antonio},
year = {1948},
address = {Turin}
}
@misc{chehadeNewHybridImmersion2022,
title = {New {{Hybrid Immersion Liquid Cooling}} Developments at {{OVHcloud}}},
author = {Chehade, Ali and Hnayno, Mohamad and Jay, Julien and Jay, Mohamad Hnayno {and} Julien, Ali Chehade},
year = {2022},
month = oct,
journal = {OVHcloud Blog},
url = {https://blog.ovhcloud.com/new-hybrid-immersion-liquid-cooling-developments-at-ovhcloud/},
urldate = {2024-09-29},
langid = {british},
keywords = {cooling,immersion cooling,ovh,refroidissement,water cooling}
}
@misc{qarnotCloudComputingHPC2024,
title = {{Cloud computing, HPC et infrastructure IT bas carbone}},
author = {{Qarnot}},
year = {2024},
url = {https://qarnot.com/fr},
urldate = {2024-11-20},
langid = {french}
}
@misc{cerfUntanglingCriticalMinerals2023,
title = {Untangling the {{Critical Minerals Knot}}: When {{ICT}} Hits the {{Energy Transitions}}},
shorttitle = {Untangling the {{Critical Minerals Knot}}},
author = {Cerf, Sophie and {Luxey-Bitri}, Adrien and Quinton, Cl{\'e}ment and Rouvoy, Romain and Simon, Thibault and Truffert, Catherine},
year = {2023},
month = dec,
url = {https://inria.hal.science/hal-04709741},
urldate = {2024-10-07},
langid = {english},
keywords = {co-product,conflict,digital,energy,ict,metals,minerals,mining,transitions}
}
@misc{systextMetauxDansMon2017,
title = {Des M{\'e}taux Dans Mon Smartphone},
author = {{SystExt}},
year = {2017},
month = apr,
url = {https://www.systext.org/sites/all/animationreveal/mtxsmp/},
urldate = {2024-10-07},
keywords = {animation,co-product,metals,minerals,mining,smartphone,systext}
}
@misc{shilovIntelSharesBiggest2024,
title = {Intel Shares Biggest Unboxing Video Ever as {{ASML}}'s \$380 Million {{High-NA}} Lithography Machine Is Installed in {{Oregon}} Fab},
author = {Shilov, Anton},
year = {2024},
month = mar,
journal = {Tom's Hardware},
url = {https://www.tomshardware.com/tech-industry/semiconductors/intel-shares-biggest-unboxing-video-ever-as-asmls-dollar380-million-high-na-lithography-machine-is-installed-in-oregon-fab},
urldate = {2024-10-07},
langid = {english},
keywords = {asml,euv,high-na,intel,lithography}
}
@misc{roussilheManufacturingElectronicComponents2023,
title = {Manufacturing Electronic Components},
author = {Roussilhe, Gauthier},
year = {2023},
month = mar,
url = {https://gauthierroussilhe.com/en/resources/la-fabrication-de-composants-electroniques},
urldate = {2024-11-15},
langid = {english},
keywords = {asml,manufacture,microcontrollers,tsmc},
annotation = {Poster}
}
@misc{opensourcemapFairphoneSupplyChain2021,
title = {Fairphone 4 {{Supply Chain}}},
author = {{Open Sourcemap}},
year = {2021},
journal = {Open Sourcemap - Development Environment},
url = {https://open.sourcemap.com/maps/61a98acef1ddeb086156a529},
urldate = {2024-10-07},
langid = {english},
keywords = {fairphone,manufacture,map,supply chain}
}
@misc{brechetAuditionSouveraineteIndependance2022,
title = {Audition "{{Souverainet{\'e}}} et Ind{\'e}pendance {\'E}nerg{\'e}tique de La {{France}}"},
author = {Br{\'e}chet, Yves},
year = {2022},
month = nov,
url = {https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L0ZX3moD_mQ},
urldate = {2024-11-20}
}
@misc{chatonsCharteCollectifCHATONS2024,
title = {Charte Du Collectif {{CHATONS}}},
author = {{CHATONS}},

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@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
\MakePerPage{footnote}
\usepackage{booktabs} % jolis tableaux
\usepackage{changepage} % For adjustwidth blocks
% \usepackage{etoc} % localtableofcontents
%% BIBLIO %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\usepackage[
@ -32,6 +33,8 @@
sorting=ynt,
% style=alphabetic,
singletitle=true,
maxcitenames = 10,
maxbibnames = 10,
backend=biber]{biblatex}
\addbibresource{bibliography.bib}
\renewcommand*{\newunitpunct}{\addcomma\space}
@ -129,13 +132,16 @@
\insertframenumber\hspace{0.5em}
\end{beamercolorbox}}}
%%% BLOCK
% Rounded boxes with no shading
\pgfdeclareverticalshading[lower.bg,upper.bg]{bmb@transition}{200cm}{%
color(0pt)=(upper.bg); color(2pt)=(upper.bg); color(4pt)=(upper.bg)}
\setbeamertemplate{blocks}[rounded][shadow=false]
%%% TABLE OF CONTENTS
% \setbeamertemplate{section in toc}[sections numbered]
% \setbeamertemplate{subsection in toc}[subsections numbered]
%%% SECTION PAGE
% Set the colors of the section bar
@ -151,7 +157,7 @@
\begin{center}
\usebeamercolor[fg]{section title}
\usebeamerfont{section title}
\insertsectionhead\par
\thesection. \insertsectionhead\par
\ifx\insertsubsectionhead\@empty\else
\usebeamercolor[fg]{subsection title}
\usebeamerfont{subsection title}

335
prez.tex
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@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
\input{header}
\title{Les grandes questions d'un hébergeur numérique communautaire et convivial}
\author{Adrien Luxey-Bitri}
\author{Adrien Luxey-Bitri\\
{\small \url{luxeylab.net}}}
\institute{Deuxfleurs -- CHATONS -- Univ Lille -- Inria -- ÉcoInfo\\[4ex]
\includegraphics[height=12ex]{figures/deuxfleurs-logo-with-url.pdf}\hspace{2em}%
\includegraphics[height=12ex]{figures/logo_chatons_800px.png}\\[3ex]%
@ -14,19 +15,27 @@
\date{21 novembre 2024\\[2ex]
\textit{\scriptsize CNRS CIS -- Politiques environnementales du numérique}}
\begin{document}
% Profondeur de la table des matières
% \setcounter{tocdepth}{1}
% Begin at section 0
\setcounter{section}{-1}
\begin{document}
%%%%%%%%% title frame %%%%%%%%%
\maketitle
\begin{frame}[plain,noframenumbering]
\titlepage
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%% TOC %%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}[plain]
\tableofcontents
\begin{frame}[plain,noframenumbering]{Au menu}
\tableofcontents[hideallsubsections]
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%% section %%%%%%%%%
\section{Qui je suis}
@ -140,14 +149,14 @@
%%%%%%%%% section %%%%%%%%%
\section{L'hébergement numérique militant}
\begin{frame}[plain]
\section{Planète militance numérique}
\begin{frame}[plain,noframenumbering]
\sectionpage
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%% frame %%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}[t]{Un brin d'actualité}
\framesubtitle{Tiré de Freedom Not Fear 2024~\cite{freedomnotfearWhatsGoingYour2024}}
\begin{frame}[t]{Les lignes de front}
\framesubtitle{Gramsci~\cite{gramsciCahiersPrison1948} \& FNF~2024~\cite{freedomnotfearWhatsGoingYour2024}}
\pause
\begin{columns}[t]
\column{0.5\columnwidth}
@ -155,7 +164,7 @@
\vspace{2ex}
\begin{itemize}
\item 8 décembre (FR)~\cite{laquadratureOutilsChiffrementLors2023}
\item 8 décembre~\cite{laquadratureOutilsChiffrementLors2023} (FR)
\item Vidéo-surv. algo.~\cite{laquadratureVSASurveillanceBatit2024} (FR)
\item Données de santé (NL)
\item Extrad. migrants (AL)
@ -182,7 +191,7 @@
\item Un Front populaire (FR)
\end{itemize}
\vfill
\pause
% \pause
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figures/yell.png}
@ -308,20 +317,20 @@
\column{0.5\columnwidth}
\textbf{La complexité est bien là}
\vspace{2ex}
\vspace{3ex}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.8\columnwidth]{figures/logos_infra.jpg}
\vspace{4ex}
\textbf{Logiciels internes faits main}
\vspace{2ex}
\vspace{3ex}
\includegraphics[width=0.6\textwidth]{figures/nos_logiciels.jpg}
\vspace{2ex}
\raggedright
\textbf{Qualité de service \textit{cloud} ?}
% \vspace{2ex}
%
% \raggedright
% \textbf{Qualité de service \textit{cloud} ?}
\end{columns}
@ -348,7 +357,7 @@
\vspace{1ex}
\raggedright
\textbf{C}ollectif des \textbf{H}ébergeurs \textbf{A}lternatifs, \textbf{T}ransparents \textbf{O}uverts, \textbf{N}eutres \& \textbf{S}olidaires
\textbf{C}ollectif des \textbf{H}ébergeurs \textbf{A}lternatifs, \textbf{T}ransparents, \textbf{O}uverts, \textbf{N}eutres \& \textbf{S}olidaires
\vspace{2ex}
\centering
@ -391,30 +400,288 @@
%%%%%%%%% section %%%%%%%%%
\section{Questions vives}
\begin{frame}[plain]
\begin{frame}[plain,noframenumbering]
\sectionpage
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%% subsection %%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Comprendre l'interaction numérique $\leftrightarrow$ environnement}
%%%%%%%%% frame %%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Comprendre l'interaction numérique $\leftrightarrow$ environnement}
\begin{frame}{\insertsubsectionhead}
{\Large\centering
Instruire scientifiquement les dossiers politiques.
\vspace{1ex}
\raggedleft
\normalsize
--- Yves Bréchet~\cite{brechetAuditionSouveraineteIndependance2022}
}
\pause
\vfill
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.6\columnwidth]{figures/lifecycle-ict.pdf}
\pause
\vfill
\begin{enumerate}
\item Décortiquer le système productif numérique
\item Quantifier ses externalités
\item Améliorer le recyclage
\item Modéliser les effets dynamiques
\end{enumerate}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%% subsubsection %%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{Décortiquer le système productif numérique}
%%%%%%%%% frame %%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}[t]{\insertsubsubsectionhead~\cite{opensourcemapFairphoneSupplyChain2021,roussilheManufacturingElectronicComponents2023,shilovIntelSharesBiggest2024}}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.9\columnwidth]{figures/fairphone.png}
\vspace{2ex}
\begin{columns}
\column{0.35\columnwidth}
\centering
% \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figures/asml-high-na-euv_lithography.png}
\includegraphics[width=1.1\columnwidth]{figures/asml-high-na-euv_machine.png}
\vspace{2ex}
\raggedright
ASML (NL) 3nm litho.
\textbf{380\,M€} la bécane !
\column{0.65\columnwidth}
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figures/roussilhe-integrated-circuits-en_axed.pdf}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%% subsubsection %%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{Quantifier ses externalités}
%%%%%%%%% frame %%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}[t]{\insertsubsubsectionhead}
\framesubtitle{Conflit d'usage électrique~\cite{lopezBoutFlux2022,laquadratureEnqueteMarseilleComme2024}}
\begin{columns}
\column{0.5\columnwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.8\columnwidth]{figures/fanny-lopez_a-bout-de-flux.jpg}
\column{0.5\columnwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figures/fibre_marseille.png}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%% frame %%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}[t]{\insertsubsubsectionhead~\cite{systextMetauxDansMon2017,cerfUntanglingCriticalMinerals2023}}
\framesubtitle{Les minéraux}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figures/systext-smartphone.png}
\end{frame}
% %%%%%%%%% frame %%%%%%%%%
% \begin{frame}[t]{\insertsubsubsectionhead~\cite{cerfUntanglingCriticalMinerals2023}}
% \framesubtitle{Les minéraux (bis)}
%
% \centering
% \includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figures/elements-criticality.pdf}
% \vfill
%
% \begin{itemize}
% \item Sur-sollicitation de la table des éléments
% \item Minéraux nécessaire à la «~transition énergétique~»
% \end{itemize}
% \end{frame}
%%%%%%%%% frame %%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}[t]{\insertsubsubsectionhead}
\framesubtitle{L'eau à l'usage}
\pause
\begin{columns}[t]
\column{0.33\textwidth}
\textbf{La clim c'est nul}
\vspace{2ex}
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figures/Google-Data-Center-in-The-Dalles-Oregon-Ejects-Plumes-of-Steam-into-the-Air_1080x457.jpg}\\
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figures/datacenter-aisles.png}
\vspace{4ex}
Majorité des acteurs
\vspace{1ex}
1 \textit{hyperscale} = 1 piscine~olympique/j.~\cite{zhangDataCenterWater2024}
\pause
\column{0.33\textwidth}
\textbf{Le \textit{liquid cooling}...}
\vspace{2ex}
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figures/datecenter-roof-heat-dissipation_cut.jpg}
\begin{columns}
\column{.4\columnwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.8\columnwidth]{figures/refroidissement-liquide-cpu-photo.jpg}\\
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figures/refroidissement-liquide-cpu-schema.png}
\column{.6\columnwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figures/refroidissement-immersion-schema.jpg}
\end{columns}
\vspace{2.0ex}
Merci OVHCloud~\cite{chehadeNewHybridImmersion2022}
\pause
\column{0.33\textwidth}
\textbf{Réseaux de chaleur !}
\vspace{2ex}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.8\columnwidth]{figures/reseau-chaleur.jpg}
\vspace{3ex}
\raggedright
La chaleur comme \textit{ressource}
\vspace{3.3ex}
Merci Qarnot~\cite{qarnotCloudComputingHPC2024}
\vspace{1ex}
\includegraphics[width=.4\columnwidth]{figures/qarnot-chaudiere.jpg}\hfill
\includegraphics[width=.57\columnwidth]{figures/qarnot-radiateur.jpg}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%% frame %%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Sobriété des usages}
\begin{frame}{\insertsubsubsectionhead}
\framesubtitle{Et le reste ?}
\begin{itemize}
\item Pollution minière $\rightarrow$ SystExt~\cite{systextControversesMinieresPour2021}
\item Impacts sociaux extraction/prod $\rightarrow$ Owen et al.~\cite{owenEnergyTransitionMinerals2022} et ... vous ?
\item Impacts sociaux usage (dépression, ségrégation...) $\rightarrow$
\end{itemize}
\vfill
\centering
\includegraphics[width=.6\columnwidth]{figures/alaide.jpg}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%% subsubsection %%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{Améliorer le recyclage}
%%%%%%%%% frame %%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{\insertsubsubsection}
\pause
\begin{columns}[t]
\column{.5\textwidth}
\textbf{Recyclage industriel~\cite{systextControversesMinieresPour2024}}
\vspace{1ex}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figures/schredded-hard-drive.png}
\normalsize\raggedright
17\;\% D3E \textbf{collectés}
\vspace{1ex}
\textbf{Pré-traitement} \\
Flux matériel en évolution permanente
\vspace{1ex}
\textbf{Traitement} \\
Faible qté, peu métaux rentables
\pause
\column{.5\textwidth}
\textbf{The artisanal way~\cite{kronesWelcomeSodom2018}}
\vspace{1ex}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figures/artisanal-ict-recycling_welcome-to-sodom.png}
\raggedright
% {\footnotesize Welcome to Sodom, Documentary, 2024}
\vspace{1ex}
\normalsize\raggedright
Agbogbloshie, Accra, Ghana (jusqu'à 2021)
\vspace{2ex}
\begin{itemize}
\item Drame humain
\item Artisanat méticuleux
\item Marché noir, pas documenté
\end{itemize}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%% subsubsection %%%%%%%%%
\subsubsection{Modéliser les effets dynamiques}
%%%%%%%%% frame %%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{\insertsubsubsection~\cite{derosnayMacroscopeVersVision1975}}
\begin{columns}
\column{0.7\columnwidth}
\includegraphics[width=.9\columnwidth]{figures/jevons.jpg}
\column{0.3\columnwidth}
\includegraphics[width=.95\columnwidth]{figures/highway-rebound-effect.jpg}
\end{columns}
\vspace{1ex}
\begin{columns}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figures/macroscope3.jpg}
\end{column}
\begin{column}{0.5\textwidth}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=0.9\columnwidth]{figures/macroscope.jpg}
\end{column}
\end{columns}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%% frame %%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Géstion collégiale \& bénévole}
\framesubtitle{d'une infrastructure complexe}
\begin{frame}{\insertsubsubsection}
\framesubtitle{Nouvelles méthodes~\cite{ekchajzerDecisionmakingEnvironmentalComplexity2024}}
\centering
\includegraphics[width=\columnwidth]{figures/vinted-retroaction.png}
\vfill
Soutenance de L. Bornes le 12 déc. à 14h !
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%% subsection %%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Sobriété des usages}
%%%%%%%%% frame %%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{\insertsubsectionhead}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%% subsection %%%%%%%%%
\subsection{Gestion collégiale de la complexité}
%%%%%%%%% frame %%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{\insertsubsectionhead}
% \framesubtitle{d'une infrastructure complexe}
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%% section %%%%%%%%%
\section{Conclusion}
\begin{frame}[plain]
\begin{frame}[plain,noframenumbering]
\sectionpage
\end{frame}
@ -435,9 +702,17 @@
\begin{frame}{C'est fini.}
\framesubtitle{Discutons, maintenant.}
\raggedleft
\includegraphics[width=.4\textwidth]{figures/subversif_vert.png}
\vspace{3ex}
\begin{columns}
\column{0.5\columnwidth}
Les slides sont sur \url{luxeylab.net} :
\vspace{1ex}
\includegraphics[width=.6\columnwidth]{figures/slides_qrcode.png}
\column{0.5\columnwidth}
\includegraphics[width=.8\textwidth]{figures/subversif_vert.png}
\end{columns}
\vspace{5ex}
\centering
\Huge Merci de votre attention !
@ -446,7 +721,7 @@
\end{frame}
%%%%%%%%% bib frame %%%%%%%%%
\begin{frame}{Références}
\begin{frame}[allowframebreaks]{Références}
\printbibliography[heading=none]
\end{frame}
\end{document}