Merge pull request 'Bump everything to v0.8.1' (#458) from up-v0.8.1 into main

Reviewed-on: Deuxfleurs/garage#458

.drone.yml

@@ -2,68 +2,28 @@
 kind: pipeline
 name: default
 
-workspace:
-  base: /drone/garage
-
-volumes:
-- name: nix_store
-  host:
-    path: /var/lib/drone/nix
-- name: nix_config
-  temp: {}
-
-environment:
-  HOME: /drone/garage
+node:
+  nix-daemon: 1
 
 steps:
-  - name: setup nix
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
+  - name: check formatting
+    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-22.05
     commands:
-      - cp nix/nix.conf /etc/nix/nix.conf
-      - nix-build --no-build-output --no-out-link shell.nix --arg release false  -A inputDerivation
-
-  - name: code quality
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
-    commands:
-      - nix-shell --arg release false --run "cargo fmt -- --check"
-      - nix-shell --arg release false --run "cargo clippy -- --deny warnings"
+      - nix-shell --attr rust --run "cargo fmt -- --check"
 
   - name: build
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
+    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-22.05
     commands:
-      - nix-build --no-build-output --option log-lines 100 --argstr target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl --arg release false --argstr git_version $DRONE_COMMIT
+      - nix-build --no-build-output --attr clippy.amd64 --argstr git_version ${DRONE_TAG:-$DRONE_COMMIT}
 
   - name: unit + func tests
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
+    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-22.05
     environment:
-      GARAGE_TEST_INTEGRATION_EXE: result/bin/garage
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
+      GARAGE_TEST_INTEGRATION_EXE: result-bin/bin/garage
     commands:
-      - |
-        nix-build \
-          --no-build-output \
-          --option log-lines 100 \
-          --argstr target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl \
-          --argstr compileMode test
+      - nix-build --no-build-output --attr clippy.amd64 --argstr git_version ${DRONE_TAG:-$DRONE_COMMIT}
+      - nix-build --no-build-output --attr test.amd64
+      - ./result/bin/garage_db-*
       - ./result/bin/garage_api-*
       - ./result/bin/garage_model-*
       - ./result/bin/garage_rpc-*
@@ -72,17 +32,13 @@ steps:
       - ./result/bin/garage_web-*
       - ./result/bin/garage-*
       - ./result/bin/integration-*
+      - rm result
 
-  - name: smoke-test
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
+  - name: integration tests
+    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-22.05
     commands:
-      - nix-build --no-build-output --argstr target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl --arg release false --argstr git_version $DRONE_COMMIT
-      - nix-shell --arg release false --run ./script/test-smoke.sh || (cat /tmp/garage.log; false)
+      - nix-build --no-build-output --attr clippy.amd64 --argstr git_version ${DRONE_TAG:-$DRONE_COMMIT}
+      - nix-shell --attr integration --run ./script/test-smoke.sh || (cat /tmp/garage.log; false)
 
 trigger:
   event:
@@ -92,78 +48,39 @@ trigger:
   - tag
   - cron
 
-node:
-  nix: 1
-
 ---
 kind: pipeline
 type: docker
-name: release-linux-x86_64
+name: release-linux-amd64
 
-volumes:
-- name: nix_store
-  host:
-    path: /var/lib/drone/nix
-- name: nix_config
-  temp: {}
-
-environment:
-  TARGET: x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
+node:
+  nix-daemon: 1
 
 steps:
-  - name: setup nix
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
-    commands:
-      - cp nix/nix.conf /etc/nix/nix.conf
-      - nix-build --no-build-output --no-out-link shell.nix -A inputDerivation
-
   - name: build
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
+    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-22.05
     commands:
-      - nix-build --no-build-output --argstr target $TARGET --arg release true --argstr git_version $DRONE_COMMIT
+      - nix-build --no-build-output --attr pkgs.amd64.release --argstr git_version ${DRONE_TAG:-$DRONE_COMMIT}
+      - nix-shell --attr rust --run "./script/not-dynamic.sh result-bin/bin/garage"
 
   - name: integration
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
+    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-22.05
     commands:
-      - nix-shell --run ./script/test-smoke.sh || (cat /tmp/garage.log; false)
+      - nix-shell --attr integration --run ./script/test-smoke.sh || (cat /tmp/garage.log; false)
 
   - name: push static binary
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
+    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-22.05
     environment:
       AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
         from_secret: garagehq_aws_access_key_id
       AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
         from_secret: garagehq_aws_secret_access_key
+      TARGET: "x86_64-unknown-linux-musl"
     commands:
-      - nix-shell --arg rust false --arg integration false --run "to_s3"
+      - nix-shell --attr release --run "to_s3"
 
   - name: docker build and publish
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
+    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-22.05
     environment:
       DOCKER_AUTH:
         from_secret: docker_auth
@@ -174,7 +91,7 @@ steps:
       - mkdir -p /kaniko/.docker
       - echo $DOCKER_AUTH > /kaniko/.docker/config.json
       - export CONTAINER_TAG=${DRONE_TAG:-$DRONE_COMMIT}
-      - nix-shell --arg rust false --arg integration false --run "to_docker"
+      - nix-shell --attr release --run "to_docker"
 
 
 trigger:
@@ -182,78 +99,39 @@ trigger:
   - promote
   - cron
 
-node:
-  nix: 1
-
 ---
 kind: pipeline
 type: docker
-name: release-linux-i686
+name: release-linux-i386
 
-volumes:
-- name: nix_store
-  host:
-    path: /var/lib/drone/nix
-- name: nix_config
-  temp: {}
-
-environment:
-  TARGET: i686-unknown-linux-musl
+node:
+  nix-daemon: 1
 
 steps:
-  - name: setup nix
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
-    commands:
-      - cp nix/nix.conf /etc/nix/nix.conf
-      - nix-build --no-build-output --no-out-link shell.nix -A inputDerivation
-
   - name: build
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
+    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-22.05
     commands:
-      - nix-build --no-build-output --argstr target $TARGET --arg release true --argstr git_version $DRONE_COMMIT
+      - nix-build --no-build-output --attr pkgs.i386.release --argstr git_version ${DRONE_TAG:-$DRONE_COMMIT}
+      - nix-shell --attr rust --run "./script/not-dynamic.sh result-bin/bin/garage"
 
   - name: integration
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
+    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-22.05
     commands:
-      - nix-shell --run ./script/test-smoke.sh || (cat /tmp/garage.log; false)
+      - nix-shell --attr integration --run ./script/test-smoke.sh || (cat /tmp/garage.log; false)
 
   - name: push static binary
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
+    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-22.05
     environment:
       AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
         from_secret: garagehq_aws_access_key_id
       AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
         from_secret: garagehq_aws_secret_access_key
+      TARGET: "i686-unknown-linux-musl"
     commands:
-      - nix-shell --arg rust false --arg integration false --run "to_s3"
+      - nix-shell --attr release --run "to_s3"
 
   - name: docker build and publish
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
+    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-22.05
     environment:
       DOCKER_AUTH:
         from_secret: docker_auth
@@ -264,75 +142,41 @@ steps:
       - mkdir -p /kaniko/.docker
       - echo $DOCKER_AUTH > /kaniko/.docker/config.json
       - export CONTAINER_TAG=${DRONE_TAG:-$DRONE_COMMIT}
-      - nix-shell --arg rust false --arg integration false --run "to_docker"
+      - nix-shell --attr release --run "to_docker"
 
 trigger:
   event:
   - promote
   - cron
 
-node:
-  nix: 1
-
 ---
 kind: pipeline
 type: docker
-name: release-linux-aarch64
+name: release-linux-arm64
 
-volumes:
-- name: nix_store
-  host:
-    path: /var/lib/drone/nix
-- name: nix_config
-  temp: {}
-
-environment:
-  TARGET: aarch64-unknown-linux-musl
+node:
+  nix-daemon: 1
 
 steps:
-  - name: setup nix
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
-    commands:
-      - cp nix/nix.conf /etc/nix/nix.conf
-      - nix-build --no-build-output --no-out-link ./shell.nix --arg rust false --arg integration false -A inputDerivation
-
   - name: build
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
+    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-22.05
     commands:
-      - nix-build --no-build-output --argstr target $TARGET --arg release true --argstr git_version $DRONE_COMMIT
+      - nix-build --no-build-output --attr pkgs.arm64.release --argstr git_version ${DRONE_TAG:-$DRONE_COMMIT}
+      - nix-shell --attr rust --run "./script/not-dynamic.sh result-bin/bin/garage"
 
   - name: push static binary
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
+    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-22.05
     environment:
       AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
         from_secret: garagehq_aws_access_key_id
       AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
         from_secret: garagehq_aws_secret_access_key
+      TARGET: "aarch64-unknown-linux-musl"
     commands:
-      - nix-shell --arg rust false --arg integration false --run "to_s3"
+      - nix-shell --attr release --run "to_s3"
 
   - name: docker build and publish
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
+    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-22.05
     environment:
       DOCKER_AUTH:
         from_secret: docker_auth
@@ -343,75 +187,41 @@ steps:
       - mkdir -p /kaniko/.docker
       - echo $DOCKER_AUTH > /kaniko/.docker/config.json
       - export CONTAINER_TAG=${DRONE_TAG:-$DRONE_COMMIT}
-      - nix-shell --arg rust false --arg integration false --run "to_docker"
+      - nix-shell --attr release --run "to_docker"
 
 trigger:
   event:
   - promote
   - cron
 
-node:
-  nix: 1
-
 ---
 kind: pipeline
 type: docker
-name: release-linux-armv6l
+name: release-linux-arm
 
-volumes:
-- name: nix_store
-  host:
-    path: /var/lib/drone/nix
-- name: nix_config
-  temp: {}
-
-environment:
-  TARGET: armv6l-unknown-linux-musleabihf
+node:
+  nix-daemon: 1
 
 steps:
-  - name: setup nix
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
-    commands:
-      - cp nix/nix.conf /etc/nix/nix.conf
-      - nix-build --no-build-output --no-out-link --arg rust false --arg integration false -A inputDerivation
-
   - name: build
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
+    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-22.05
     commands:
-      - nix-build --no-build-output --argstr target $TARGET --arg release true --argstr git_version $DRONE_COMMIT
+      - nix-build --no-build-output --attr pkgs.arm.release --argstr git_version ${DRONE_TAG:-$DRONE_COMMIT}
+      - nix-shell --attr rust --run "./script/not-dynamic.sh result-bin/bin/garage"
 
   - name: push static binary
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
+    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-22.05
     environment:
       AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
         from_secret: garagehq_aws_access_key_id
       AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
         from_secret: garagehq_aws_secret_access_key
+      TARGET: "armv6l-unknown-linux-musleabihf"
     commands:
-      - nix-shell --arg integration false --arg rust false --run "to_s3"
+      - nix-shell --attr release --run "to_s3"
 
   - name: docker build and publish
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
-    - name: nix_config
-      path: /etc/nix
+    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-22.05
     environment:
       DOCKER_AUTH:
         from_secret: docker_auth
@@ -422,32 +232,35 @@ steps:
       - mkdir -p /kaniko/.docker
       - echo $DOCKER_AUTH > /kaniko/.docker/config.json
       - export CONTAINER_TAG=${DRONE_TAG:-$DRONE_COMMIT}
-      - nix-shell --arg rust false --arg integration false --run "to_docker"
+      - nix-shell --attr release --run "to_docker"
 
 trigger:
   event:
   - promote
   - cron
 
-node:
-  nix: 1
-
 ---
 kind: pipeline
 type: docker
 name: refresh-release-page
 
-volumes:
-- name: nix_store
-  host:
-    path: /var/lib/drone/nix
+node:
+  nix-daemon: 1
 
 steps:
+  - name: multiarch-docker
+    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-22.05
+    environment:
+      DOCKER_AUTH:
+        from_secret: docker_auth
+      HOME: "/root"
+    commands:
+      - mkdir -p /root/.docker
+      - echo $DOCKER_AUTH > /root/.docker/config.json
+      - export CONTAINER_TAG=${DRONE_TAG:-$DRONE_COMMIT}
+      - nix-shell --attr release --run "multiarch_docker"
   - name: refresh-index
-    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-21.05
-    volumes:
-    - name: nix_store
-      path: /nix
+    image: nixpkgs/nix:nixos-22.05
     environment:
       AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
         from_secret: garagehq_aws_access_key_id
@@ -455,24 +268,21 @@ steps:
         from_secret: garagehq_aws_secret_access_key
     commands:
       - mkdir -p /etc/nix && cp nix/nix.conf /etc/nix/nix.conf
-      - nix-shell --arg integration false --arg rust false --run "refresh_index"
+      - nix-shell --attr release --run "refresh_index"
 
 depends_on:
-  - release-linux-x86_64
-  - release-linux-i686
-  - release-linux-aarch64
-  - release-linux-armv6l
+  - release-linux-amd64
+  - release-linux-i386
+  - release-linux-arm64
+  - release-linux-arm
 
 trigger:
   event:
   - promote
   - cron
 
-node:
-  nix: 1
-
 ---
 kind: signature
-hmac: 3fc19d6f9a3555519c8405e3281b2e74289bb802f644740d5481d53df3a01fa4
+hmac: ac09a5a8c82502f67271f93afa1e1e21ce66383b8e24a6deb26b285cc1c378ba
 
 ...

.gitattributes

@@ -1 +0,0 @@
-*.pdf filter=lfs diff=lfs merge=lfs -text

Cargo.toml

@@ -1,16 +1,20 @@
 [workspace]
+resolver = "2"
 members = [
+	"src/db",
 	"src/util",
 	"src/rpc",
 	"src/table",
 	"src/block",
 	"src/model",
-	"src/admin",
 	"src/api",
 	"src/web",
-	"src/garage"
+	"src/garage",
+	"src/k2v-client",
 ]
 
+default-members = ["src/garage"]
+
 [profile.dev]
 lto = "off"
 

Dockerfile

@@ -3,5 +3,5 @@ FROM scratch
 ENV RUST_BACKTRACE=1
 ENV RUST_LOG=garage=info
 
-COPY result/bin/garage /
+COPY result-bin/bin/garage /
 CMD [ "/garage", "server"]

Makefile

@@ -1,13 +1,27 @@
-.PHONY: doc all release shell
+.PHONY: doc all release shell run1 run2 run3
 
 all:
 	clear; cargo build
 
-doc:
-	cd doc/book; mdbook build
-
 release:
 	nix-build --arg release true
 
 shell:
 	nix-shell
+
+# ----
+
+run1:
+	RUST_LOG=garage=debug ./target/debug/garage -c tmp/config1.toml server
+run1rel:
+	RUST_LOG=garage=debug ./target/release/garage -c tmp/config1.toml server
+
+run2:
+	RUST_LOG=garage=debug ./target/debug/garage -c tmp/config2.toml server
+run2rel:
+	RUST_LOG=garage=debug ./target/release/garage -c tmp/config2.toml server
+
+run3:
+	RUST_LOG=garage=debug ./target/debug/garage -c tmp/config3.toml server
+run3rel:
+	RUST_LOG=garage=debug ./target/release/garage -c tmp/config3.toml server

README.md

@@ -15,18 +15,24 @@ Garage [![Build Status](https://drone.deuxfleurs.fr/api/badges/Deuxfleurs/garage
 	]
 </p>
 
-Garage is a lightweight S3-compatible distributed object store, with the following goals:
+Garage is an S3-compatible distributed object storage service
+designed for self-hosting at a small-to-medium scale.
 
-- As self-contained as possible
-- Easy to set up
-- Highly resilient to network failures, network latency, disk failures, sysadmin failures
-- Relatively simple
-- Made for multi-datacenter deployments
+Garage is designed for storage clusters composed of nodes running
+at different physical locations,
+in order to easily provide a storage service that replicates data at these different
+locations and stays available even when some servers are unreachable.
+Garage also focuses on being lightweight, easy to operate, and highly resilient to
+machine failures.
 
-Non-goals include:
+Garage is built by [Deuxfleurs](https://deuxfleurs.fr),
+an experimental small-scale self hosted service provider,
+which has been using it in production since its first release in 2020.
 
-- Extremely high performance
-- Complete implementation of the S3 API
-- Erasure coding (our replication model is simply to copy the data as is on several nodes, in different datacenters if possible)
+Learn more on our dedicated documentation pages:
 
-Our main use case is to provide a distributed storage layer for small-scale self hosted services such as [Deuxfleurs](https://deuxfleurs.fr).
+- [Goals and use cases](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/documentation/design/goals/)
+- [Features](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/documentation/reference-manual/features/)
+- [Quick start](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/documentation/quick-start/)
+
+Garage is entirely free software released under the terms of the AGPLv3.

default.nix

@@ -1,147 +1,62 @@
 {
   system ? builtins.currentSystem,
-  release ? false,
-  target ? "x86_64-unknown-linux-musl",
-  compileMode ? null,
   git_version ? null,
 }:
 
 with import ./nix/common.nix;
 
 let
-  crossSystem = { config = target; };
-in let
-  log = v: builtins.trace v v;
+  pkgs = import pkgsSrc { };
+  compile = import ./nix/compile.nix;
 
-  pkgs = import pkgsSrc {
-    inherit system crossSystem;
-    overlays = [ cargo2nixOverlay ];
+  build_debug_and_release = (target: {
+    debug = (compile {
+      inherit system target git_version pkgsSrc cargo2nixOverlay;
+      release = false;
+    }).workspace.garage {
+      compileMode = "build";
+    };
+
+    release = (compile {
+      inherit system target git_version pkgsSrc cargo2nixOverlay;
+      release = true;
+    }).workspace.garage {
+      compileMode = "build";
+    };
+  });
+
+  test = (rustPkgs: pkgs.symlinkJoin {
+    name ="garage-tests";
+    paths = builtins.map (key: rustPkgs.workspace.${key} { compileMode = "test"; }) (builtins.attrNames rustPkgs.workspace);
+  });
+
+in {
+  pkgs = {
+    amd64 = build_debug_and_release "x86_64-unknown-linux-musl";
+    i386 = build_debug_and_release "i686-unknown-linux-musl";
+    arm64 = build_debug_and_release "aarch64-unknown-linux-musl";
+    arm = build_debug_and_release "armv6l-unknown-linux-musleabihf";
   };
-
-
-  /*
-   Rust and Nix triples are not the same. Cargo2nix has a dedicated library
-   to convert Nix triples to Rust ones. We need this conversion as we want to
-   set later options linked to our (rust) target in a generic way. Not only
-   the triple terminology is different, but also the "roles" are named differently.
-   Nix uses a build/host/target terminology where Nix's "host" maps to Cargo's "target".
-  */
-  rustTarget = log (pkgs.rustBuilder.rustLib.rustTriple pkgs.stdenv.hostPlatform);
-
-  /*
-   Cargo2nix is built for rustOverlay which installs Rust from Mozilla releases.
-   We want our own Rust to avoid incompatibilities, like we had with musl 1.2.0.
-   rustc was built with musl < 1.2.0 and nix shipped musl >= 1.2.0 which lead to compilation breakage.
-   So we want a Rust release that is bound to our Nix repository to avoid these problems.
-   See here for more info: https://musl.libc.org/time64.html
-   Because Cargo2nix does not support the Rust environment shipped by NixOS,
-   we emulate the structure of the Rust object created by rustOverlay.
-   In practise, rustOverlay ships rustc+cargo in a single derivation while
-   NixOS ships them in separate ones. We reunite them with symlinkJoin.
-   */
-  rustChannel = pkgs.symlinkJoin {
-    name ="rust-channel";
-    paths = [ 
-      pkgs.rustPlatform.rust.rustc
-      pkgs.rustPlatform.rust.cargo
-    ];
+  test = {
+    amd64 = test (compile {
+      inherit system git_version pkgsSrc cargo2nixOverlay;
+      target = "x86_64-unknown-linux-musl";
+      features = [
+        "garage/bundled-libs"
+        "garage/k2v"
+        "garage/sled"
+        "garage/lmdb"
+        "garage/sqlite"
+      ];
+    });
   };
-
-  /*
-   Cargo2nix provides many overrides by default, you can take inspiration from them:
-   https://github.com/cargo2nix/cargo2nix/blob/master/overlay/overrides.nix
-
-   You can have a complete list of the available options by looking at the overriden object, mkcrate:
-   https://github.com/cargo2nix/cargo2nix/blob/master/overlay/mkcrate.nix
-  */
-  overrides = pkgs.rustBuilder.overrides.all ++ [
-    /*
-     [1] We need to alter Nix hardening to be able to statically compile: PIE,
-     Position Independent Executables seems to be supported only on amd64. Having
-     this flags set either make our executables crash or compile as dynamic on many platforms.
-     In the following section codegenOpts, we reactive it for the supported targets
-     (only amd64 curently) through the `-static-pie` flag. PIE is a feature used
-     by ASLR, which helps mitigate security issues.
-     Learn more about Nix Hardening: https://github.com/NixOS/nixpkgs/blob/master/pkgs/build-support/cc-wrapper/add-hardening.sh
-
-     [2] We want to inject the git version while keeping the build deterministic.
-     As we do not want to consider the .git folder as part of the input source,
-     we ask the user (the CI often) to pass the value to Nix.
-    */
-    (pkgs.rustBuilder.rustLib.makeOverride {
-      name = "garage";
-      overrideAttrs = drv:
-        /* [1] */ { hardeningDisable = [ "pie" ]; }
-        //
-        /* [2] */ (if git_version != null then {
-          preConfigure = ''
-            ${drv.preConfigure or ""}
-            export GIT_VERSION="${git_version}"
-          '';
-        } else {});
-    })
-
-    /*
-     We ship some parts of the code disabled by default by putting them behind a flag.
-     It speeds up the compilation (when the feature is not required) and released crates have less dependency by default (less attack surface, disk space, etc.).
-     But we want to ship these additional features when we release Garage.
-     In the end, we chose to exclude all features from debug builds while putting (all of) them in the release builds.
-     Currently, the only feature of Garage is kubernetes-discovery from the garage_rpc crate.
-    */
-    (pkgs.rustBuilder.rustLib.makeOverride {
-      name = "garage_rpc";
-      overrideArgs = old:
-        {
-          features = if release then [ "kubernetes-discovery" ] else [];
-        };
-    })
-  ];
-
-  packageFun = import ./Cargo.nix;
-
-  /*
-    We compile fully static binaries with musl to simplify deployment on most systems.
-    When possible, we reactivate PIE hardening (see above).
-
-    Also, if you set the RUSTFLAGS environment variable, the following parameters will
-    be ignored.
-
-    For more information on static builds, please refer to Rust's RFC 1721.
-    https://rust-lang.github.io/rfcs/1721-crt-static.html#specifying-dynamicstatic-c-runtime-linkage
-  */
-
-  codegenOpts = {
-   "armv6l-unknown-linux-musleabihf" = [ "target-feature=+crt-static" "link-arg=-static" ]; /* compile as dynamic with static-pie */
-   "aarch64-unknown-linux-musl" = [ "target-feature=+crt-static" "link-arg=-static" ]; /* segfault with static-pie */
-   "i686-unknown-linux-musl" = [ "target-feature=+crt-static" "link-arg=-static" ]; /* segfault with static-pie */
-   "x86_64-unknown-linux-musl" = [ "target-feature=+crt-static" "link-arg=-static-pie" ];
-  };
-
-  /*
-   The following definition is not elegant as we use a low level function of Cargo2nix
-   that enables us to pass our custom rustChannel object. We need this low level definition
-   to pass Nix's Rust toolchains instead of Mozilla's one.
-
-   target is mandatory but must be kept to null to allow cargo2nix to set it to the appropriate value
-   for each crate.
-  */ 
-  rustPkgs = pkgs.rustBuilder.makePackageSet {
-    inherit packageFun rustChannel release codegenOpts;
-    packageOverrides = overrides;
-    target = null;
-
-    buildRustPackages = pkgs.buildPackages.rustBuilder.makePackageSet {
-      inherit rustChannel packageFun codegenOpts;
-      packageOverrides = overrides;
-      target = null;
+  clippy = {
+    amd64 = (compile {
+      inherit system git_version pkgsSrc cargo2nixOverlay;
+      target = "x86_64-unknown-linux-musl";
+      compiler = "clippy";
+    }).workspace.garage {
+      compileMode = "build";
     };
   };
-
-
-in
-  if compileMode == "test"
-    then pkgs.symlinkJoin {
-      name ="garage-tests";
-      paths = builtins.map (key: rustPkgs.workspace.${key} { inherit compileMode; }) (builtins.attrNames rustPkgs.workspace);
-    }
-    else rustPkgs.workspace.garage { inherit compileMode; }
+}

doc/api/README.md

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Browse doc
+
+Run in this directory:
+
+```
+python3 -m http.server 
+```
+
+And open in your browser:
+  - http://localhost:8000/garage-admin-v0.html
+
+# Validate doc
+
+```
+wget https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/org/openapitools/openapi-generator-cli/6.1.0/openapi-generator-cli-6.1.0.jar -O openapi-generator-cli.jar
+java -jar openapi-generator-cli.jar validate -i garage-admin-v0.yml
+```

doc/api/css/redoc.css

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+/* montserrat-300 - latin */
+@font-face {
+  font-family: 'Montserrat';
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 300;
+  src: local(''),
+       url('../fonts/montserrat-v25-latin-300.woff2') format('woff2'), /* Chrome 26+, Opera 23+, Firefox 39+ */
+       url('../fonts/montserrat-v25-latin-300.woff') format('woff'); /* Chrome 6+, Firefox 3.6+, IE 9+, Safari 5.1+ */
+}
+
+/* montserrat-regular - latin */
+@font-face {
+  font-family: 'Montserrat';
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 400;
+  src: local(''),
+       url('../fonts/montserrat-v25-latin-regular.woff2') format('woff2'), /* Chrome 26+, Opera 23+, Firefox 39+ */
+       url('../fonts/montserrat-v25-latin-regular.woff') format('woff'); /* Chrome 6+, Firefox 3.6+, IE 9+, Safari 5.1+ */
+}
+
+/* montserrat-700 - latin */
+@font-face {
+  font-family: 'Montserrat';
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  src: local(''),
+       url('../fonts/montserrat-v25-latin-700.woff2') format('woff2'), /* Chrome 26+, Opera 23+, Firefox 39+ */
+       url('../fonts/montserrat-v25-latin-700.woff') format('woff'); /* Chrome 6+, Firefox 3.6+, IE 9+, Safari 5.1+ */
+}
+/* roboto-300 - latin */
+@font-face {
+  font-family: 'Roboto';
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 300;
+  src: local(''),
+       url('../fonts/roboto-v30-latin-300.woff2') format('woff2'), /* Chrome 26+, Opera 23+, Firefox 39+ */
+       url('../fonts/roboto-v30-latin-300.woff') format('woff'); /* Chrome 6+, Firefox 3.6+, IE 9+, Safari 5.1+ */
+}
+
+/* roboto-regular - latin */
+@font-face {
+  font-family: 'Roboto';
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 400;
+  src: local(''),
+       url('../fonts/roboto-v30-latin-regular.woff2') format('woff2'), /* Chrome 26+, Opera 23+, Firefox 39+ */
+       url('../fonts/roboto-v30-latin-regular.woff') format('woff'); /* Chrome 6+, Firefox 3.6+, IE 9+, Safari 5.1+ */
+}
+
+/* roboto-700 - latin */
+@font-face {
+  font-family: 'Roboto';
+  font-style: normal;
+  font-weight: 700;
+  src: local(''),
+       url('../fonts/roboto-v30-latin-700.woff2') format('woff2'), /* Chrome 26+, Opera 23+, Firefox 39+ */
+       url('../fonts/roboto-v30-latin-700.woff') format('woff'); /* Chrome 6+, Firefox 3.6+, IE 9+, Safari 5.1+ */
+}
+

doc/api/garage-admin-v0.html

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+  <head>
+    <title>Garage Adminstration API v0</title>
+    <!-- needed for adaptive design -->
+    <meta charset="utf-8"/>
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
+    <link href="./css/redoc.css" rel="stylesheet">
+
+    <!--
+    Redoc doesn't change outer page styles
+    -->
+    <style>
+      body {
+        margin: 0;
+        padding: 0;
+      }
+    </style>
+  </head>
+  <body>
+    <redoc spec-url='./garage-admin-v0.yml'></redoc>
+    <script src="./redoc.standalone.js"> </script>
+  </body>
+</html>

doc/book/build/_index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
++++
+title = "Build your own app"
+weight = 4
+sort_by = "weight"
+template = "documentation.html"
++++
+
+Garage has many API that you can rely on to build complex applications.
+In this section, we reference the existing SDKs and give some code examples.
+
+
+## ⚠️ DISCLAIMER
+
+**K2V AND ADMIN SDK ARE TECHNICAL PREVIEWS**. The following limitations apply:
+  - The API is not complete, some actions are possible only through the `garage` binary
+  - The underlying admin API is not yet stable nor complete, it can breaks at any time
+  - The generator configuration is currently tweaked, the library might break at any time due to a generator change
+  - Because the API and the library are not stable, none of them are published in a package manager (npm, pypi, etc.)
+  - This code has not been extensively tested, some things might not work (please report!)
+
+To have the best experience possible, please consider:
+  - Make sure that the version of the library you are using is pinned (`go.sum`, `package-lock.json`, `requirements.txt`).
+  - Before upgrading your Garage cluster, make sure that you can find a version of this SDK that works with your targeted version and that you are able to update your own code to work with this new version of the library.
+  - Join our Matrix channel at `#garage:deuxfleurs.fr`, say that you are interested by this SDK, and report any friction.
+  - If stability is critical, mirror this repository on your own infrastructure, regenerate the SDKs and upgrade them at your own pace.
+
+
+## About the APIs
+
+Code can interact with Garage through 3 different APIs: S3, K2V, and Admin.
+Each of them has a specific scope.
+
+### S3
+
+De-facto standard, introduced by Amazon, designed to store blobs of data.
+
+### K2V
+
+A simple database API similar to RiakKV or DynamoDB.
+Think a key value store with some additional operations.
+Its design is inspired by Distributed Hash Tables (DHT).
+
+More information:
+  - [In the reference manual](@/documentation/reference-manual/k2v.md)
+
+
+### Administration
+
+Garage operations can also be automated through a REST API.
+We are currently building this SDK for [Python](@/documentation/build/python.md#admin-api), [Javascript](@/documentation/build/javascript.md#administration) and [Golang](@/documentation/build/golang.md#administration).
+
+More information:
+  - [In the reference manual](@/documentation/reference-manual/admin-api.md)
+  - [Full specifiction](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/api/garage-admin-v0.html)

doc/book/build/golang.md

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
++++
+title = "Golang"
+weight = 30
++++
+
+## S3
+
+*Coming soon*
+
+Some refs:
+  - Minio minio-go-sdk
+    - [Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/golang-client-api-reference.html)
+
+  - Amazon aws-sdk-go-v2
+    - [Installation](https://aws.github.io/aws-sdk-go-v2/docs/getting-started/)
+    - [Reference](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3)
+    - [Example](https://aws.github.io/aws-sdk-go-v2/docs/code-examples/s3/putobject/)
+
+## K2V
+
+*Coming soon*
+
+## Administration
+
+Install the SDK with:
+
+```bash
+go get git.deuxfleurs.fr/garage-sdk/garage-admin-sdk-golang
+```
+
+A short example:
+
+```go
+package main
+
+import (
+    "context"
+    "fmt"
+    "os"
+    garage "git.deuxfleurs.fr/garage-sdk/garage-admin-sdk-golang"
+)
+
+func main() {
+    // Set Host and other parameters
+    configuration := garage.NewConfiguration()
+    configuration.Host = "127.0.0.1:3903"
+
+
+    // We can now generate a client
+    client := garage.NewAPIClient(configuration)
+
+    // Authentication is handled through the context pattern
+    ctx := context.WithValue(context.Background(), garage.ContextAccessToken, "s3cr3t")
+
+    // Send a request
+    resp, r, err := client.NodesApi.GetNodes(ctx).Execute()
+    if err != nil {
+        fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Error when calling `NodesApi.GetNodes``: %v\n", err)
+        fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Full HTTP response: %v\n", r)
+    }
+
+    // Process the response
+    fmt.Fprintf(os.Stdout, "Target hostname: %v\n", resp.KnownNodes[resp.Node].Hostname)
+}
+```
+
+See also:
+ - [generated doc](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/garage-sdk/garage-admin-sdk-golang)
+ - [examples](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/garage-sdk/garage-admin-sdk-generator/src/branch/main/example/golang)

doc/book/build/javascript.md

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
++++
+title = "Javascript"
+weight = 10
++++
+
+## S3
+
+*Coming soon*.
+
+Some refs:
+  - Minio SDK
+    - [Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/javascript-client-api-reference.html)
+
+  - Amazon aws-sdk-js
+    - [Installation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-javascript/v3/developer-guide/getting-started.html)
+    - [Reference](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSJavaScriptSDK/latest/AWS/S3.html)
+    - [Example](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-javascript/v3/developer-guide/s3-example-creating-buckets.html)
+
+## K2V
+
+*Coming soon*
+
+## Administration
+
+Install the SDK with:
+
+```bash
+npm install --save git+https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/garage-sdk/garage-admin-sdk-js.git
+```
+
+A short example:
+
+```javascript
+const garage = require('garage_administration_api_v0garage_v0_8_0');
+
+const api = new garage.ApiClient("http://127.0.0.1:3903/v0");
+api.authentications['bearerAuth'].accessToken = "s3cr3t";
+
+const [node, layout, key, bucket] = [
+  new garage.NodesApi(api),
+  new garage.LayoutApi(api),
+  new garage.KeyApi(api),
+  new garage.BucketApi(api),
+];
+
+node.getNodes().then((data) => {
+  console.log(`nodes: ${Object.values(data.knownNodes).map(n => n.hostname)}`)
+}, (error) => {
+  console.error(error);
+});
+```
+
+See also:
+ - [sdk repository](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/garage-sdk/garage-admin-sdk-js)
+ - [examples](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/garage-sdk/garage-admin-sdk-generator/src/branch/main/example/javascript)

doc/book/build/others.md

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 +++
-title = "Your code (PHP, JS, Go...)"
-weight = 30
+title = "Others"
+weight = 99
 +++
 
+## S3
+
 If you are developping a new application, you may want to use Garage to store your user's media.
 
 The S3 API that Garage uses is a standard REST API, so as long as you can make HTTP requests,
@@ -13,44 +15,14 @@ Instead, there are some libraries already avalaible.
 
 Some of them are maintained by Amazon, some by Minio, others by the community.
 
-## PHP
+### PHP
 
   - Amazon aws-sdk-php
     - [Installation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-php/v3/developer-guide/getting-started_installation.html)
     - [Reference](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/aws-sdk-php/v3/api/api-s3-2006-03-01.html)
     - [Example](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-php/v3/developer-guide/s3-examples-creating-buckets.html)
 
-## Javascript
-
-  - Minio SDK
-    - [Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/javascript-client-api-reference.html)
-
-  - Amazon aws-sdk-js
-    - [Installation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-javascript/v3/developer-guide/getting-started.html)
-    - [Reference](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AWSJavaScriptSDK/latest/AWS/S3.html)
-    - [Example](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-javascript/v3/developer-guide/s3-example-creating-buckets.html)
-
-## Golang
-
-  - Minio minio-go-sdk
-    - [Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/golang-client-api-reference.html)
-
-  - Amazon aws-sdk-go-v2
-    - [Installation](https://aws.github.io/aws-sdk-go-v2/docs/getting-started/)
-    - [Reference](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/aws/aws-sdk-go-v2/service/s3)
-    - [Example](https://aws.github.io/aws-sdk-go-v2/docs/code-examples/s3/putobject/)
-
-## Python
-
-  - Minio SDK
-    - [Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/python-client-api-reference.html)
-
-  - Amazon boto3
-    - [Installation](https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/guide/quickstart.html)
-    - [Reference](https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/reference/services/s3.html)
-    - [Example](https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/guide/s3-uploading-files.html)
-
-## Java
+### Java
 
   - Minio SDK
     - [Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/java-client-api-reference.html)
@@ -60,23 +32,18 @@ Some of them are maintained by Amazon, some by Minio, others by the community.
     - [Reference](https://sdk.amazonaws.com/java/api/latest/software/amazon/awssdk/services/s3/S3Client.html)
     - [Example](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/sdk-for-java/latest/developer-guide/examples-s3-objects.html)
 
-## Rust
-
-  - Amazon aws-rust-sdk
-    - [Github](https://github.com/awslabs/aws-sdk-rust)
-
-## .NET
+### .NET
 
   - Minio SDK
     - [Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/dotnet-client-api-reference.html)
 
   - Amazon aws-dotnet-sdk
 
-## C++
+### C++
 
   - Amazon aws-cpp-sdk
 
-## Haskell
+### Haskell
 
   - Minio SDK
     - [Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/haskell-client-api-reference.html)

doc/book/build/python.md

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
++++
+title = "Python"
+weight = 20
++++
+
+## S3
+
+### Using Minio SDK
+
+First install the SDK:
+
+```bash
+pip3 install minio
+```
+
+Then instantiate a client object using garage root domain, api key and secret:
+
+```python
+import minio
+
+client = minio.Minio(
+  "your.domain.tld",
+  "GKyourapikey",
+  "abcd[...]1234",
+  # Force the region, this is specific to garage
+  region="region",
+)
+```
+
+Then use all the standard S3 endpoints as implemented by the Minio SDK:
+
+```
+# List buckets
+print(client.list_buckets())
+
+# Put an object containing 'content' to /path in bucket named 'bucket':
+content = b"content"
+client.put_object(
+  "bucket",
+  "path",
+  io.BytesIO(content),
+  len(content),
+)
+
+# Read the object back and check contents
+data = client.get_object("bucket", "path").read()
+assert data == content
+```
+
+For further documentation, see the Minio SDK
+[Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/python-client-api-reference.html)
+
+### Using Amazon boto3
+
+*Coming soon*
+
+See the official documentation:
+  - [Installation](https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/guide/quickstart.html)
+  - [Reference](https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/reference/services/s3.html)
+  - [Example](https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/guide/s3-uploading-files.html)
+
+## K2V
+
+*Coming soon*
+
+## Admin API
+
+You need at least Python 3.6, pip, and setuptools.
+Because the python package is in a subfolder, the command is a bit more complicated than usual:
+
+```bash
+pip3 install --user 'git+https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/garage-sdk/garage-admin-sdk-python'
+```
+
+Now, let imagine you have a fresh Garage instance running on localhost, with the admin API configured on port 3903 with the bearer `s3cr3t`:
+
+```python
+import garage_admin_sdk
+from garage_admin_sdk.apis import *
+from garage_admin_sdk.models import *
+
+configuration = garage_admin_sdk.Configuration(
+  host = "http://localhost:3903/v0",
+  access_token = "s3cr3t"
+)
+
+# Init APIs
+api = garage_admin_sdk.ApiClient(configuration)
+nodes, layout, keys, buckets = NodesApi(api), LayoutApi(api), KeyApi(api), BucketApi(api)
+
+# Display some info on the node
+status = nodes.get_nodes()
+print(f"running garage {status.garage_version}, node_id {status.node}")
+
+# Change layout of this node
+current = layout.get_layout()
+layout.add_layout({
+  status.node: NodeClusterInfo(
+    zone = "dc1",
+    capacity = 1,
+    tags = [ "dev" ],
+  )
+})
+layout.apply_layout(LayoutVersion(
+  version = current.version + 1
+))
+
+# Create key, allow it to create buckets
+kinfo = keys.add_key(AddKeyRequest(name="openapi"))
+
+allow_create = UpdateKeyRequestAllow(create_bucket=True)
+keys.update_key(kinfo.access_key_id, UpdateKeyRequest(allow=allow_create))
+
+# Create a bucket, allow key, set quotas
+binfo = buckets.create_bucket(CreateBucketRequest(global_alias="documentation"))
+binfo = buckets.allow_bucket_key(AllowBucketKeyRequest(
+  bucket_id=binfo.id,
+  access_key_id=kinfo.access_key_id,
+  permissions=AllowBucketKeyRequestPermissions(read=True, write=True, owner=True),
+))
+binfo = buckets.update_bucket(binfo.id, UpdateBucketRequest(
+  quotas=UpdateBucketRequestQuotas(max_size=19029801,max_objects=1500)))
+
+# Display key
+print(f"""
+cluster ready
+key id is {kinfo.access_key_id}
+secret key is {kinfo.secret_access_key}
+bucket {binfo.global_aliases[0]} contains {binfo.objects}/{binfo.quotas.max_objects} objects
+""")
+```
+
+*This example is named `short.py` in the example folder. Other python examples are also available.*
+
+See also:
+ - [sdk repo](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/garage-sdk/garage-admin-sdk-python)
+ - [examples](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/garage-sdk/garage-admin-sdk-generator/src/branch/main/example/python)
+

doc/book/build/rust.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
++++
+title = "Rust"
+weight = 40
++++
+
+## S3
+
+*Coming soon*
+
+Some refs:
+  - Amazon aws-rust-sdk
+    - [Github](https://github.com/awslabs/aws-sdk-rust)
+
+## K2V
+
+*Coming soon*
+
+Some refs: https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/src/branch/main/src/k2v-client
+
+```bash
+# all these values can be provided on the cli instead
+export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=GK123456
+export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=0123..789
+export AWS_REGION=garage
+export K2V_ENDPOINT=http://172.30.2.1:3903
+export K2V_BUCKET=my-bucket
+
+cargo run --features=cli -- read-range my-partition-key --all
+
+cargo run --features=cli -- insert my-partition-key my-sort-key --text "my string1"
+cargo run --features=cli -- insert my-partition-key my-sort-key --text "my string2"
+cargo run --features=cli -- insert my-partition-key my-sort-key2 --text "my string"
+
+cargo run --features=cli -- read-range my-partition-key --all
+
+causality=$(cargo run --features=cli -- read my-partition-key my-sort-key2 -b | head -n1)
+cargo run --features=cli -- delete my-partition-key my-sort-key2 -c $causality
+
+causality=$(cargo run --features=cli -- read my-partition-key my-sort-key -b | head -n1)
+cargo run --features=cli -- insert my-partition-key my-sort-key --text "my string3" -c $causality
+
+cargo run --features=cli -- read-range my-partition-key --all
+```
+
+## Admin API
+
+*Coming soon*

doc/book/connect/_index.md

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 +++
-title = "Integrations"
+title = "Existing integrations"
 weight = 3
 sort_by = "weight"
 template = "documentation.html"
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ In particular, you will find here instructions to connect it with:
   - [Applications](@/documentation/connect/apps/index.md)
   - [Website hosting](@/documentation/connect/websites.md)
   - [Software repositories](@/documentation/connect/repositories.md)
-  - [Your own code](@/documentation/connect/code.md)
   - [FUSE](@/documentation/connect/fs.md)
 
 ### Generic instructions

doc/book/connect/apps/index.md

@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ In this section, we cover the following web applications:
 | Name | Status | Note |
 |------|--------|------|
 | [Nextcloud](#nextcloud)     | ✅       |  Both Primary Storage and External Storage are supported    |
-| [Peertube](#peertube)     | ✅       | Must be configured with the website endpoint     |
-| [Mastodon](#mastodon)     | ❓       | Not yet tested     |
+| [Peertube](#peertube)     | ✅       | Supported with the website endpoint, proxifying private videos unsupported     |
+| [Mastodon](#mastodon)     | ✅       | Natively supported    |
 | [Matrix](#matrix)     | ✅       |  Tested with `synapse-s3-storage-provider`    |
 | [Pixelfed](#pixelfed)     | ❓       |  Not yet tested    |
 | [Pleroma](#pleroma)     | ❓       |  Not yet tested    |
@@ -128,6 +128,10 @@ In other words, Peertube is only responsible of the "control plane" and offload
 In return, this system is a bit harder to configure.
 We show how it is still possible to configure Garage with Peertube, allowing you to spread the load and the bandwidth usage on the Garage cluster.
 
+Starting from version 5.0, Peertube also supports improving the security for private videos by not exposing them directly
+but relying on a single control point in the Peertube instance. This is based on S3 per-object and prefix ACL, which are not currently supported
+in Garage, so this feature is unsupported. While this technically impedes security for private videos, it is not a blocking issue and could be
+a reasonable trade-off for some instances.
 
 ### Create resources in Garage
 
@@ -195,6 +199,11 @@ object_storage:
 
   max_upload_part: 2GB
 
+  proxy:
+    # You may enable this feature, yet it will not provide any security benefit, so
+    # you should rather benefit from Garage public endpoint for all videos
+    proxify_private_files: false
+
   streaming_playlists:
     bucket_name: 'peertube-playlist'
 
@@ -224,7 +233,135 @@ You can now reload the page and see in your browser console that data are fetche
 
 ## Mastodon
 
-https://docs.joinmastodon.org/admin/config/#cdn
+Mastodon natively supports the S3 protocol to store media files, and it works out-of-the-box with Garage.
+You will need to expose your Garage bucket as a website: that way, media files will be served directly from Garage.
+
+### Performance considerations
+
+Mastodon tends to store many small objects over time: expect hundreds of thousands of objects,
+with average object size ranging from 50 KB to 150 KB.
+
+As such, your Garage cluster should be configured appropriately for good performance:
+
+- use Garage v0.8.0 or higher with the [LMDB database engine](@documentation/reference-manual/configuration.md#db-engine-since-v0-8-0).
+  With the default Sled database engine, your database could quickly end up taking tens of GB of disk space.
+- the Garage database should be stored on a SSD
+
+### Creating your bucket
+
+This is the usual Garage setup:
+
+```bash
+garage key new --name mastodon-key
+garage bucket create mastodon-data
+garage bucket allow mastodon-data --read --write --key mastodon-key
+```
+
+Note the Key ID and Secret Key.
+
+### Exposing your bucket as a website
+
+Create a DNS name to serve your media files, such as `my-social-media.mydomain.tld`.
+This name will be publicly exposed to the users of your Mastodon instance: they
+will load images directly from this DNS name.
+
+As [documented here](@/documentation/cookbook/exposing-websites.md),
+add this DNS name as alias to your bucket, and expose it as a website:
+
+```bash
+garage bucket alias mastodon-data my-social-media.mydomain.tld
+garage bucket website --allow mastodon-data
+```
+
+Then you will likely need to [setup a reverse proxy](@/documentation/cookbook/reverse-proxy.md)
+in front of it to serve your media files over HTTPS.
+
+### Cleaning up old media files before migration
+
+Mastodon instance quickly accumulate a lot of media files from the federation.
+Most of them are not strictly necessary because they can be fetched again from
+other servers.  As such, it is highly recommended to clean them up before
+migration, this will greatly reduce the migration time.
+
+From the [official Mastodon documentation](https://docs.joinmastodon.org/admin/tootctl/#media):
+
+```bash
+$ RAILS_ENV=production bin/tootctl media remove --days 3
+$ RAILS_ENV=production bin/tootctl media remove-orphans
+$ RAILS_ENV=production bin/tootctl preview_cards remove --days 15
+```
+
+Here is a typical disk usage for a small but multi-year instance after cleanup:
+
+```bash
+$ RAILS_ENV=production bin/tootctl media usage
+Attachments:	5.67 GB (1.14 GB local)
+Custom emoji:	295 MB (0 Bytes local)
+Preview cards:	154 MB
+Avatars:	3.77 GB (127 KB local)
+Headers:	8.72 GB (242 KB local)
+Backups:	0 Bytes
+Imports:	1.7 KB
+Settings:	0 Bytes
+```
+
+Unfortunately, [old avatars and headers cannot currently be cleaned up](https://github.com/mastodon/mastodon/issues/9567).
+
+### Migrating your data
+
+Data migration should be done with an efficient S3 client.
+The [minio client](@documentation/connect/cli.md#minio-client) is a good choice
+thanks to its mirror mode:
+
+```bash
+mc mirror ./public/system/ garage/mastodon-data
+```
+
+Here is a typical bucket usage after all data has been migrated:
+
+```bash
+$ garage bucket info mastodon-data
+
+Size: 20.3 GiB (21.8 GB)
+Objects: 175968
+```
+
+### Configuring Mastodon
+
+In your `.env.production` configuration file:
+
+```bash
+S3_ENABLED=true
+# Internal access to Garage
+S3_ENDPOINT=http://my-garage-instance.mydomain.tld:3900
+S3_REGION=garage
+S3_BUCKET=mastodon-data
+# Change this (Key ID and Secret Key of your Garage key)
+AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=GKe88df__CHANGETHIS__c5145
+AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=a2f7__CHANGETHIS__77fcfcf7a58f47a4aa4431f2e675c56da37821a1070000
+# What name gets exposed to users (HTTPS is implicit)
+S3_ALIAS_HOST=my-social-media.mydomain.tld
+```
+
+For more details, see the [reference Mastodon documentation](https://docs.joinmastodon.org/admin/config/#cdn).
+
+Restart all Mastodon services and everything should now be using Garage!
+You can check the URLs of images in the Mastodon web client, they should start
+with `https://my-social-media.mydomain.tld`.
+
+### Last migration sync
+
+After Mastodon is successfully using Garage, you can run a last sync from the local filesystem to Garage:
+
+```bash
+mc mirror --newer-than "3h" ./public/system/ garage/mastodon-data
+```
+
+### References
+
+[cybrespace's guide to migrate to S3](https://github.com/cybrespace/cybrespace-meta/blob/master/s3.md)
+(the guide is for Amazon S3, so the configuration is a bit different, but the rest is similar)
+
 
 ## Matrix
 

doc/book/connect/backup.md

@@ -17,6 +17,61 @@ If you still want to use Borg, you can use it with `rclone mount`.
 
 ## Restic
 
+Create your key and bucket:
+
+```bash
+garage key new my-key
+garage bucket create backup
+garage bucket allow backup --read --write --key my-key
+```
+
+Then register your Key ID and Secret key in your environment:
+
+```bash
+export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=GKxxx
+export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=xxxx
+```
+
+Configure restic from environment too:
+
+```bash
+export RESTIC_REPOSITORY="s3:http://localhost:3900/backups"
+
+echo "Generated password (save it safely): $(openssl rand -base64 32)"
+export RESTIC_PASSWORD=xxx # copy paste your generated password here
+```
+
+Do not forget to save your password safely (in your password manager or print it). It will be needed to decrypt your backups.
+
+Now you can use restic:
+
+```bash
+# Initialize the bucket, must be run once
+restic init
+
+# Backup your PostgreSQL database
+# (We suppose your PostgreSQL daemon is stopped for all commands)
+restic backup /var/lib/postgresql
+
+# Show backup history
+restic snapshots
+
+# Backup again your PostgreSQL database, it will be faster as only changes will be uploaded
+restic backup /var/lib/postgresql
+
+# Show backup history (again)
+restic snapshots
+
+# Restore a backup
+# (79766175 is the ID of the snapshot you want to restore)
+mv /var/lib/postgresql /var/lib/postgresql.broken
+restic restore 79766175 --target /var/lib/postgresql
+```
+
+Restic has way more features than the ones presented here.
+You can discover all of them by accessing its documentation from the link below.
+
+
 *External links:* [Restic Documentation > Amazon S3](https://restic.readthedocs.io/en/stable/030_preparing_a_new_repo.html#amazon-s3)
 
 ## Duplicity
@@ -50,3 +105,24 @@ Click `Test connection` and then no when asked `The bucket name should start wit
 
 *External links:* [Kopia Documentation > Repositories](https://kopia.io/docs/repositories/#amazon-s3)
 
+To create the Kopia repository, you need to specify the region, the HTTP(S) endpoint, the bucket name and the access keys.
+For instance, if you have an instance of garage running on `https://garage.example.com`:
+
+```
+kopia repository create s3 --region=garage --bucket=mybackups --access-key=KEY_ID --secret-access-key=SECRET_KEY --endpoint=garage.example.com
+```
+
+Or if you have an instance running on localhost, without TLS:
+
+```
+kopia repository create s3 --region=garage --bucket=mybackups --access-key=KEY_ID --secret-access-key=SECRET_KEY --endpoint=localhost:3900 --disable-tls
+```
+
+After the repository has been created, check that everything works as expected:
+
+```
+kopia repository validate-provider
+```
+
+You can then run all the standard kopia commands: `kopia snapshot create`, `kopia mount`...
+Everything should work out-of-the-box.

doc/book/connect/cli.md

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ These tools are particularly suitable for debug, backups, website deployments or
 | [rclone](#rclone)     | ✅       |    |
 | [s3cmd](#s3cmd)     | ✅       |    |
 | [(Cyber)duck](#cyberduck)     | ✅       |    |
-| [WinSCP (libs3)](#winscp)     | ✅       | No instructions yet   |
+| [WinSCP (libs3)](#winscp)     | ✅       | CLI instructions only   |
+| [sftpgo](#sftpgo)     | ✅       |    |
 
 
 ## Minio client
@@ -281,5 +282,59 @@ duck --delete garage:/my-files/an-object.txt
 
 ## WinSCP (libs3) {#winscp}
 
-*No instruction yet. You can find ones in french [in our wiki](https://wiki.deuxfleurs.fr/fr/Guide/Garage/WinSCP).*
+*You can find instructions on how to use the GUI in french [in our wiki](https://wiki.deuxfleurs.fr/fr/Guide/Garage/WinSCP).*
+
+How to use `winscp.com`, the CLI interface of WinSCP:
+
+```
+open s3://GKxxxxx:yyyyyyy@127.0.0.1:4443 -certificate=* -rawsettings S3DefaultRegion=garage S3UrlStyle=1
+ls
+ls my-files/
+get my-files/an-object.txt Z:\tmp\object.txt
+put Z:\tmp\object.txt my-files/another-object.txt
+rm my-files/an-object
+exit
+```
+
+Notes:
+  - It seems WinSCP supports only TLS connections for S3
+  - `-certificate=*` allows self-signed certificates, remove it if you have valid certificates
+
+
+## sftpgo {#sftpgo}
+
+sftpgo needs a database to work, by default it uses sqlite and does not require additional configuration.
+You can then directly init it:
+
+```
+sftpgo initprovider
+```
+
+Then you can directly launch the daemon that will listen by default on `:8080 (http)` and `:2022 (ssh)`:
+
+```
+sftpgo serve
+```
+
+Go to the admin web interface (http://[::1]:8080/web/admin/), create the required admin account, then create a user account.
+Choose a username (eg: `ada`) and a password.
+
+In the filesystem section, choose:
+  - Storage: AWS S3 (Compatible)
+  - Bucket: *your bucket name*
+  - Region: `garage` (or the one you defined in `config.toml`)
+  - Access key: *your access key*
+  - Access secret: *your secret key*
+  - Endpoint: *your endpoint*, eg. `https://garage.example.tld`, note that the protocol (`https` here) must be specified. Non standard ports and `http` have not been tested yet.
+  - Keep the default values for other fields
+  - Tick "Use path-style addressing". It should work without ticking it if you have correctly configured your instance to use URL vhost-style.
+
+Now you can access your bucket through SFTP:
+
+```
+sftp -P2022 ada@[::1]
+ls
+```
+
+And through the web interface at http://[::1]:8080/web/client
 

doc/book/connect/websites.md

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ title = "Websites (Hugo, Jekyll, Publii...)"
 weight = 10
 +++
 
-Garage is also suitable to host static websites.
+Garage is also suitable [to host static websites](@/documentation/cookbook/exposing-websites.md).
 While they can be deployed with traditional CLI tools, some static website generators have integrated options to ease your workflow.
 
 | Name | Status | Note |

doc/book/cookbook/exposing-websites.md

@@ -5,12 +5,14 @@ weight = 25
 
 ## Configuring a bucket for website access
 
-There are two methods to expose buckets as website:
+There are three methods to expose buckets as website:
 
 1. using the PutBucketWebsite S3 API call, which is allowed for access keys that have the owner permission bit set
 
 2. from the Garage CLI, by an adminstrator of the cluster
 
+3. using the Garage administration API
+
 The `PutBucketWebsite` API endpoint [is documented](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketWebsite.html) in the official AWS docs.
 This endpoint can also be called [using `aws s3api`](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/reference/s3api/put-bucket-website.html) on the command line.
 The website configuration supported by Garage is only a subset of the possibilities on Amazon S3: redirections are not supported, only the index document and error document can be specified.

doc/book/cookbook/from-source.md

@@ -20,40 +20,76 @@ sudo apt-get update
 sudo apt-get install build-essential
 ```
 
-## Using source from `crates.io`
-
-Garage's source code is published on `crates.io`, Rust's official package repository.
-This means you can simply ask `cargo` to download and build this source code for you:
-
-```bash
-cargo install garage
-```
-
-That's all, `garage` should be in `$HOME/.cargo/bin`.
-
-You can add this folder to your `$PATH` or copy the binary somewhere else on your system.
-For instance:
-
-```bash
-sudo cp $HOME/.cargo/bin/garage /usr/local/bin/garage
-```
-
-
-## Using source from the Gitea repository
+## Building from source from the Gitea repository
 
 The primary location for Garage's source code is the
-[Gitea repository](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage).
+[Gitea repository](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage),
+which contains all of the released versions as well as the code
+for the developpement of the next version.
 
-Clone the repository and build Garage with the following commands:
+Clone the repository and enter it as follows:
 
 ```bash
 git clone https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage.git
 cd garage
-cargo build
 ```
 
-Be careful, as this will make a debug build of Garage, which will be extremely slow!
-To make a release build, invoke `cargo build --release` (this takes much longer).
+If you wish to build a specific version of Garage, check out the corresponding tag. For instance:
 
-The binaries built this way are found in `target/{debug,release}/garage`.
+```bash
+git tag  				# List available tags
+git checkout v0.8.0		# Change v0.8.0 with the version you wish to build
+```
 
+Otherwise you will be building a developpement build from the `main` branch
+that includes all of the changes to be released in the next version.
+Be careful that such a build might be unstable or contain bugs,
+and could be incompatible with nodes that run stable versions of Garage.
+
+Finally, build Garage with the following command:
+
+```bash
+cargo build --release
+```
+
+The binary built this way can now be found in `target/release/garage`.
+You may simply copy this binary to somewhere in your `$PATH` in order to
+have the `garage` command available in your shell, for instance:
+
+```bash
+sudo cp target/release/garage /usr/local/bin/garage
+```
+
+If you are planning to develop Garage,
+you might be interested in producing debug builds, which compile faster but run slower:
+this can be done by removing the `--release` flag, and the resulting build can then
+be found in `target/debug/garage`.
+
+## List of available Cargo feature flags
+
+Garage supports a number of compilation options in the form of Cargo feature flags,
+which can be used to provide builds adapted to your system and your use case.
+To produce a build with a given set of features, invoke the `cargo build` command
+as follows:
+
+```bash
+# This will build the default feature set plus feature1, feature2 and feature3
+cargo build --release --features feature1,feature2,feature3
+# This will build ONLY feature1, feature2 and feature3
+cargo build --release --no-default-features \
+            --features feature1,feature2,feature3
+```
+
+The following feature flags are available in v0.8.0:
+
+| Feature flag | Enabled | Description |
+| ------------ | ------- | ----------- |
+| `bundled-libs` | *by default* | Use bundled version of sqlite3, zstd, lmdb and libsodium |
+| `system-libs` | optional | Use system version of sqlite3, zstd, lmdb and libsodium<br>if available (exclusive with `bundled-libs`, build using<br>`cargo build --no-default-features --features system-libs`) |
+| `k2v` | optional | Enable the experimental K2V API (if used, all nodes on your<br>Garage cluster must have it enabled as well) |
+| `kubernetes-discovery` | optional | Enable automatic registration and discovery<br>of cluster nodes through the Kubernetes API |
+| `metrics` | *by default* | Enable collection of metrics in Prometheus format on the admin API |
+| `telemetry-otlp` | optional | Enable collection of execution traces using OpenTelemetry |
+| `sled` | *by default* | Enable using Sled to store Garage's metadata |
+| `lmdb` | optional | Enable using LMDB to store Garage's metadata |
+| `sqlite` | optional | Enable using Sqlite3 to store Garage's metadata |

doc/book/cookbook/kubernetes.md

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
++++
+title = "Deploying on Kubernetes"
+weight = 32
++++
+
+Garage can also be deployed on a kubernetes cluster via helm chart.
+
+## Deploying
+
+Firstly clone the repository:
+
+```bash
+git clone https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage
+cd garage/scripts/helm
+```
+
+Deploy with default options:
+
+```bash
+helm install --create-namespace --namespace garage garage ./garage
+```
+
+Or deploy with custom values:
+
+```bash
+helm install --create-namespace --namespace garage garage ./garage -f values.override.yaml
+```
+
+After deploying, cluster layout must be configured manually as described in [Creating a cluster layout](@/documentation/quick-start/_index.md#creating-a-cluster-layout). Use the following command to access garage CLI:
+
+```bash
+kubectl exec --stdin --tty -n garage garage-0 -- ./garage status
+```
+
+## Overriding default values
+
+All possible configuration values can be found with:
+
+```bash
+helm show values ./garage
+```
+
+This is an example `values.overrride.yaml` for deploying in a microk8s cluster with a https s3 api ingress route:
+
+```yaml
+garage:
+  # Use only 2 replicas per object
+  replicationMode: "2"
+
+# Start 4 instances (StatefulSets) of garage
+replicaCount: 4
+
+# Override default storage class and size
+persistence:
+  meta:
+    storageClass: "openebs-hostpath"
+    size: 100Mi
+  data:
+    storageClass: "openebs-hostpath"
+    size: 1Gi
+
+ingress:
+  s3:
+    api:
+      enabled: true
+      className: "public"
+      annotations:
+        cert-manager.io/cluster-issuer: "letsencrypt-prod"
+        nginx.ingress.kubernetes.io/proxy-body-size: 500m
+      hosts:
+        - host: s3-api.my-domain.com
+          paths:
+            - path: /
+              pathType: Prefix
+      tls:
+        - secretName: garage-ingress-cert
+          hosts:
+            - s3-api.my-domain.com
+```
+
+## Removing
+
+```bash
+helm delete --namespace garage garage
+```
+
+Note that this will leave behind custom CRD `garagenodes.deuxfleurs.fr`, which must be removed manually if desired.

doc/book/cookbook/monitoring.md

@@ -0,0 +1,306 @@
++++
+title = "Monitoring Garage"
+weight = 40
++++
+
+Garage exposes some internal metrics in the Prometheus data format.
+This page explains how to exploit these metrics.
+
+## Setting up monitoring
+
+### Enabling the Admin API endpoint
+
+If you have not already enabled the [administration API endpoint](@/documentation/reference-manual/admin-api.md), do so by adding the following lines to your configuration file:
+
+```toml
+[admin]
+api_bind_addr = "0.0.0.0:3903"
+```
+
+This will allow anyone to scrape Prometheus metrics by fetching
+`http://localhost:3093/metrics`. If you want to restrict access
+to the exported metrics, set the `metrics_token` configuration value
+to a bearer token to be used when fetching the metrics endpoint.
+
+### Setting up Prometheus and Grafana
+
+Add a scrape config to your Prometheus daemon to scrape metrics from
+all of your nodes:
+
+```yaml
+scrape_configs:
+  - job_name: 'garage'
+    static_configs:
+      - targets:
+        - 'node1.mycluster:3903'
+        - 'node2.mycluster:3903'
+        - 'node3.mycluster:3903'
+```
+
+If you have set a metrics token in your Garage configuration file,
+add the following lines in your Prometheus scrape config:
+
+```yaml
+    authorization:
+      type: Bearer
+      credentials: 'your metrics token'
+```
+
+To visualize the scraped data in Grafana,
+you can either import our [Grafana dashboard for Garage](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/raw/branch/main/script/telemetry/grafana-garage-dashboard-prometheus.json)
+or make your own.
+We detail below the list of exposed metrics and their meaning.
+
+
+
+## List of exported metrics
+
+
+### Metrics of the API endpoints
+
+#### `api_admin_request_counter` (counter)
+
+Counts the number of requests to a given endpoint of the administration API. Example:
+
+```
+api_admin_request_counter{api_endpoint="Metrics"} 127041
+```
+
+#### `api_admin_request_duration` (histogram)
+
+Evaluates the duration of API calls to the various administration API endpoint. Example:
+
+```
+api_admin_request_duration_bucket{api_endpoint="Metrics",le="0.5"} 127041
+api_admin_request_duration_sum{api_endpoint="Metrics"} 605.250344830999
+api_admin_request_duration_count{api_endpoint="Metrics"} 127041
+```
+
+#### `api_s3_request_counter` (counter)
+
+Counts the number of requests to a given endpoint of the S3 API. Example:
+
+```
+api_s3_request_counter{api_endpoint="CreateMultipartUpload"} 1
+```
+
+#### `api_s3_error_counter` (counter)
+
+Counts the number of requests to a given endpoint of the S3 API that returned an error. Example:
+
+```
+api_s3_error_counter{api_endpoint="GetObject",status_code="404"} 39
+```
+
+#### `api_s3_request_duration` (histogram)
+
+Evaluates the duration of API calls to the various S3 API endpoints. Example:
+
+```
+api_s3_request_duration_bucket{api_endpoint="CreateMultipartUpload",le="0.5"} 1
+api_s3_request_duration_sum{api_endpoint="CreateMultipartUpload"} 0.046340762
+api_s3_request_duration_count{api_endpoint="CreateMultipartUpload"} 1
+```
+
+#### `api_k2v_request_counter` (counter), `api_k2v_error_counter` (counter), `api_k2v_error_duration` (histogram)
+
+Same as for S3, for the K2V API.
+
+
+### Metrics of the Web endpoint
+
+
+#### `web_request_counter` (counter)
+
+Number of requests to the web endpoint
+
+```
+web_request_counter{method="GET"} 80
+```
+
+#### `web_request_duration` (histogram)
+
+Duration of requests to the web endpoint
+
+```
+web_request_duration_bucket{method="GET",le="0.5"} 80
+web_request_duration_sum{method="GET"} 1.0528433229999998
+web_request_duration_count{method="GET"} 80
+```
+
+#### `web_error_counter` (counter)
+
+Number of requests to the web endpoint resulting in errors
+
+```
+web_error_counter{method="GET",status_code="404 Not Found"} 64
+```
+
+
+### Metrics of the data block manager
+
+#### `block_bytes_read`, `block_bytes_written` (counter)
+
+Number of bytes read/written to/from disk in the data storage directory.
+
+```
+block_bytes_read 120586322022
+block_bytes_written 3386618077
+```
+
+#### `block_read_duration`, `block_write_duration` (histograms)
+
+Evaluates the duration of the reading/writing of individual data blocks in the data storage directory.
+
+```
+block_read_duration_bucket{le="0.5"} 169229
+block_read_duration_sum 2761.6902550310056
+block_read_duration_count 169240
+block_write_duration_bucket{le="0.5"} 3559
+block_write_duration_sum 195.59170078500006
+block_write_duration_count 3571
+```
+
+#### `block_delete_counter` (counter)
+
+Counts the number of data blocks that have been deleted from storage.
+
+```
+block_delete_counter 122
+```
+
+#### `block_resync_counter` (counter), `block_resync_duration` (histogram)
+
+Counts the number of resync operations the node has executed, and evaluates their duration.
+
+```
+block_resync_counter 308897
+block_resync_duration_bucket{le="0.5"} 308892
+block_resync_duration_sum 139.64204196100016
+block_resync_duration_count 308897
+```
+
+#### `block_resync_queue_length` (gauge)
+
+The number of block hashes currently queued for a resync.
+This is normal to be nonzero for long periods of time.
+
+```
+block_resync_queue_length 0
+```
+
+#### `block_resync_errored_blocks` (gauge)
+
+The number of block hashes that we were unable to resync last time we tried.
+**THIS SHOULD BE ZERO, OR FALL BACK TO ZERO RAPIDLY, IN A HEALTHY CLUSTER.**
+Persistent nonzero values indicate that some data is likely to be lost.
+
+```
+block_resync_errored_blocks 0
+```
+
+
+### Metrics related to RPCs (remote procedure calls) between nodes
+
+#### `rpc_netapp_request_counter` (counter)
+
+Number of RPC requests emitted
+
+```
+rpc_request_counter{from="<this node>",rpc_endpoint="garage_block/manager.rs/Rpc",to="<remote node>"} 176
+```
+
+#### `rpc_netapp_error_counter` (counter)
+
+Number of communication errors (errors in the Netapp library, generally due to disconnected nodes)
+
+```
+rpc_netapp_error_counter{from="<this node>",rpc_endpoint="garage_block/manager.rs/Rpc",to="<remote node>"} 354
+```
+
+#### `rpc_timeout_counter` (counter)
+
+Number of RPC timeouts, should be close to zero in a healthy cluster.
+
+```
+rpc_timeout_counter{from="<this node>",rpc_endpoint="garage_rpc/membership.rs/SystemRpc",to="<remote node>"} 1
+```
+
+#### `rpc_duration` (histogram)
+
+The duration of internal RPC calls between Garage nodes.
+
+```
+rpc_duration_bucket{from="<this node>",rpc_endpoint="garage_block/manager.rs/Rpc",to="<remote node>",le="0.5"} 166
+rpc_duration_sum{from="<this node>",rpc_endpoint="garage_block/manager.rs/Rpc",to="<remote node>"} 35.172253716
+rpc_duration_count{from="<this node>",rpc_endpoint="garage_block/manager.rs/Rpc",to="<remote node>"} 174
+```
+
+
+### Metrics of the metadata table manager
+
+#### `table_gc_todo_queue_length` (gauge)
+
+Table garbage collector TODO queue length
+
+```
+table_gc_todo_queue_length{table_name="block_ref"} 0
+```
+
+#### `table_get_request_counter` (counter), `table_get_request_duration` (histogram)
+
+Number of get/get_range requests internally made on each table, and their duration.
+
+```
+table_get_request_counter{table_name="bucket_alias"} 315
+table_get_request_duration_bucket{table_name="bucket_alias",le="0.5"} 315
+table_get_request_duration_sum{table_name="bucket_alias"} 0.048509778000000024
+table_get_request_duration_count{table_name="bucket_alias"} 315
+```
+
+
+#### `table_put_request_counter` (counter), `table_put_request_duration` (histogram)
+
+Number of insert/insert_many requests internally made on this table, and their duration
+
+```
+table_put_request_counter{table_name="block_ref"} 677
+table_put_request_duration_bucket{table_name="block_ref",le="0.5"} 677
+table_put_request_duration_sum{table_name="block_ref"} 61.617528636
+table_put_request_duration_count{table_name="block_ref"} 677
+```
+
+#### `table_internal_delete_counter` (counter)
+
+Number of value deletions in the tree (due to GC or repartitioning)
+
+```
+table_internal_delete_counter{table_name="block_ref"} 2296
+```
+
+#### `table_internal_update_counter` (counter)
+
+Number of value updates where the value actually changes (includes creation of new key and update of existing key)
+
+```
+table_internal_update_counter{table_name="block_ref"} 5996
+```
+
+#### `table_merkle_updater_todo_queue_length` (gauge)
+
+Merkle tree updater TODO queue length (should fall to zero rapidly)
+
+```
+table_merkle_updater_todo_queue_length{table_name="block_ref"} 0
+```
+
+#### `table_sync_items_received`, `table_sync_items_sent` (counters)
+
+Number of data items sent to/recieved from other nodes during resync procedures
+
+```
+table_sync_items_received{from="<remote node>",table_name="bucket_v2"} 3
+table_sync_items_sent{table_name="block_ref",to="<remote node>"} 2
+```
+
+

doc/book/cookbook/real-world.md

@@ -11,8 +11,9 @@ We recommend first following the [quick start guide](@/documentation/quick-start
 to get familiar with Garage's command line and usage patterns.
 
 
+## Preparing your environment
 
-## Prerequisites
+### Prerequisites
 
 To run a real-world deployment, make sure the following conditions are met:
 
@@ -21,10 +22,6 @@ To run a real-world deployment, make sure the following conditions are met:
 - Each machine has a public IP address which is reachable by other machines.
   Running behind a NAT is likely to be possible but hasn't been tested for the latest version (TODO).
 
-- Ideally, each machine should have a SSD available in addition to the HDD you are dedicating
-  to Garage. This will allow for faster access to metadata and has the potential
-  to significantly reduce Garage's response times.
-
 - This guide will assume you are using Docker containers to deploy Garage on each node. 
   Garage can also be run independently, for instance as a [Systemd service](@/documentation/cookbook/systemd.md).
   You can also use an orchestrator such as Nomad or Kubernetes to automatically manage
@@ -49,17 +46,53 @@ available in the different locations of your cluster is roughly the same.
 For instance, here, the Mercury node could be moved to Brussels; this would allow the cluster
 to store 2 TB of data in total.
 
+### Best practices
+
+- If you have fast dedicated networking between all your nodes, and are planing to store
+  very large files, bump the `block_size` configuration parameter to 10 MB
+  (`block_size = 10485760`).
+
+- Garage stores its files in two locations: it uses a metadata directory to store frequently-accessed
+  small metadata items, and a data directory to store data blocks of uploaded objects.
+  Ideally, the metadata directory would be stored on an SSD (smaller but faster),
+  and the data directory would be stored on an HDD (larger but slower).
+
+- For the data directory, Garage already does checksumming and integrity verification,
+  so there is no need to use a filesystem such as BTRFS or ZFS that does it.
+  We recommend using XFS for the data partition, as it has the best performance.
+  EXT4 is not recommended as it has more strict limitations on the number of inodes,
+  which might cause issues with Garage when large numbers of objects are stored.
+
+- If you only have an HDD and no SSD, it's fine to put your metadata alongside the data
+  on the same drive. Having lots of RAM for your kernel to cache the metadata will
+  help a lot with performance.  Make sure to use the LMDB database engine,
+  instead of Sled, which suffers from quite bad performance degradation on HDDs.
+  Sled is still the default for legacy reasons, but is not recommended anymore.
+
+- For the metadata storage, Garage does not do checksumming and integrity
+  verification on its own. If you are afraid of bitrot/data corruption,
+  put your metadata directory on a BTRFS partition. Otherwise, just use regular
+  EXT4 or XFS.
+
+- Having a single server with several storage drives is currently not very well
+  supported in Garage ([#218](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/issues/218)).
+  For an easy setup, just put all your drives in a RAID0 or a ZFS RAIDZ array.
+  If you're adventurous, you can try to format each of your disk as
+  a separate XFS partition, and then run one `garage` daemon per disk drive,
+  or use something like [`mergerfs`](https://github.com/trapexit/mergerfs) to merge
+  all your disks in a single union filesystem that spreads load over them.
+
 ## Get a Docker image
 
-Our docker image is currently named `dxflrs/amd64_garage` and is stored on the [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/dxflrs/amd64_garage/tags?page=1&ordering=last_updated).
-We encourage you to use a fixed tag (eg. `v0.4.0`) and not the `latest` tag.
-For this example, we will use the latest published version at the time of the writing which is `v0.4.0` but it's up to you
-to check [the most recent versions on the Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/dxflrs/amd64_garage/tags?page=1&ordering=last_updated).
+Our docker image is currently named `dxflrs/garage` and is stored on the [Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/dxflrs/garage/tags?page=1&ordering=last_updated).
+We encourage you to use a fixed tag (eg. `v0.8.0`) and not the `latest` tag.
+For this example, we will use the latest published version at the time of the writing which is `v0.8.0` but it's up to you
+to check [the most recent versions on the Docker Hub](https://hub.docker.com/r/dxflrs/garage/tags?page=1&ordering=last_updated).
 
 For example:
 
 ```
-sudo docker pull dxflrs/amd64_garage:v0.4.0
+sudo docker pull dxflrs/garage:v0.8.0
 ```
 
 ## Deploying and configuring Garage
@@ -76,11 +109,12 @@ especially you must consider the following folders/files:
   this folder will be your main data storage and must be on a large storage (e.g. large HDD)
 
 
-A valid `/etc/garage/garage.toml` for our cluster would look as follows:
+A valid `/etc/garage.toml` for our cluster would look as follows:
 
 ```toml
 metadata_dir = "/var/lib/garage/meta"
 data_dir = "/var/lib/garage/data"
+db_engine = "lmdb"
 
 replication_mode = "3"
 
@@ -90,8 +124,6 @@ rpc_bind_addr = "[::]:3901"
 rpc_public_addr = "<this node's public IP>:3901"
 rpc_secret = "<RPC secret>"
 
-bootstrap_peers = []
-
 [s3_api]
 s3_region = "garage"
 api_bind_addr = "[::]:3900"
@@ -125,13 +157,28 @@ docker run \
   -v /etc/garage.toml:/etc/garage.toml \
   -v /var/lib/garage/meta:/var/lib/garage/meta \
   -v /var/lib/garage/data:/var/lib/garage/data \
-  lxpz/garage_amd64:v0.4.0
+  dxflrs/garage:v0.8.0
 ```
 
 It should be restarted automatically at each reboot.
 Please note that we use host networking as otherwise Docker containers
 can not communicate with IPv6.
 
+If you want to use `docker-compose`, you may use the following `docker-compose.yml` file as a reference:
+
+```yaml
+version: "3"
+services:
+  garage:
+    image: dxflrs/garage:v0.8.0
+    network_mode: "host"
+    restart: unless-stopped
+    volumes:
+      - /etc/garage.toml:/etc/garage.toml
+      - /var/lib/garage/meta:/var/lib/garage/meta
+      - /var/lib/garage/data:/var/lib/garage/data
+```
+
 Upgrading between Garage versions should be supported transparently,
 but please check the relase notes before doing so!
 To upgrade, simply stop and remove this container and

doc/book/cookbook/recovering.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
 title = "Recovering from failures"
-weight = 35
+weight = 50
 +++
 
 Garage is meant to work on old, second-hand hardware.

doc/book/cookbook/reverse-proxy.md

@@ -70,14 +70,16 @@ A possible configuration:
 
 ```nginx
 upstream s3_backend {
-  # if you have a garage instance locally
+  # If you have a garage instance locally.
   server 127.0.0.1:3900;
-  # you can also put your other instances
+  # You can also put your other instances.
   server 192.168.1.3:3900;
-  # domain names also work
+  # Domain names also work.
   server garage1.example.com:3900;
-  # you can assign weights if you have some servers 
-  # that are more powerful than others
+  # A "backup" server is only used if all others have failed.
+  server garage-remote.example.com:3900 backup;
+  # You can assign weights if you have some servers
+  # that can serve more requests than others.
   server garage2.example.com:3900 weight=2;
 }
 
@@ -96,11 +98,13 @@ server {
     proxy_pass http://s3_backend;
     proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
     proxy_set_header Host $host;
+    # Disable buffering to a temporary file.
+    proxy_max_temp_file_size 0;
   }
 }
 ```
 
-## Exposing the web endpoint
+### Exposing the web endpoint
 
 To better understand the logic involved, you can refer to the [Exposing buckets as websites](/cookbook/exposing_websites.html) section.
 Otherwise, the configuration is very similar to the S3 endpoint.
@@ -140,6 +144,165 @@ server {
 
 @TODO
 
-## Traefik
+## Traefik v2
+
+We will see in this part how to set up a reverse proxy with [Traefik](https://docs.traefik.io/).
+
+Here is [a basic configuration file](https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/https/acme/#configuration-examples):
+
+```toml
+[entryPoints]
+  [entryPoints.web]
+    address = ":80"
+
+  [entryPoints.websecure]
+    address = ":443"
+
+[certificatesResolvers.myresolver.acme]
+  email = "your-email@example.com"
+  storage = "acme.json"
+  [certificatesResolvers.myresolver.acme.httpChallenge]
+    # used during the challenge
+    entryPoint = "web"
+```
+
+### Add Garage service
+
+To add Garage on Traefik you should declare a new service using its IP address (or hostname) and port:
+
+```toml
+[http.services]
+  [http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer]
+    [[http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer.servers]]
+      url = "http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"
+      port = 3900
+```
+
+It's possible to declare multiple Garage servers as back-ends:
+
+```toml
+[http.services]
+    [[http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer.servers]]
+      url = "http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"
+      port = 3900
+    [[http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer.servers]]
+      url = "http://yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy"
+      port = 3900
+    [[http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer.servers]]
+      url = "http://zzz.zzz.zzz.zzz"
+      port = 3900
+```
+
+Traefik can remove unhealthy servers automatically with [a health check configuration](https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/routing/services/#health-check):
+
+```
+[http.services]
+  [http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer]
+    [http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer.healthCheck]
+      path = "/"
+      interval = "60s"
+      timeout = "5s"
+```
+
+### Adding a website
+
+To add a new website, add the following declaration to your Traefik configuration file:
+
+```toml
+[http.routers]
+  [http.routers.my_website]
+    rule = "Host(`yoururl.example.org`)"
+    service = "my_garage_service"
+    entryPoints = ["web"]
+```
+
+Enable HTTPS access to your website with the following configuration section ([documentation](https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/https/overview/)):
+
+```toml
+...
+    entryPoints = ["websecure"]
+    [http.routers.my_website.tls]
+      certResolver = "myresolver"
+...
+```
+
+### Adding gzip compression
+
+Add the following configuration section [to compress response](https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/middlewares/http/compress/) using [gzip](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/GZip_compression) before sending them to the client:
+
+```toml
+[http.routers]
+  [http.routers.my_website]
+    ...
+    middlewares = ["gzip_compress"]
+    ...
+[http.middlewares]
+  [http.middlewares.gzip_compress.compress]
+```
+
+### Add caching response
+
+Traefik's caching middleware is only available on [entreprise version](https://doc.traefik.io/traefik-enterprise/middlewares/http-cache/), however the freely-available [Souin plugin](https://github.com/darkweak/souin#tr%C3%A6fik-container) can also do the job. (section to be completed)
+
+### Complete example
+
+```toml
+[entryPoints]
+  [entryPoints.web]
+    address = ":80"
+
+  [entryPoints.websecure]
+    address = ":443"
+
+[certificatesResolvers.myresolver.acme]
+  email = "your-email@example.com"
+  storage = "acme.json"
+  [certificatesResolvers.myresolver.acme.httpChallenge]
+    # used during the challenge
+    entryPoint = "web"
+
+[http.routers]
+  [http.routers.my_website]
+    rule = "Host(`yoururl.example.org`)"
+    service = "my_garage_service"
+    middlewares = ["gzip_compress"]
+    entryPoints = ["websecure"]
+
+[http.services]
+  [http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer]
+    [http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer.healthCheck]
+      path = "/"
+      interval = "60s"
+      timeout = "5s"
+    [[http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer.servers]]
+      url = "http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"
+    [[http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer.servers]]
+      url = "http://yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy"
+    [[http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer.servers]]
+      url = "http://zzz.zzz.zzz.zzz"
+
+[http.middlewares]
+  [http.middlewares.gzip_compress.compress]
+```
+
+## Caddy
+
+Your Caddy configuration can be as simple as:
+
+```caddy
+s3.garage.tld, *.s3.garage.tld {
+	reverse_proxy localhost:3900 192.168.1.2:3900 example.tld:3900
+}
+
+*.web.garage.tld {
+	reverse_proxy localhost:3902 192.168.1.2:3900 example.tld:3900
+}
+
+admin.garage.tld {
+	reverse_proxy localhost:3903
+}
+```
+
+But at the same time, the `reverse_proxy` is very flexible.
+For a production deployment, you should [read its documentation](https://caddyserver.com/docs/caddyfile/directives/reverse_proxy) as it supports features like DNS discovery of upstreams, load balancing with checks, streaming parameters, etc.
 
-@TODO

doc/book/cookbook/upgrading.md

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
++++
+title = "Upgrading Garage"
+weight = 60
++++
+
+Garage is a stateful clustered application, where all nodes are communicating together and share data structures.
+It makes upgrade more difficult than stateless applications so you must be more careful when upgrading.
+On a new version release, there is 2 possibilities:
+  - protocols and data structures remained the same ➡️ this is a **straightforward upgrade**
+  - protocols or data structures changed  ➡️  this is an **advanced upgrade**
+
+You can quickly now what type of update you will have to operate by looking at the version identifier.
+Following the [SemVer ](https://semver.org/) terminology, if only the *patch* number changed, it will only need a straightforward upgrade.
+Example: an upgrade from v0.6.0 from v0.6.1 is a straightforward upgrade.
+If the *minor* or *major* number changed however, you will have to do an advanced upgrade. Example: from v0.6.1 to v0.7.0.
+
+Migrations are designed to be run only between contiguous versions (from a *major*.*minor* perspective, *patches* can be skipped).
+Example: migrations from v0.6.1 to v0.7.0 and from v0.6.0 to v0.7.0 are supported but migrations from v0.5.0 to v0.7.0 are not supported.
+
+## Straightforward upgrades
+
+Straightforward upgrades do not imply cluster downtime.
+Before upgrading, you should still read [the changelog](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/releases) and ideally test your deployment on a staging cluster before.
+
+When you are ready, start by checking the health of your cluster.
+You can force some checks with `garage repair`, we recommend at least running `garage repair --all-nodes --yes` that is very quick to run (less than a minute).
+You will see that the command correctly terminated in the logs of your daemon.
+
+Finally, you can simply upgrades nodes one by one. 
+For each node: stop it, install the new binary, edit the configuration if needed, restart it. 
+
+## Advanced upgrades
+
+Advanced upgrades will imply cluster downtime.
+Before upgrading, you must read [the changelog](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/releases) and you must test your deployment on a staging cluster before.
+
+From a high level perspective, an advanced upgrade looks like this:
+  1. Make sure the health of your cluster is good (see `garage repair`)
+  2. Disable API access (comment the configuration in your reverse proxy)
+  3. Check that your cluster is idle
+  4. Stop the whole cluster
+  5. Backup the metadata folder of all your nodes, so that you will be able to restore it quickly if the upgrade fails (blocks being immutable, they should not be impacted)
+  6. Install the new binary, update the configuration
+  7. Start the whole cluster
+  8. If needed, run the corresponding migration from `garage migrate`
+  9. Make sure the health of your cluster is good
+  10. Enable API access (uncomment the configuration in your reverse proxy)
+  11. Monitor your cluster while load comes back, check that all your applications are happy with this new version
+
+We write guides for each advanced upgrade, they are stored under the "Working Documents" section of this documentation.

doc/book/design/_index.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
 title = "Design"
-weight = 5
+weight = 6
 sort_by = "weight"
 template = "documentation.html"
 +++

doc/book/design/benchmarks/index.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
 title = "Benchmarks"
-weight = 10
+weight = 40
 +++
 
 With Garage, we wanted to build a software defined storage service that follow the [KISS principle](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KISS_principle),

doc/book/design/goals.md

@@ -1,23 +1,23 @@
 +++
 title = "Goals and use cases"
-weight = 5
+weight = 10
 +++
 
 ## Goals and non-goals
 
 Garage is a lightweight geo-distributed data store that implements the
 [Amazon S3](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/Welcome.html)
-object storage protocole. It enables applications to store large blobs such
+object storage protocol. It enables applications to store large blobs such
 as pictures, video, images, documents, etc., in a redundant multi-node
 setting. S3 is versatile enough to also be used to publish a static
 website.
 
-Garage is an opinionated object storage solutoin, we focus on the following **desirable properties**:
+Garage is an opinionated object storage solution, we focus on the following **desirable properties**:
 
+  - **Internet enabled**: made for multi-sites (eg. datacenters, offices, households, etc.) interconnected through regular Internet connections.
   - **Self-contained & lightweight**: works everywhere and integrates well in existing environments to target [hyperconverged infrastructures](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper-converged_infrastructure).
   - **Highly resilient**: highly resilient to network failures, network latency, disk failures, sysadmin failures.
   - **Simple**: simple to understand, simple to operate, simple to debug.
-  - **Internet enabled**: made for multi-sites (eg. datacenters, offices, households, etc.) interconnected through regular Internet connections.
 
 We also noted that the pursuit of some other goals are detrimental to our initial goals.
 The following has been identified as **non-goals** (if these points matter to you, you should not use Garage):

doc/book/design/internals.md

@@ -20,6 +20,49 @@ In the meantime, you can find some information at the following links:
 - [an old design draft](@/documentation/working-documents/design-draft.md)
 
 
+## Request routing logic
+
+Data retrieval requests to Garage endpoints (S3 API and websites) are resolved 
+to an individual object in a bucket. Since objects are replicated to multiple nodes 
+Garage must ensure consistency before answering the request.
+
+### Using quorum to ensure consistency
+
+Garage ensures consistency by attempting to establish a quorum with the
+data nodes responsible for the object. When a majority of the data nodes
+have provided metadata on a object Garage can then answer the request.
+
+When a request arrives Garage will, assuming the recommended 3 replicas, perform the following actions:
+
+- Make a request to the two preferred nodes for object metadata
+- Try the third node if one of the two initial requests fail
+- Check that the metadata from at least 2 nodes match
+- Check that the object hasn't been marked deleted
+- Answer the request with inline data from metadata if object is small enough
+- Or get data blocks from the preferred nodes and answer using the assembled object
+
+Garage dynamically determines which nodes to query based on health, preference, and 
+which nodes actually host a given data. Garage has no concept of "primary" so any 
+healthy node with the data can be used as long as a quorum is reached for the metadata.
+
+### Node health
+
+Garage keeps a TCP session open to each node in the cluster and periodically pings them. If a connection
+cannot be established, or a node fails to answer a number of pings, the target node is marked as failed.
+Failed nodes are not used for quorum or other internal requests.
+
+### Node preference
+
+Garage prioritizes which nodes to query according to a few criteria:
+
+- A node always prefers itself if it can answer the request
+- Then the node prioritizes nodes in the same zone
+- Finally the nodes with the lowest latency are prioritized 
+
+
+For further reading on the cluster structure look at the [gateway](@/documentation/cookbook/gateways.md) 
+and [cluster layout management](@/documentation/reference-manual/layout.md) pages.
+
 ## Garbage collection
 
 A faulty garbage collection procedure has been the cause of

doc/book/design/related-work.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
 title = "Related work"
-weight = 15
+weight = 50
 +++
 
 ## Context

doc/book/development/_index.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
 title = "Development"
-weight = 6
+weight = 7
 sort_by = "weight"
 template = "documentation.html"
 +++

doc/book/quick-start/_index.md

@@ -9,6 +9,15 @@ Let's start your Garage journey!
 In this chapter, we explain how to deploy Garage as a single-node server
 and how to interact with it.
 
+## What is Garage?
+
+Before jumping in, you might be interested in reading the following pages:
+
+- [Goals and use cases](@/documentation/design/goals.md)
+- [List of features](@/documentation/reference-manual/features.md)
+
+## Scope of this tutorial
+
 Our goal is to introduce you to Garage's workflows.
 Following this guide is recommended before moving on to
 [configuring a multi-node cluster](@/documentation/cookbook/real-world.md).
@@ -33,25 +42,25 @@ you can [build Garage from source](@/documentation/cookbook/from-source.md).
 
 ## Configuring and starting Garage
 
-### Writing a first configuration file
+### Generating a first configuration file
 
 This first configuration file should allow you to get started easily with the simplest
 possible Garage deployment.
-**Save it as `/etc/garage.toml`.**
-You can also store it somewhere else, but you will have to specify `-c path/to/garage.toml`
-at each invocation of the `garage` binary (for example: `garage -c ./garage.toml server`, `garage -c ./garage.toml status`).
 
-```toml
+We will create it with the following command line
+to generate unique and private secrets for security reasons:
+
+```bash
+cat > garage.toml <<EOF
 metadata_dir = "/tmp/meta"
 data_dir = "/tmp/data"
+db_engine = "lmdb"
 
 replication_mode = "none"
 
 rpc_bind_addr = "[::]:3901"
 rpc_public_addr = "127.0.0.1:3901"
-rpc_secret = "1799bccfd7411eddcf9ebd316bc1f5287ad12a68094e1c6ac6abde7e6feae1ec"
-
-bootstrap_peers = []
+rpc_secret = "$(openssl rand -hex 32)"
 
 [s3_api]
 s3_region = "garage"
@@ -62,12 +71,26 @@ root_domain = ".s3.garage.localhost"
 bind_addr = "[::]:3902"
 root_domain = ".web.garage.localhost"
 index = "index.html"
+
+[k2v_api]
+api_bind_addr = "[::]:3904"
+
+[admin]
+api_bind_addr = "0.0.0.0:3903"
+admin_token = "$(openssl rand -base64 32)"
+EOF
 ```
 
-The `rpc_secret` value provided above is just an example. It will work, but in
-order to secure your cluster you will need to use another one. You can generate
-such a value with `openssl rand -hex 32`.
+Now that your configuration file has been created, you can put
+it in the right place. By default, garage looks at **`/etc/garage.toml`.**
 
+You can also store it somewhere else, but you will have to specify `-c path/to/garage.toml`
+at each invocation of the `garage` binary (for example: `garage -c ./garage.toml server`, `garage -c ./garage.toml status`).
+
+As you can see, the `rpc_secret` is a 32 bytes hexadecimal string.
+You can regenerate it with `openssl rand -hex 32`.
+If you target a cluster deployment with multiple nodes, make sure that
+you use the same value for all nodes.
 
 As you can see in the `metadata_dir` and `data_dir` parameters, we are saving Garage's data
 in `/tmp` which gets erased when your system reboots. This means that data stored on this
@@ -210,6 +233,7 @@ Now that we have a bucket and a key, we need to give permissions to the key on t
 garage bucket allow \
   --read \
   --write \
+  --owner \
   nextcloud-bucket \
   --key nextcloud-app-key
 ```
@@ -223,64 +247,73 @@ garage bucket info nextcloud-bucket
 
 ## Uploading and downlading from Garage
 
-We recommend the use of MinIO Client to interact with Garage files (`mc`).
-Instructions to install it and use it are provided on the
-[MinIO website](https://docs.min.io/docs/minio-client-quickstart-guide.html).
-Before reading the following, you need a working `mc` command on your path.
+To download and upload files on garage, we can use a third-party tool named `awscli`.
 
-Note that on certain Linux distributions such as Arch Linux, the Minio client binary
-is called `mcli` instead of `mc` (to avoid name clashes with the Midnight Commander).
 
-### Configure `mc`
+### Install and configure `awscli`
 
-You need your access key and secret key created above.
-We will assume you are invoking `mc` on the same machine as the Garage server,
-your S3 API endpoint is therefore `http://127.0.0.1:3900`.
-For this whole configuration, you must set an alias name: we chose `my-garage`, that you will used for all commands.
-
-Adapt the following command accordingly and run it:
+If you have python on your system, you can install it with:
 
 ```bash
-mc alias set \
-  my-garage \
-  http://127.0.0.1:3900 \
-  <access key> \
-  <secret key> \
-  --api S3v4
+python -m pip install --user awscli
 ```
 
-You must also add an environment variable to your configuration to
-inform MinIO of our region (`garage` by default, corresponding to the `s3_region` parameter
-in the configuration file).
-The best way is to add the following snippet to your `$HOME/.bash_profile`
-or `$HOME/.bashrc` file:
+Now that `awscli` is installed, you must configure it to talk to your Garage instance,
+with your key. There are multiple ways to do that, the simplest one is to create a file
+named `~/.awsrc` with this content:
 
 ```bash
-export MC_REGION=garage
+export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=xxxx      # put your Key ID here
+export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=xxxx  # put your Secret key here
+export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION='garage'
+export AWS_ENDPOINT='http://localhost:3900'
+
+function aws { command aws --endpoint-url $AWS_ENDPOINT $@ ; }
+aws --version
 ```
 
-### Use `mc`
-
-You can not list buckets from `mc` currently.
-
-But the following commands and many more should work:
+Now, each time you want to use `awscli` on this target, run:
 
 ```bash
-mc cp image.png my-garage/nextcloud-bucket
-mc cp my-garage/nextcloud-bucket/image.png .
-mc ls my-garage/nextcloud-bucket
-mc mirror localdir/ my-garage/another-bucket
+source ~/.awsrc
 ```
 
+*You can create multiple files with different names if you 
+have multiple Garage clusters or different keys.
+Switching from one cluster to another is as simple as
+sourcing the right file.*
+
+### Example usage of `awscli`
+
+```bash
+# list buckets
+aws s3 ls
+
+# list objects of a bucket
+aws s3 ls s3://my_files
+
+# copy from your filesystem to garage
+aws s3 cp /proc/cpuinfo s3://my_files/cpuinfo.txt
+
+# copy from garage to your filesystem
+aws s3 cp s3/my_files/cpuinfo.txt /tmp/cpuinfo.txt
+```
+
+Note that you can use `awscli` for more advanced operations like
+creating a bucket, pre-signing a request or managing your website.
+[Read the full documentation to know more](https://awscli.amazonaws.com/v2/documentation/api/latest/reference/s3/index.html).
+
+Some features are however not implemented like ACL or policy.
+Check [our s3 compatibility list](@/documentation/reference-manual/s3-compatibility.md).
 
 ### Other tools for interacting with Garage
 
 The following tools can also be used to send and recieve files from/to Garage:
 
-- the [AWS CLI](https://aws.amazon.com/cli/)
-- [`rclone`](https://rclone.org/)
-- [Cyberduck](https://cyberduck.io/)
-- [`s3cmd`](https://s3tools.org/s3cmd)
+- [minio-client](@/documentation/connect/cli.md#minio-client) 
+- [s3cmd](@/documentation/connect/cli.md#s3cmd) 
+- [rclone](@/documentation/connect/cli.md#rclone)
+- [Cyberduck](@/documentation/connect/cli.md#cyberduck)
+- [WinSCP](@/documentation/connect/cli.md#winscp) 
 
-Refer to the ["Integrations" section](@/documentation/connect/_index.md) to learn how to
-configure application and command line utilities to integrate with Garage.
+An exhaustive list is maintained in the ["Integrations" > "Browsing tools" section](@/documentation/connect/_index.md).

doc/book/reference-manual/_index.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
 title = "Reference Manual"
-weight = 4
+weight = 5
 sort_by = "weight"
 template = "documentation.html"
 +++

doc/book/reference-manual/admin-api.md

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
++++
+title = "Administration API"
+weight = 60
++++
+
+The Garage administration API is accessible through a dedicated server whose
+listen address is specified in the `[admin]` section of the configuration
+file (see [configuration file
+reference](@/documentation/reference-manual/configuration.md))
+
+**WARNING.** At this point, there is no comittement to stability of the APIs described in this document.
+We will bump the version numbers prefixed to each API endpoint at each time the syntax
+or semantics change, meaning that code that relies on these endpoint will break
+when changes are introduced.
+
+The Garage administration API was introduced in version 0.7.2, this document
+does not apply to older versions of Garage.
+
+
+## Access control
+
+The admin API uses two different tokens for acces control, that are specified in the config file's `[admin]` section:
+
+- `metrics_token`: the token for accessing the Metrics endpoint (if this token
+  is not set in the config file, the Metrics endpoint can be accessed without
+  access control);
+
+- `admin_token`: the token for accessing all of the other administration
+  endpoints (if this token is not set in the config file, access to these
+  endpoints is disabled entirely).
+
+These tokens are used as simple HTTP bearer tokens. In other words, to
+authenticate access to an admin API endpoint, add the following HTTP header
+to your request:
+
+```
+Authorization: Bearer <token>
+```
+
+## Administration API endpoints
+
+### Metrics-related endpoints
+
+#### Metrics `GET /metrics`
+
+Returns internal Garage metrics in Prometheus format.
+
+### Cluster operations
+
+These endpoints are defined on a dedicated [Redocly page](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/api/garage-admin-v0.html). You can also download its [OpenAPI specification](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/api/garage-admin-v0.yml).
+
+Requesting the API from the command line can be as simple as running:
+
+```bash
+curl -H 'Authorization: Bearer s3cr3t' http://localhost:3903/v0/status | jq
+```
+
+For more advanced use cases, we recommend using a SDK.  
+[Go to the "Build your own app" section to know how to use our SDKs](@/documentation/build/_index.md)

doc/book/reference-manual/cli.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
 title = "Garage CLI"
-weight = 15
+weight = 30
 +++
 
 The Garage CLI is mostly self-documented. Make use of the `help` subcommand

doc/book/reference-manual/configuration.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
 title = "Configuration file format"
-weight = 5
+weight = 20
 +++
 
 Here is an example `garage.toml` configuration file that illustrates all of the possible options:
@@ -9,8 +9,13 @@ Here is an example `garage.toml` configuration file that illustrates all of the
 metadata_dir = "/var/lib/garage/meta"
 data_dir = "/var/lib/garage/data"
 
+db_engine = "lmdb"
+
 block_size = 1048576
 
+sled_cache_capacity = 134217728
+sled_flush_every_ms = 2000
+
 replication_mode = "3"
 
 compression_level = 1
@@ -26,15 +31,20 @@ bootstrap_peers = [
     "212fd62eeaca72c122b45a7f4fa0f55e012aa5e24ac384a72a3016413fa724ff@[fc00:F::1]:3901",
 ]
 
-consul_host = "consul.service"
-consul_service_name = "garage-daemon"
 
-kubernetes_namespace = "garage"
-kubernetes_service_name = "garage-daemon"
-kubernetes_skip_crd = false
+[consul_discovery]
+consul_http_addr = "http://127.0.0.1:8500"
+service_name = "garage-daemon"
+ca_cert = "/etc/consul/consul-ca.crt"
+client_cert = "/etc/consul/consul-client.crt"
+client_key = "/etc/consul/consul-key.crt"
+tls_skip_verify = false
+
+[kubernetes_discovery]
+namespace = "garage"
+service_name = "garage-daemon"
+skip_crd = false
 
-sled_cache_capacity = 134217728
-sled_flush_every_ms = 2000
 
 [s3_api]
 api_bind_addr = "[::]:3900"
@@ -44,6 +54,12 @@ root_domain = ".s3.garage"
 [s3_web]
 bind_addr = "[::]:3902"
 root_domain = ".web.garage"
+
+[admin]
+api_bind_addr = "0.0.0.0:3903"
+metrics_token = "cacce0b2de4bc2d9f5b5fdff551e01ac1496055aed248202d415398987e35f81"
+admin_token = "ae8cb40ea7368bbdbb6430af11cca7da833d3458a5f52086f4e805a570fb5c2a"
+trace_sink = "http://localhost:4317"
 ```
 
 The following gives details about each available configuration option.
@@ -65,6 +81,47 @@ This folder can be placed on an HDD. The space available for `data_dir`
 should be counted to determine a node's capacity
 when [adding it to the cluster layout](@/documentation/cookbook/real-world.md).
 
+### `db_engine` (since `v0.8.0`)
+
+By default, Garage uses the Sled embedded database library
+to store its metadata on-disk. Since `v0.8.0`, Garage can use alternative storage backends as follows:
+
+| DB engine | `db_engine` value | Database path |
+| --------- | ----------------- | ------------- |
+| [Sled](https://sled.rs) | `"sled"` | `<metadata_dir>/db/` |
+| [LMDB](https://www.lmdb.tech) | `"lmdb"` | `<metadata_dir>/db.lmdb/` |
+| [Sqlite](https://sqlite.org) | `"sqlite"` | `<metadata_dir>/db.sqlite` |
+
+Performance characteristics of the different DB engines are as follows:
+
+- Sled: the default database engine, which tends to produce
+  large data files and also has performance issues, especially when the metadata folder
+  is on a traditionnal HDD and not on SSD.
+- LMDB: the recommended alternative on 64-bit systems,
+  much more space-efficiant and slightly faster. Note that the data format of LMDB is not portable
+  between architectures, so for instance the Garage database of an x86-64
+  node cannot be moved to an ARM64 node. Also note that, while LMDB can technically be used on 32-bit systems,
+  this will limit your node to very small database sizes due to how LMDB works; it is therefore not recommended.
+- Sqlite: Garage supports Sqlite as a storage backend for metadata,
+  however it may have issues and is also very slow in its current implementation,
+  so it is not recommended to be used for now.
+
+It is possible to convert Garage's metadata directory from one format to another with a small utility named `convert_db`,
+which can be downloaded at the following locations:
+[for amd64](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/_releases/convert_db/amd64/convert_db),
+[for i386](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/_releases/convert_db/i386/convert_db),
+[for arm64](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/_releases/convert_db/arm64/convert_db),
+[for arm](https://garagehq.deuxfleurs.fr/_releases/convert_db/arm/convert_db).
+The `convert_db` utility is used as folows:
+
+```
+convert-db -a <input db engine> -i <input db path> \
+  		   -b <output db engine> -o <output db path>
+```
+
+Make sure to specify the full database path as presented in the table above,
+and not just the path to the metadata directory.
+
 ### `block_size`
 
 Garage splits stored objects in consecutive chunks of size `block_size`
@@ -80,24 +137,66 @@ files will remain available. This however means that chunks from existing files
 will not be deduplicated with chunks from newly uploaded files, meaning you
 might use more storage space that is optimally possible.
 
+### `sled_cache_capacity`
+
+This parameter can be used to tune the capacity of the cache used by
+[sled](https://sled.rs), the database Garage uses internally to store metadata.
+Tune this to fit the RAM you wish to make available to your Garage instance.
+This value has a conservative default (128MB) so that Garage doesn't use too much
+RAM by default, but feel free to increase this for higher performance.
+
+### `sled_flush_every_ms`
+
+This parameters can be used to tune the flushing interval of sled.
+Increase this if sled is thrashing your SSD, at the risk of losing more data in case
+of a power outage (though this should not matter much as data is replicated on other
+nodes). The default value, 2000ms, should be appropriate for most use cases.
+
 ### `replication_mode`
 
 Garage supports the following replication modes:
 
-- `none` or `1`: data stored on Garage is stored on a single node. There is no redundancy,
-  and data will be unavailable as soon as one node fails or its network is disconnected.
-  Do not use this for anything else than test deployments.
+- `none` or `1`: data stored on Garage is stored on a single node. There is no
+  redundancy, and data will be unavailable as soon as one node fails or its
+  network is disconnected.  Do not use this for anything else than test
+  deployments.
 
-- `2`: data stored on Garage will be stored on two different nodes, if possible in different
-  zones. Garage tolerates one node failure before losing data. Data should be available
-  read-only when one node is down, but write operations will fail.
-  Use this only if you really have to.
+- `2`: data stored on Garage will be stored on two different nodes, if possible
+  in different zones. Garage tolerates one node failure, or several nodes
+  failing but all in a single zone (in a deployment with at least two zones),
+  before losing data. Data remains available in read-only mode when one node is
+  down, but write operations will fail.
 
-- `3`: data stored on Garage will be stored on three different nodes, if possible each in
-  a different zones.
-  Garage tolerates two node failure before losing data. Data should be available
-  read-only when two nodes are down, and writes should be possible if only a single node
-  is down.
+  - `2-dangerous`: a variant of mode `2`, where written objects are written to
+    the second replica asynchronously. This means that Garage will return `200
+    OK` to a PutObject request before the second copy is fully written (or even
+    before it even starts being written).  This means that data can more easily
+    be lost if the node crashes before a second copy can be completed.  This
+    also means that written objects might not be visible immediately in read
+    operations.  In other words, this mode severely breaks the consistency and
+    durability guarantees of standard Garage cluster operation.  Benefits of
+    this mode: you can still write to your cluster when one node is
+    unavailable.
+
+- `3`: data stored on Garage will be stored on three different nodes, if
+  possible each in a different zones.  Garage tolerates two node failure, or
+  several node failures but in no more than two zones (in a deployment with at
+  least three zones), before losing data. As long as only a single node fails,
+  or node failures are only in a single zone, reading and writing data to
+  Garage can continue normally.
+
+  - `3-degraded`: a variant of replication mode `3`, that lowers the read
+    quorum to `1`, to allow you to read data from your cluster when several
+    nodes (or nodes in several zones) are unavailable.  In this mode, Garage
+    does not provide read-after-write consistency anymore.  The write quorum is
+    still 2, ensuring that data successfully written to Garage is stored on at
+    least two nodes.
+
+  - `3-dangerous`: a variant of replication mode `3` that lowers both the read
+    and write quorums to `1`, to allow you to both read and write to your
+    cluster when several nodes (or nodes in several zones) are unavailable.  It
+    is the least consistent mode of operation proposed by Garage, and also one
+    that should probably never be used.
 
 Note that in modes `2` and `3`,
 if at least the same number of zones are available, an arbitrary number of failures in 
@@ -106,8 +205,35 @@ any given zone is tolerated as copies of data will be spread over several zones.
 **Make sure `replication_mode` is the same in the configuration files of all nodes.
 Never run a Garage cluster where that is not the case.**
 
-Changing the `replication_mode` of a cluster might work (make sure to shut down all nodes
-and changing it everywhere at the time), but is not officially supported.
+The quorums associated with each replication mode are described below:
+
+| `replication_mode` | Number of replicas | Write quorum | Read quorum | Read-after-write consistency? |
+| ------------------ | ------------------ | ------------ | ----------- | ----------------------------- |
+| `none` or `1`      | 1                  | 1            | 1           | yes                           |
+| `2`                | 2                  | 2            | 1           | yes                           |
+| `2-dangerous`      | 2                  | 1            | 1           | NO                            |
+| `3`                | 3                  | 2            | 2           | yes                           |
+| `3-degraded`       | 3                  | 2            | 1           | NO                            |
+| `3-dangerous`      | 3                  | 1            | 1           | NO                            |
+
+Changing the `replication_mode` between modes with the same number of replicas
+(e.g. from `3` to `3-degraded`, or from `2-dangerous` to `2`), can be done easily by
+just changing the `replication_mode` parameter in your config files and restarting all your
+Garage nodes.
+
+It is also technically possible to change the replication mode to a mode with a
+different numbers of replicas, although it's a dangerous operation that is not
+officially supported.  This requires you to delete the existing cluster layout
+and create a new layout from scratch, meaning that a full rebalancing of your
+cluster's data will be needed.  To do it, shut down your cluster entirely,
+delete the `custer_layout` files in the meta directories of all your nodes,
+update all your configuration files with the new `replication_mode` parameter,
+restart your cluster, and then create a new layout with all the nodes you want
+to keep.  Rebalancing data will take some time, and data might temporarily
+appear unavailable to your users.  It is recommended to shut down public access
+to the cluster while rebalancing is in progress.  In theory, no data should be
+lost as rebalancing is a routine operation for Garage, although we cannot
+guarantee you that everything will go right in such an extreme scenario.
 
 ### `compression_level`
 
@@ -173,48 +299,58 @@ be obtained by running `garage node id` and then included directly in the
 key will be returned by `garage node id` and you will have to add the IP
 yourself.
 
-### `consul_host` and `consul_service_name`
+
+## The `[consul_discovery]` section
 
 Garage supports discovering other nodes of the cluster using Consul.  For this
 to work correctly, nodes need to know their IP address by which they can be
 reached by other nodes of the cluster, which should be set in `rpc_public_addr`.
 
-The `consul_host` parameter should be set to the hostname of the Consul server,
-and `consul_service_name` should be set to the service name under which Garage's
+### `consul_http_addr` and `service_name`
+
+The `consul_http_addr` parameter should be set to the full HTTP(S) address of the Consul server.
+
+### `service_name`
+
+`service_name` should be set to the service name under which Garage's
 RPC ports are announced.
 
-Garage does not yet support talking to Consul over TLS.
+### `client_cert`, `client_key`
 
-### `kubernetes_namespace`, `kubernetes_service_name` and `kubernetes_skip_crd`
+TLS client certificate and client key to use when communicating with Consul over TLS. Both are mandatory when doing so.
+
+### `ca_cert`
+
+TLS CA certificate to use when communicating with Consul over TLS.
+
+### `tls_skip_verify`
+
+Skip server hostname verification in TLS handshake.
+`ca_cert` is ignored when this is set.
+
+
+## The `[kubernetes_discovery]` section
 
 Garage supports discovering other nodes of the cluster using kubernetes custom
-resources. For this to work `kubernetes_namespace` and `kubernetes_service_name`
-need to be configured.
+resources. For this to work, a `[kubernetes_discovery]` section must be present
+with at least the `namespace` and `service_name` parameters.
 
-`kubernetes_namespace` sets the namespace in which the custom resources are
-configured. `kubernetes_service_name` is added as a label to these resources to
+### `namespace`
+
+`namespace` sets the namespace in which the custom resources are
+configured.
+
+### `service_name`
+
+`service_name` is added as a label to the advertised resources to
 filter them, to allow for multiple deployments in a single namespace.
 
-`kubernetes_skip_crd` can be set to true to disable the automatic creation and
+### `skip_crd`
+
+`skip_crd` can be set to true to disable the automatic creation and
 patching of the `garagenodes.deuxfleurs.fr` CRD. You will need to create the CRD
 manually.
 
-### `sled_cache_capacity`
-
-This parameter can be used to tune the capacity of the cache used by
-[sled](https://sled.rs), the database Garage uses internally to store metadata.
-Tune this to fit the RAM you wish to make available to your Garage instance.
-This value has a conservative default (128MB) so that Garage doesn't use too much
-RAM by default, but feel free to increase this for higher performance.
-
-### `sled_flush_every_ms`
-
-This parameters can be used to tune the flushing interval of sled.
-Increase this if sled is thrashing your SSD, at the risk of losing more data in case
-of a power outage (though this should not matter much as data is replicated on other
-nodes). The default value, 2000ms, should be appropriate for most use cases.
-
-
 
 ## The `[s3_api]` section
 
@@ -260,3 +396,35 @@ For instance, if `root_domain` is `web.garage.eu`, a bucket called `deuxfleurs.f
 will be accessible either with hostname `deuxfleurs.fr.web.garage.eu`
 or with hostname `deuxfleurs.fr`.
 
+
+## The `[admin]` section
+
+Garage has a few administration capabilities, in particular to allow remote monitoring. These features are detailed below.
+
+### `api_bind_addr`
+
+If specified, Garage will bind an HTTP server to this port and address, on
+which it will listen to requests for administration features.
+See [administration API reference](@/documentation/reference-manual/admin-api.md) to learn more about these features.
+
+### `metrics_token` (since version 0.7.2)
+
+The token for accessing the Metrics endpoint. If this token is not set in
+the config file, the Metrics endpoint can be accessed without access
+control.
+
+You can use any random string for this value. We recommend generating a random token with `openssl rand -hex 32`.
+
+### `admin_token` (since version 0.7.2)
+
+The token for accessing all of the other administration endpoints.  If this
+token is not set in the config file, access to these endpoints is disabled
+entirely.
+
+You can use any random string for this value. We recommend generating a random token with `openssl rand -hex 32`.
+
+### `trace_sink`
+
+Optionnally, the address of an Opentelemetry collector.  If specified,
+Garage will send traces in the Opentelemetry format to this endpoint. These
+trace allow to inspect Garage's operation when it handles S3 API requests.

doc/book/reference-manual/features.md

@@ -0,0 +1,125 @@
++++
+title = "List of Garage features"
+weight = 10
++++
+
+
+### S3 API
+
+The main goal of Garage is to provide an object storage service that is compatible with the
+[S3 API](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/Welcome.html) from Amazon Web Services.
+We try to adhere as strictly as possible to the semantics of the API as implemented by Amazon
+and other vendors such as Minio or CEPH.
+
+Of course Garage does not implement the full span of API endpoints that AWS S3 does;
+the exact list of S3 features implemented by Garage can be found [on our S3 compatibility page](@/documentation/reference-manual/s3-compatibility.md).
+
+### Geo-distribution
+
+Garage allows you to store copies of your data in multiple geographical locations in order to maximize resilience
+to adverse events, such as network/power outages or hardware failures.
+This allows Garage to run very well even at home, using consumer-grade Internet connectivity
+(such as FTTH) and power, as long as cluster nodes can be spawned at several physical locations.
+Garage exploits knowledge of the capacity and physical location of each storage node to design
+a storage plan that best exploits the available storage capacity while satisfying the geo-distributed replication constraint.
+
+To learn more about geo-distributed Garage clusters,
+read our documentation on [setting up a real-world deployment](@/documentation/cookbook/real-world.md).
+
+### Standalone/self-contained
+
+Garage is extremely simple to deploy, and does not depend on any external service to run.
+This makes setting up and administering storage clusters, we hope, as easy as it could be.
+
+### Flexible topology
+
+A Garage cluster can very easily evolve over time, as storage nodes are added or removed.
+Garage will automatically rebalance data between nodes as needed to ensure the desired number of copies.
+Read about cluster layout management [here](@/documentation/reference-manual/layout.md).
+
+### No RAFT slowing you down
+
+It might seem strange to tout the absence of something as a desirable feature,
+but this is in fact a very important point! Garage does not use RAFT or another
+consensus algorithm internally to order incoming requests: this means that all requests
+directed to a Garage cluster can be handled independently of one another instead
+of going through a central bottleneck (the leader node).
+As a consequence, requests can be handled much faster, even in cases where latency
+between cluster nodes is important (see our [benchmarks](@/documentation/design/benchmarks/index.md) for data on this).
+This is particularly usefull when nodes are far from one another and talk to one other through standard Internet connections.
+
+### Several replication modes
+
+Garage supports a variety of replication modes, with 1 copy, 2 copies or 3 copies of your data,
+and with various levels of consistency, in order to adapt to a variety of usage scenarios.
+Read our reference page on [supported replication modes](@/documentation/reference-manual/configuration.md#replication-mode)
+to select the replication mode best suited to your use case (hint: in most cases, `replication_mode = "3"` is what you want).
+
+### Web server for static websites
+
+A storage bucket can easily be configured to be served directly by Garage as a static web site.
+Domain names for multiple websites directly map to bucket names, making it easy to build
+a platform for your users to autonomously build and host their websites over Garage.
+Surprisingly, none of the other alternative S3 implementations we surveyed (such as Minio
+or CEPH) support publishing static websites from S3 buckets, a feature that is however
+directly inherited from S3 on AWS.
+Read more on our [dedicated documentation page](@/documentation/cookbook/exposing-websites.md).
+
+### Bucket names as aliases
+
+In Garage, a bucket may have several names, known as aliases.
+Aliases can easily be added and removed on demand:
+this allows to easily rename buckets if needed
+without having to copy all of their content, something that cannot be done on AWS.
+For buckets served as static websites, having multiple aliases for a bucket can allow
+exposing the same content under different domain names.
+
+Garage also supports bucket aliases which are local to a single user:
+this allows different users to have different buckets with the same name, thus avoiding naming collisions.
+This can be helpfull for instance if you want to write an application that creates per-user buckets with always the same name.
+
+This feature is totally invisible to S3 clients and does not break compatibility with AWS.
+
+### Cluster administration API
+
+Garage provides a fully-fledged REST API to administer your cluster programatically.
+Functionality included in the admin API include: setting up and monitoring
+cluster nodes, managing access credentials, and managing storage buckets and bucket aliases.
+A full reference of the administration API is available [here](@/documentation/reference-manual/admin-api.md).
+
+### Metrics and traces
+
+Garage makes some internal metrics available in the Prometheus data format,
+which allows you to build interactive dashboards to visualize the load and internal state of your storage cluster.
+
+For developpers and performance-savvy administrators,
+Garage also supports exporting traces of what it does internally in OpenTelemetry format.
+This allows to monitor the time spent at various steps of the processing of requests,
+in order to detect potential performance bottlenecks.
+
+### Kubernetes and Nomad integrations
+
+Garage can automatically discover other nodes in the cluster thanks to integration
+with orchestrators such as Kubernetes and Nomad (when used with Consul).
+This eases the configuration of your cluster as it removes one step where nodes need
+to be manually connected to one another.
+
+### Support for changing IP addresses
+
+As long as all of your nodes don't change their IP address at the same time,
+Garage should be able to tolerate nodes with changing/dynamic IP addresses,
+as nodes will regularly exchange the IP addresses of their peers and try to
+reconnect using newer addresses when existing connections are broken.
+
+### K2V API (experimental)
+
+As part of an ongoing research project, Garage can expose an experimental key/value storage API called K2V.
+K2V is made for the storage and retrieval of many small key/value pairs that need to be processed in bulk.
+This completes the S3 API with an alternative that can be used to easily store and access metadata
+related to objects stored in an S3 bucket.
+
+In the context of our research project, [Aérogramme](https://aerogramme.deuxfleurs.fr),
+K2V is used to provide metadata and log storage for operations on encrypted e-mail storage.
+
+Learn more on the specification of K2V [here](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/src/branch/k2v/doc/drafts/k2v-spec.md)
+and on how to enable it in Garage [here](@/documentation/reference-manual/k2v.md).

doc/book/reference-manual/k2v.md

@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
++++
+title = "K2V"
+weight = 70
++++
+
+Starting with version 0.7.2, Garage introduces an optionnal feature, K2V,
+which is an alternative storage API designed to help efficiently store
+many small values in buckets (in opposition to S3 which is more designed
+to store large blobs).
+
+K2V is currently disabled at compile time in all builds, as the
+specification is still subject to changes. To build a Garage version with
+K2V, the Cargo feature flag `k2v` must be activated.  Special builds with
+the `k2v` feature flag enabled can be obtained from our download page under
+"Extra builds": such builds can be identified easily as their tag name ends
+with `-k2v` (example: `v0.7.2-k2v`).
+
+The specification of the K2V API can be found
+[here](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/src/branch/k2v/doc/drafts/k2v-spec.md).
+This document also includes a high-level overview of K2V's design.
+
+The K2V API uses AWSv4 signatures for authentification, same as the S3 API.
+The AWS region used for signature calculation is always the same as the one
+defined for the S3 API in the config file.
+
+## Enabling and using K2V
+
+To enable K2V, download and run a build that has the `k2v` feature flag
+enabled, or produce one yourself. Then, add the following section to your
+configuration file:
+
+```toml
+[k2v_api]
+api_bind_addr = "<ip>:<port>"
+```
+
+Please select a port number that is not already in use by another API
+endpoint (S3 api, admin API) or by the RPC server.
+
+We provide an early-stage K2V client library for Rust which can be imported by adding the following to your `Cargo.toml` file:
+
+```toml
+k2v-client = { git = "https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage.git" }
+```
+
+There is also a simple CLI utility which can be built from source in the
+following way:
+
+```sh
+git clone https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage.git
+cd garage/src/k2v-client
+cargo build --features cli --bin k2v-cli
+```
+
+The CLI utility is self-documented, run `k2v-cli --help` to learn how to use
+it. There is also a short README.md in the `src/k2v-client` folder with some
+instructions.
+

doc/book/reference-manual/layout.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
 title = "Cluster layout management"
-weight = 10
+weight = 50
 +++
 
 The cluster layout in Garage is a table that assigns to each node a role in

doc/book/reference-manual/routing.md

@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-+++
-title = "Request routing logic"
-weight = 10
-+++
-
-Data retrieval requests to Garage endpoints (S3 API and websites) are resolved 
-to an individual object in a bucket. Since objects are replicated to multiple nodes 
-Garage must ensure consistency before answering the request.
-
-## Using quorum to ensure consistency
-
-Garage ensures consistency by attempting to establish a quorum with the
-data nodes responsible for the object. When a majority of the data nodes
-have provided metadata on a object Garage can then answer the request.
-
-When a request arrives Garage will, assuming the recommended 3 replicas, perform the following actions:
-
-- Make a request to the two preferred nodes for object metadata
-- Try the third node if one of the two initial requests fail
-- Check that the metadata from at least 2 nodes match
-- Check that the object hasn't been marked deleted
-- Answer the request with inline data from metadata if object is small enough
-- Or get data blocks from the preferred nodes and answer using the assembled object
-
-Garage dynamically determines which nodes to query based on health, preference, and 
-which nodes actually host a given data. Garage has no concept of "primary" so any 
-healthy node with the data can be used as long as a quorum is reached for the metadata.
-
-## Node health
-
-Garage keeps a TCP session open to each node in the cluster and periodically pings them. If a connection
-cannot be established, or a node fails to answer a number of pings, the target node is marked as failed.
-Failed nodes are not used for quorum or other internal requests.
-
-## Node preference
-
-Garage prioritizes which nodes to query according to a few criteria:
-
-- A node always prefers itself if it can answer the request
-- Then the node prioritizes nodes in the same zone
-- Finally the nodes with the lowest latency are prioritized 
-
-
-For further reading on the cluster structure look at the [gateway](@/documentation/cookbook/gateways.md) 
-and [cluster layout management](@/documentation/reference-manual/layout.md) pages.

doc/book/reference-manual/s3-compatibility.md

@@ -1,53 +1,79 @@
 +++
 title = "S3 Compatibility status"
-weight = 20
+weight = 40
 +++
 
-## Endpoint implementation
+## DISCLAIMER
 
-All APIs that are missing on Garage will return a 501 Not Implemented.
-Some `x-amz-` headers are not implemented.
+**The compatibility list for other platforms is given only for informational
+purposes and based on available documentation.** They are sometimes completed,
+in a best effort approach, with the source code and inputs from maintainers
+when documentation is lacking. We are not proactively monitoring new versions
+of each software: check the modification history to know when the page has been
+updated for the last time. Some entries will be inexact or outdated. For any
+serious decision, you must make your own tests.
+**The official documentation of each project can be accessed by clicking on the
+project name in the column header.**
 
-*The compatibility list for other platforms is given only for information purposes and based on available documentation. Some entries might be inexact. Feel free to open a PR to fix this table. Minio is missing because they do not provide a public S3 compatibility list.*
+Feel free to open a PR to suggest fixes this table. Minio is missing because they do not provide a public S3 compatibility list.
 
-### Features
+## Update history
+
+- 2022-02-07 - First version of this page
+- 2022-05-25 - Many Ceph S3 endpoints are not documented but implemented. Following a notification from the Ceph community, we added them.
+
+
+
+## High-level features
 
 | Feature                      | Garage                           | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
 |------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
-| [signature v2](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/signature-version-2.html) (deprecated) | ❌ Missing | ✅ |  ❌ | ✅ | ✅ |
+| [signature v2](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/general/latest/gr/signature-version-2.html) (deprecated) | ❌ Missing | ✅ |  ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
 | [signature v4](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/sig-v4-authenticating-requests.html) |  ✅ Implemented |  ✅ |  ✅ | ❌ | ✅ |
 | [URL path-style](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/VirtualHosting.html#path-style-access) (eg. `host.tld/bucket/key`) |  ✅ Implemented | ✅ |  ✅ | ❓| ✅ |
 | [URL vhost-style](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/VirtualHosting.html#virtual-hosted-style-access) URL (eg. `bucket.host.tld/key`) |  ✅ Implemented | ❌| ✅| ✅ | ✅ |
 | [Presigned URLs](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/ShareObjectPreSignedURL.html) |  ✅ Implemented | ❌|  ✅ | ✅ |  ✅(❓) |
 
-*Note:* OpenIO does not says if it supports presigned URLs. Because it is part of signature v4 and they claim they support it without additional precisions, we suppose that OpenIO supports presigned URLs.
+*Note:* OpenIO does not says if it supports presigned URLs. Because it is part
+of signature v4 and they claim they support it without additional precisions,
+we suppose that OpenIO supports presigned URLs.
+
+
+## Endpoint implementation
+
+All endpoints that are missing on Garage will return a 501 Not Implemented.
+Some `x-amz-` headers are not implemented.
 
 ### Core endoints
 
-| Endpoint                     | Garage                           | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |  
+| Endpoint                     | Garage                           | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
 |------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
 | [CreateBucket](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_CreateBucket.html)                 | ✅ Implemented                      | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
 | [DeleteBucket](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucket.html)                 | ✅ Implemented                      | ✅ |  ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
 | [GetBucketLocation](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketLocation.html)            | ✅ Implemented                 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ |
 | [HeadBucket](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_HeadBucket.html)                   | ✅ Implemented                      | ✅ | ✅ |  ✅ | ✅ |
 | [ListBuckets](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_ListBuckets.html)                  | ✅ Implemented                      | ❌| ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
-| [HeadObject](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_HeadObject.html)                   | ✅ Implemented                      | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 
-| [CopyObject](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_CopyObject.html)                   | ✅ Implemented                      |  ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 
+| [HeadObject](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_HeadObject.html)                   | ✅ Implemented                      | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
+| [CopyObject](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_CopyObject.html)                   | ✅ Implemented                      |  ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
 | [DeleteObject](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteObject.html)                 | ✅ Implemented                      | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
 | [DeleteObjects](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteObjects.html)                | ✅ Implemented                      |  ✅  | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
 | [GetObject](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetObject.html)                    | ✅ Implemented                      |  ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
 | [ListObjects](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_ListObjects.html)                  | ✅ Implemented (see details below)   | ✅ | ✅ |  ✅ | ❌|
-| [ListObjectsV2](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_ListObjectsV2.html)                | ✅ Implemented                      | ❌| ❌| ❌| ✅ |
-| [PostObject](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/RESTObjectPOST.html) (compatibility API)                   |  ❌ Missing                      | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
+| [ListObjectsV2](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_ListObjectsV2.html)                | ✅ Implemented                      | ❌|  ✅  | ❌| ✅ |
+| [PostObject](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/RESTObjectPOST.html)                  | ✅ Implemented                      | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
 | [PutObject](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutObject.html)                    | ✅ Implemented                      | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
 
-**ListObjects:** Implemented, but there isn't a very good specification of what `encoding-type=url` covers so there might be some encoding bugs. In our implementation the url-encoded fields are in the same in ListObjects as they are in ListObjectsV2.
+**ListObjects:** Implemented, but there isn't a very good specification of what
+`encoding-type=url` covers so there might be some encoding bugs. In our
+implementation the url-encoded fields are in the same in ListObjects as they
+are in ListObjectsV2.
 
-*Note: Ceph API documentation is incomplete and miss at least HeadBucket and UploadPartCopy, but these endpoints are documented in [Red Hat Ceph Storage - Chapter 2. Ceph Object Gateway and the S3 API](https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_ceph_storage/4/html/developer_guide/ceph-object-gateway-and-the-s3-api)*
+*Note: Ceph API documentation is incomplete and lacks at least HeadBucket and UploadPartCopy,
+but these endpoints are documented in [Red Hat Ceph Storage - Chapter 2. Ceph Object Gateway and the S3 API](https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-us/red_hat_ceph_storage/4/html/developer_guide/ceph-object-gateway-and-the-s3-api)*
 
 ### Multipart Upload endpoints
 
-| Endpoint                     | Garage                           | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |  
+| Endpoint                     | Garage                           | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
 |------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
 | [AbortMultipartUpload](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_AbortMultipartUpload.html)         | ✅ Implemented                      |  ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
 | [CompleteMultipartUpload](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_CompleteMultipartUpload.html)   | ✅ Implemented (see details below)                      | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
@@ -62,18 +88,18 @@ For more information, please refer to our [issue tracker](https://git.deuxfleurs
 
 ### Website endpoints
 
-| Endpoint                     | Garage                           | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |  
+| Endpoint                     | Garage                           | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
 |------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
 | [DeleteBucketWebsite](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketWebsite.html)          | ✅ Implemented                      | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
 | [GetBucketWebsite](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketWebsite.html)             | ✅ Implemented                      |  ❌ | ❌| ❌| ❌|
 | [PutBucketWebsite](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketWebsite.html)             | ⚠ Partially implemented (see below)| ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
-| [DeleteBucketCors](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketCors.html)             | ✅ Implemented                      |  ❌| ❌| ❌| ✅ |
-| [GetBucketCors](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketCors.html)                | ✅ Implemented                      |  ❌ | ❌| ❌| ✅ |
-| [PutBucketCors](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketCors.html)                | ✅ Implemented                      | ❌| ❌| ❌| ✅ |
+| [DeleteBucketCors](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketCors.html)             | ✅ Implemented                      |  ❌|  ✅ | ❌| ✅ |
+| [GetBucketCors](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketCors.html)                | ✅ Implemented                      |  ❌ |  ✅ | ❌| ✅ |
+| [PutBucketCors](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketCors.html)                | ✅ Implemented                      | ❌|  ✅ | ❌| ✅ |
 
 **PutBucketWebsite:** Implemented, but only stores the index document suffix and the error document path. Redirects are not supported.
 
-*Note: Ceph radosgw has some support for static websites but it is different from Amazon one plus it does not implement its configuration endpoints.*
+*Note: Ceph radosgw has some support for static websites but it is different from the Amazon one. It also does not implement its configuration endpoints.*
 
 ### ACL, Policies endpoints
 
@@ -81,29 +107,29 @@ Amazon has 2 access control mechanisms in S3: ACL (legacy) and policies (new one
 Garage implements none of them, and has its own system instead, built around a per-access-key-per-bucket logic.
 See Garage CLI reference manual to learn how to use Garage's permission system.
 
-| Endpoint                     | Garage                           | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |  
+| Endpoint                     | Garage                           | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
 |------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
-| [DeleteBucketPolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketPolicy.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ✅ | ❌|
-| [GetBucketPolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketPolicy.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ⚠ | ❌|
-| [GetBucketPolicyStatus](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketPolicyStatus.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
-| [PutBucketPolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketPolicy.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ⚠ | ❌|
+| [DeleteBucketPolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketPolicy.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌|  ✅ | ✅ | ❌|
+| [GetBucketPolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketPolicy.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌|  ✅ | ⚠ | ❌|
+| [GetBucketPolicyStatus](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketPolicyStatus.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
+| [PutBucketPolicy](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketPolicy.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌|  ✅ | ⚠ | ❌|
 | [GetBucketAcl](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketAcl.html) | ❌ Missing | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
 | [PutBucketAcl](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketAcl.html) | ❌ Missing | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
 | [GetObjectAcl](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetObjectAcl.html) | ❌ Missing | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
 | [PutObjectAcl](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutObjectAcl.html) | ❌ Missing | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ |
 
-*Notes:* Ceph claims that it supports bucket policies but does not implement any Policy endpoints. They probably refer to their own permission system. Riak CS only supports a subset of the policy configuration.
+*Notes:* Riak CS only supports a subset of the policy configuration.
 
 ### Versioning, Lifecycle endpoints
 
-Garage does not support (yet) object versioning.
+Garage does not (yet) support object versioning.
 If you need this feature, please [share your use case in our dedicated issue](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/issues/166).
 
-| Endpoint                     | Garage                           | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |  
+| Endpoint                     | Garage                           | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
 |------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
 | [DeleteBucketLifecycle](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketLifecycle.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅| ❌| ✅|
-| [GetBucketLifecycleConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketLifecycleConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ⚠ | ❌| ✅|
-| [PutBucketLifecycleConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketLifecycleConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ⚠ | ❌| ✅|
+| [GetBucketLifecycleConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketLifecycleConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ✅|
+| [PutBucketLifecycleConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketLifecycleConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ✅|
 | [GetBucketVersioning](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketVersioning.html)          | ❌ Stub (see below)       | ✅| ✅ | ❌| ✅|
 | [ListObjectVersions](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_ListObjectVersions.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ✅|
 | [PutBucketVersioning](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketVersioning.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅| ❌| ✅|
@@ -111,64 +137,65 @@ If you need this feature, please [share your use case in our dedicated issue](ht
 
 **GetBucketVersioning:** Stub implementation (Garage does not yet support versionning so this always returns "versionning not enabled").
 
-*Note: Ceph only supports `Expiration`, `NoncurrentVersionExpiration` and `AbortIncompleteMultipartUpload` on its Lifecycle endpoints.*
- 
 ### Replication endpoints
 
 Please open an issue if you have a use case for replication.
 
-| Endpoint                     | Garage                           | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |  
+| Endpoint                     | Garage                           | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
 |------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
 | [DeleteBucketReplication](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketReplication.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
 | [GetBucketReplication](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketReplication.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
 | [PutBucketReplication](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketReplication.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ⚠ | ❌| ❌|
 
-*Note: Ceph documentation briefly says that Ceph supports [replication though the S3 API](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/multisite-sync-policy/#s3-replication-api) but with some limitations. Additionaly, replication endpoints are not documented in the S3 compatibility page so I don't know what kind of support we can expect.*
+*Note: Ceph documentation briefly says that Ceph supports
+[replication through the S3 API](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/multisite-sync-policy/#s3-replication-api)
+but with some limitations.
+Additionaly, replication endpoints are not documented in the S3 compatibility page so I don't know what kind of support we can expect.*
 
 ### Locking objects
 
 Amazon defines a concept of [object locking](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/userguide/object-lock.html) that can be achieved either through a Retention period or a Legal hold.
 
-| Endpoint                     | Garage                           | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |  
+| Endpoint                     | Garage                           | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
 |------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
 | [GetObjectLegalHold](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetObjectLegalHold.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
 | [PutObjectLegalHold](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutObjectLegalHold.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
 | [GetObjectRetention](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetObjectRetention.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
 | [PutObjectRetention](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutObjectRetention.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
-| [GetObjectLockConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetObjectLockConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
-| [PutObjectLockConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutObjectLockConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
+| [GetObjectLockConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetObjectLockConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
+| [PutObjectLockConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutObjectLockConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
 
 ### (Server-side) encryption
 
 We think that you can either encrypt your server partition or do client-side encryption, so we did not implement server-side encryption for Garage.
 Please open an issue if you have a use case.
 
-| Endpoint                     | Garage                           | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |  
+| Endpoint                     | Garage                           | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
 |------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
-| [DeleteBucketEncryption](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketEncryption.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
-| [GetBucketEncryption](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketEncryption.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
-| [PutBucketEncryption](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketEncryption.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
+| [DeleteBucketEncryption](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketEncryption.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
+| [GetBucketEncryption](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketEncryption.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
+| [PutBucketEncryption](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketEncryption.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
 
 ### Misc endpoints
 
-| Endpoint                     | Garage                           | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |  
+| Endpoint                     | Garage                           | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
 |------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
 | [GetBucketNotificationConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketNotificationConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
 | [PutBucketNotificationConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketNotificationConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
-| [DeleteBucketTagging](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketTagging.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ✅ |
-| [GetBucketTagging](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketTagging.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ✅ |
-| [PutBucketTagging](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketTagging.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ✅ |
-| [DeleteObjectTagging](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteObjectTagging.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ✅ |
-| [GetObjectTagging](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetObjectTagging.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ✅ |
-| [PutObjectTagging](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutObjectTagging.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ✅ |
-| [GetObjectTorrent](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetObjectTorrent.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
+| [DeleteBucketTagging](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketTagging.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ✅ |
+| [GetBucketTagging](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetBucketTagging.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ✅ |
+| [PutBucketTagging](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutBucketTagging.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ✅ |
+| [DeleteObjectTagging](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteObjectTagging.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ✅ |
+| [GetObjectTagging](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetObjectTagging.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ✅ |
+| [PutObjectTagging](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_PutObjectTagging.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ✅ |
+| [GetObjectTorrent](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_GetObjectTorrent.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ✅ | ❌| ❌|
 
 ### Vendor specific endpoints
 
 <details><summary>Display Amazon specifc endpoints</summary>
 
 
-| Endpoint                     | Garage                           | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |  
+| Endpoint                     | Garage                           | [Openstack Swift](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/s3_compat.html) | [Ceph Object Gateway](https://docs.ceph.com/en/latest/radosgw/s3/) | [Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/references/apis/storage/s3/index.html) | [OpenIO](https://docs.openio.io/latest/source/arch-design/s3_compliancy.html) |
 |------------------------------|----------------------------------|-----------------|---------------|---------|-----|
 | [DeleteBucketAnalyticsConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketAnalyticsConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|
 | [DeleteBucketIntelligentTieringConfiguration](https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/API/API_DeleteBucketIntelligentTieringConfiguration.html) | ❌ Missing | ❌| ❌| ❌| ❌|

doc/book/working-documents/_index.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
 title = "Working Documents"
-weight = 7
+weight = 8
 sort_by = "weight"
 template = "documentation.html"
 +++

doc/book/working-documents/design-draft.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
-title = "Design draft"
-weight = 25
+title = "Design draft (obsolete)"
+weight = 900
 +++
 
 **WARNING: this documentation is a design draft which was written before Garage's actual implementation.

doc/book/working-documents/load-balancing.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
-title = "Load balancing data"
-weight = 10
+title = "Load balancing data (obsolete)"
+weight = 910
 +++
 
 **This is being yet improved in release 0.5. The working document has not been updated yet, it still only applies to Garage 0.2 through 0.4.**

doc/book/working-documents/migration-06.md

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@ weight = 15
 +++
 
 **This guide explains how to migrate to 0.6 if you have an existing 0.5 cluster.
-We don't recommend trying to migrate directly from 0.4 or older to 0.6.**
+We don't recommend trying to migrate to 0.6 directly from 0.4 or older.**
 
 **We make no guarantee that this migration will work perfectly:
 back up all your data before attempting it!**
 
-Garage v0.6 (not yet released) introduces a new data model for buckets,
+Garage v0.6 introduces a new data model for buckets,
 that allows buckets to have many names (aliases).
 Buckets can also have "private" aliases (called local aliases),
 which are only visible when using a certain access key.

doc/book/working-documents/migration-07.md

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
++++
+title = "Migrating from 0.6 to 0.7"
+weight = 14
++++
+**This guide explains how to migrate to 0.7 if you have an existing 0.6 cluster.
+We don't recommend trying to migrate to 0.7 directly from 0.5 or older.**
+
+**We make no guarantee that this migration will work perfectly:
+back up all your data before attempting it!**
+
+Garage v0.7 introduces a cluster protocol change to support request tracing through OpenTelemetry.
+No data structure is changed, so no data migration is required.
+
+The migration steps are as follows:
+
+1. Do `garage repair --all-nodes --yes tables` and `garage repair --all-nodes --yes blocks`,
+   check the logs and check that all data seems to be synced correctly between
+   nodes. If you have time, do additional checks (`scrub`, `block_refs`, etc.)
+2. Disable API and web access. Garage does not support disabling
+   these endpoints but you can change the port number or stop your reverse
+   proxy for instance.
+3. Check once again that your cluster is healty. Run again `garage repair --all-nodes --yes tables` which is quick.
+   Also check your queues are empty, run `garage stats` to query them.
+4. Turn off Garage v0.6
+5. Backup the metadata folder of all your nodes: `cd /var/lib/garage ; tar -acf meta-v0.6.tar.zst meta/`
+6. Install Garage v0.7, edit the configuration if you plan to use OpenTelemetry or the Kubernetes integration
+7. Turn on Garage v0.7
+8. Do `garage repair --all-nodes --yes tables` and `garage repair --all-nodes --yes blocks`
+9. Your upgraded cluster should be in a working state. Re-enable API and Web
+    access and check that everything went well.
+10. Monitor your cluster in the next hours to see if it works well under your production load, report any issue.

doc/book/working-documents/migration-08.md

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
++++
+title = "Migrating from 0.7 to 0.8"
+weight = 13
++++
+
+**This guide explains how to migrate to 0.8 if you have an existing 0.7 cluster.
+We don't recommend trying to migrate to 0.8 directly from 0.6 or older.**
+
+**We make no guarantee that this migration will work perfectly:
+back up all your data before attempting it!**
+
+Garage v0.8 introduces new data tables that allow the counting of objects in buckets in order to implement bucket quotas.
+A manual migration step is required to first count objects in Garage buckets and populate these tables with accurate data.
+
+The migration steps are as follows:
+
+1. Disable API and web access. Garage v0.7 does not support disabling
+   these endpoints but you can change the port number or stop your reverse proxy for instance.
+2. Do `garage repair --all-nodes --yes tables` and `garage repair --all-nodes --yes blocks`,
+   check the logs and check that all data seems to be synced correctly between
+   nodes. If you have time, do additional checks (`scrub`, `block_refs`, etc.)
+3. Check that queues are empty: run `garage stats` to query them or inspect metrics in the Grafana dashboard.
+4. Turn off Garage v0.7
+5. **Backup the metadata folder of all your nodes!** For instance, use the following command
+	if your metadata directory is `/var/lib/garage/meta`: `cd /var/lib/garage ; tar -acf meta-v0.7.tar.zst meta/`
+6. Install Garage v0.8
+7. **Before starting Garage v0.8**, run the offline migration step: `garage offline-repair --yes object_counters`.
+   This can take a while to run, depending on the number of objects stored in your cluster.
+8. Turn on Garage v0.8
+9. Do `garage repair --all-nodes --yes tables` and `garage repair --all-nodes --yes blocks`.
+   Wait for a full table sync to run.
+10. Your upgraded cluster should be in a working state. Re-enable API and Web
+    access and check that everything went well.
+11. Monitor your cluster in the next hours to see if it works well under your production load, report any issue.

doc/book/working-documents/testing-strategy.md

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
++++
+title = "Testing strategy"
+weight = 30
++++
+
+
+## Testing Garage
+
+Currently, we have the following tests:
+
+- some unit tests spread around the codebase
+- integration tests written in Rust (`src/garage/test`) to check that Garage operations perform correctly
+- integration test for compatibility with external tools (`script/test-smoke.sh`)
+
+We have also tried `minio/mint` but it fails a lot and for now we haven't gotten a lot from it.
+
+In the future:
+
+1. We'd like to have a systematic way of testing with `minio/mint`,
+   it would add value to Garage by providing a compatibility score and reference that can be trusted.
+2. We'd also like to do testing with Jepsen in some way.
+
+## How to instrument Garagae
+
+We should try to test in least invasive ways, i.e. minimize the impact of the testing framework on Garage's source code. This means for example:
+
+- Not abstracting IO/nondeterminism in the source code
+- Not making `garage` a shared library (launch using `execve`, it's perfectly fine)
+
+Instead, we should focus on building a clean outer interface for the `garage` binary,
+for example loading configuration using environnement variables instead of the configuration file if that's helpfull for writing the tests.
+
+There are two reasons for this:
+
+- Keep the soure code clean and focused
+- Test something that is as close as possible as the true garage that will actually be running
+
+Reminder: rules of simplicity, concerning changes to Garage's source code.
+Always question what we are doing.
+Never do anything just because it looks nice or because we "think" it might be usefull at some later point but without knowing precisely why/when.
+Only do things that make perfect sense in the context of what we currently know.
+
+## References
+
+Testing is a research field on its own.
+About testing distributed systems:
+
+ - [Jepsen](https://jepsen.io/) is a testing framework designed to test distributed systems. It can mock some part of the system like the time and the network.
+ - [FoundationDB Testing Approach](https://www.micahlerner.com/2021/06/12/foundationdb-a-distributed-unbundled-transactional-key-value-store.html#what-is-unique-about-foundationdbs-testing-framework). They chose to abstract "all sources of nondeterminism and communication are abstracted, including network, disk, time, and pseudo random number generator" to be able to run tests by simulating faults.
+ - [Testing Distributed Systems](https://asatarin.github.io/testing-distributed-systems/) - Curated list of resources on testing distributed systems
+ 
+About S3 compatibility:
+  - [ceph/s3-tests](https://github.com/ceph/s3-tests)
+  - (deprecated) [minio/s3verify](https://blog.min.io/s3verify-a-simple-tool-to-verify-aws-s3-api-compatibility/)
+  - [minio/mint](https://github.com/minio/mint)
+
+About benchmarking S3 (I think it is not necessarily very relevant for this iteration):
+  - [minio/warp](https://github.com/minio/warp)
+  - [wasabi-tech/s3-benchmark](https://github.com/wasabi-tech/s3-benchmark)
+  - [dvassallo/s3-benchmark](https://github.com/dvassallo/s3-benchmark)
+  - [intel-cloud/cosbench](https://github.com/intel-cloud/cosbench) - used by Ceph
+  
+Engineering blog posts:
+ - [Quincy @ Scale: A Tale of Three Large-Scale Clusters](https://ceph.io/en/news/blog/2022/three-large-scale-clusters/)
+
+Interesting blog posts on the blog of the Sled database: 
+
+- <https://sled.rs/simulation.html>
+- <https://sled.rs/perf.html>
+  
+Misc:
+  - [mutagen](https://github.com/llogiq/mutagen) - mutation testing is a way to assert our test quality by mutating the code and see if the mutation makes the tests fail
+  - [fuzzing](https://rust-fuzz.github.io/book/) - cargo supports fuzzing, it could be a way to test our software reliability in presence of garbage data.
+  
+

doc/drafts/admin-api.md

@@ -0,0 +1,686 @@
++++
+title = "Administration API"
+weight = 60
++++
+
+The Garage administration API is accessible through a dedicated server whose
+listen address is specified in the `[admin]` section of the configuration
+file (see [configuration file
+reference](@/documentation/reference-manual/configuration.md))
+
+**WARNING.** At this point, there is no comittement to stability of the APIs described in this document.
+We will bump the version numbers prefixed to each API endpoint at each time the syntax
+or semantics change, meaning that code that relies on these endpoint will break
+when changes are introduced.
+
+The Garage administration API was introduced in version 0.7.2, this document
+does not apply to older versions of Garage.
+
+
+## Access control
+
+The admin API uses two different tokens for acces control, that are specified in the config file's `[admin]` section:
+
+- `metrics_token`: the token for accessing the Metrics endpoint (if this token
+  is not set in the config file, the Metrics endpoint can be accessed without
+  access control);
+
+- `admin_token`: the token for accessing all of the other administration
+  endpoints (if this token is not set in the config file, access to these
+  endpoints is disabled entirely).
+
+These tokens are used as simple HTTP bearer tokens. In other words, to
+authenticate access to an admin API endpoint, add the following HTTP header
+to your request:
+
+```
+Authorization: Bearer <token>
+```
+
+## Administration API endpoints
+
+### Metrics-related endpoints
+
+#### Metrics `GET /metrics`
+
+Returns internal Garage metrics in Prometheus format.
+
+#### Health `GET /health`
+
+Used for simple health checks in a cluster setting with an orchestrator.
+Returns an HTTP status 200 if the node is ready to answer user's requests,
+and an HTTP status 503 (Service Unavailable) if there are some partitions
+for which a quorum of nodes is not available.
+A simple textual message is also returned in a body with content-type `text/plain`.
+See `/v0/health` for an API that also returns JSON output.
+
+### Cluster operations
+
+#### GetClusterStatus `GET /v0/status`
+
+Returns the cluster's current status in JSON, including:
+
+- ID of the node being queried and its version of the Garage daemon
+- Live nodes
+- Currently configured cluster layout
+- Staged changes to the cluster layout
+
+Example response body:
+
+```json
+{
+  "node": "ec79480e0ce52ae26fd00c9da684e4fa56658d9c64cdcecb094e936de0bfe71f",
+  "garage_version": "git:v0.8.0",
+  "knownNodes": {
+    "ec79480e0ce52ae26fd00c9da684e4fa56658d9c64cdcecb094e936de0bfe71f": {
+      "addr": "10.0.0.11:3901",
+      "is_up": true,
+      "last_seen_secs_ago": 9,
+      "hostname": "node1"
+    },
+    "4a6ae5a1d0d33bf895f5bb4f0a418b7dc94c47c0dd2eb108d1158f3c8f60b0ff": {
+      "addr": "10.0.0.12:3901",
+      "is_up": true,
+      "last_seen_secs_ago": 1,
+      "hostname": "node2"
+    },
+    "23ffd0cdd375ebff573b20cc5cef38996b51c1a7d6dbcf2c6e619876e507cf27": {
+      "addr": "10.0.0.21:3901",
+      "is_up": true,
+      "last_seen_secs_ago": 7,
+      "hostname": "node3"
+    },
+    "e2ee7984ee65b260682086ec70026165903c86e601a4a5a501c1900afe28d84b": {
+      "addr": "10.0.0.22:3901",
+      "is_up": true,
+      "last_seen_secs_ago": 1,
+      "hostname": "node4"
+    }
+  },
+  "layout": {
+    "version": 12,
+    "roles": {
+      "ec79480e0ce52ae26fd00c9da684e4fa56658d9c64cdcecb094e936de0bfe71f": {
+        "zone": "dc1",
+        "capacity": 4,
+        "tags": [
+          "node1"
+        ]
+      },
+      "4a6ae5a1d0d33bf895f5bb4f0a418b7dc94c47c0dd2eb108d1158f3c8f60b0ff": {
+        "zone": "dc1",
+        "capacity": 6,
+        "tags": [
+          "node2"
+        ]
+      },
+      "23ffd0cdd375ebff573b20cc5cef38996b51c1a7d6dbcf2c6e619876e507cf27": {
+        "zone": "dc2",
+        "capacity": 10,
+        "tags": [
+          "node3"
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    "stagedRoleChanges": {
+      "e2ee7984ee65b260682086ec70026165903c86e601a4a5a501c1900afe28d84b": {
+        "zone": "dc2",
+        "capacity": 5,
+        "tags": [
+          "node4"
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+#### GetClusterHealth `GET /v0/health`
+
+Returns the cluster's current health in JSON format, with the following variables:
+
+- `status`: one of `Healthy`, `Degraded` or `Unavailable`:
+  - Healthy: Garage node is connected to all storage nodes
+  - Degraded: Garage node is not connected to all storage nodes, but a quorum of write nodes is available for all partitions
+  - Unavailable: a quorum of write nodes is not available for some partitions
+- `known_nodes`: the number of nodes this Garage node has had a TCP connection to since the daemon started
+- `connected_nodes`: the nubmer of nodes this Garage node currently has an open connection to
+- `storage_nodes`: the number of storage nodes currently registered in the cluster layout
+- `storage_nodes_ok`: the number of storage nodes to which a connection is currently open
+- `partitions`: the total number of partitions of the data (currently always 256)
+- `partitions_quorum`: the number of partitions for which a quorum of write nodes is available
+- `partitions_all_ok`: the number of partitions for which we are connected to all storage nodes responsible of storing it
+
+Contrarily to `GET /health`, this endpoint always returns a 200 OK HTTP response code.
+
+Example response body:
+
+```json
+{
+    "status": "Degraded",
+    "known_nodes": 3,
+    "connected_nodes": 2,
+    "storage_nodes": 3,
+    "storage_nodes_ok": 2,
+    "partitions": 256,
+    "partitions_quorum": 256,
+    "partitions_all_ok": 0
+}
+```
+
+#### ConnectClusterNodes `POST /v0/connect`
+
+Instructs this Garage node to connect to other Garage nodes at specified addresses.
+
+Example request body:
+
+```json
+[
+    "ec79480e0ce52ae26fd00c9da684e4fa56658d9c64cdcecb094e936de0bfe71f@10.0.0.11:3901",
+    "4a6ae5a1d0d33bf895f5bb4f0a418b7dc94c47c0dd2eb108d1158f3c8f60b0ff@10.0.0.12:3901"
+]
+```
+
+The format of the string for a node to connect to is: `<node ID>@<ip address>:<port>`, same as in the `garage node connect` CLI call.
+
+Example response:
+
+```json
+[
+    {
+        "success": true,
+        "error": null
+    },
+    {
+        "success": false,
+        "error": "Handshake error"
+    }
+]
+```
+
+#### GetClusterLayout `GET /v0/layout`
+
+Returns the cluster's current layout in JSON, including:
+
+- Currently configured cluster layout
+- Staged changes to the cluster layout
+
+(the info returned by this endpoint is a subset of the info returned by GetClusterStatus)
+
+Example response body:
+
+```json
+{
+  "version": 12,
+  "roles": {
+    "ec79480e0ce52ae26fd00c9da684e4fa56658d9c64cdcecb094e936de0bfe71f": {
+      "zone": "dc1",
+      "capacity": 4,
+      "tags": [
+        "node1"
+      ]
+    },
+    "4a6ae5a1d0d33bf895f5bb4f0a418b7dc94c47c0dd2eb108d1158f3c8f60b0ff": {
+      "zone": "dc1",
+      "capacity": 6,
+      "tags": [
+        "node2"
+      ]
+    },
+    "23ffd0cdd375ebff573b20cc5cef38996b51c1a7d6dbcf2c6e619876e507cf27": {
+      "zone": "dc2",
+      "capacity": 10,
+      "tags": [
+        "node3"
+      ]
+    }
+  },
+  "stagedRoleChanges": {
+    "e2ee7984ee65b260682086ec70026165903c86e601a4a5a501c1900afe28d84b": {
+      "zone": "dc2",
+      "capacity": 5,
+      "tags": [
+        "node4"
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+#### UpdateClusterLayout `POST /v0/layout`
+
+Send modifications to the cluster layout. These modifications will
+be included in the staged role changes, visible in subsequent calls
+of `GetClusterLayout`. Once the set of staged changes is satisfactory,
+the user may call `ApplyClusterLayout` to apply the changed changes,
+or `Revert ClusterLayout` to clear all of the staged changes in
+the layout.
+
+Request body format:
+
+```json
+{
+  <node_id>: {
+    "capacity": <new_capacity>,
+    "zone": <new_zone>,
+    "tags": [
+      <new_tag>,
+      ...
+    ]
+  },
+  <node_id_to_remove>: null,
+  ...
+}
+```
+
+Contrary to the CLI that may update only a subset of the fields
+`capacity`, `zone` and `tags`, when calling this API all of these
+values must be specified.
+
+
+#### ApplyClusterLayout `POST /v0/layout/apply`
+
+Applies to the cluster the layout changes currently registered as
+staged layout changes.
+
+Request body format:
+
+```json
+{
+  "version": 13
+}
+```
+
+Similarly to the CLI, the body must include the version of the new layout
+that will be created, which MUST be 1 + the value of the currently
+existing layout in the cluster.
+
+#### RevertClusterLayout `POST /v0/layout/revert`
+
+Clears all of the staged layout changes.
+
+Request body format:
+
+```json
+{
+  "version": 13
+}
+```
+
+Reverting the staged changes is done by incrementing the version number
+and clearing the contents of the staged change list.
+Similarly to the CLI, the body must include the incremented
+version number, which MUST be 1 + the value of the currently
+existing layout in the cluster.
+
+
+### Access key operations
+
+#### ListKeys `GET /v0/key`
+
+Returns all API access keys in the cluster.
+
+Example response:
+
+```json
+[
+  {
+    "id": "GK31c2f218a2e44f485b94239e",
+    "name": "test"
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "GKe10061ac9c2921f09e4c5540",
+    "name": "test2"
+  }
+]
+```
+
+#### CreateKey `POST /v0/key`
+
+Creates a new API access key.
+
+Request body format:
+
+```json
+{
+    "name": "NameOfMyKey"
+}
+```
+
+#### ImportKey `POST /v0/key/import`
+
+Imports an existing API key.
+
+Request body format:
+
+```json
+{
+    "accessKeyId": "GK31c2f218a2e44f485b94239e",
+    "secretAccessKey": "b892c0665f0ada8a4755dae98baa3b133590e11dae3bcc1f9d769d67f16c3835",
+    "name": "NameOfMyKey"
+}
+```
+
+#### GetKeyInfo `GET /v0/key?id=<acces key id>`
+#### GetKeyInfo `GET /v0/key?search=<pattern>`
+
+Returns information about the requested API access key.
+
+If `id` is set, the key is looked up using its exact identifier (faster).
+If `search` is set, the key is looked up using its name or prefix
+of identifier (slower, all keys are enumerated to do this).
+
+Example response:
+
+```json
+{
+  "name": "test",
+  "accessKeyId": "GK31c2f218a2e44f485b94239e",
+  "secretAccessKey": "b892c0665f0ada8a4755dae98baa3b133590e11dae3bcc1f9d769d67f16c3835",
+  "permissions": {
+    "createBucket": false
+  },
+  "buckets": [
+    {
+      "id": "70dc3bed7fe83a75e46b66e7ddef7d56e65f3c02f9f80b6749fb97eccb5e1033",
+      "globalAliases": [
+        "test2"
+      ],
+      "localAliases": [],
+      "permissions": {
+        "read": true,
+        "write": true,
+        "owner": false
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "d7452a935e663fc1914f3a5515163a6d3724010ce8dfd9e4743ca8be5974f995",
+      "globalAliases": [
+        "test3"
+      ],
+      "localAliases": [],
+      "permissions": {
+        "read": true,
+        "write": true,
+        "owner": false
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "e6a14cd6a27f48684579ec6b381c078ab11697e6bc8513b72b2f5307e25fff9b",
+      "globalAliases": [],
+      "localAliases": [
+        "test"
+      ],
+      "permissions": {
+        "read": true,
+        "write": true,
+        "owner": true
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "96470e0df00ec28807138daf01915cfda2bee8eccc91dea9558c0b4855b5bf95",
+      "globalAliases": [
+        "alex"
+      ],
+      "localAliases": [],
+      "permissions": {
+        "read": true,
+        "write": true,
+        "owner": true
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+#### DeleteKey `DELETE /v0/key?id=<acces key id>`
+
+Deletes an API access key.
+
+#### UpdateKey `POST /v0/key?id=<acces key id>`
+
+Updates information about the specified API access key.
+
+Request body format:
+
+```json
+{
+    "name": "NameOfMyKey",
+    "allow": {
+        "createBucket": true,
+    },
+    "deny": {}
+}
+```
+
+All fields (`name`, `allow` and `deny`) are optionnal.
+If they are present, the corresponding modifications are applied to the key, otherwise nothing is changed.
+The possible flags in `allow` and `deny` are: `createBucket`.
+
+
+### Bucket operations
+
+#### ListBuckets `GET /v0/bucket`
+
+Returns all storage buckets in the cluster.
+
+Example response:
+
+```json
+[
+  {
+    "id": "70dc3bed7fe83a75e46b66e7ddef7d56e65f3c02f9f80b6749fb97eccb5e1033",
+    "globalAliases": [
+      "test2"
+    ],
+    "localAliases": []
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "96470e0df00ec28807138daf01915cfda2bee8eccc91dea9558c0b4855b5bf95",
+    "globalAliases": [
+      "alex"
+    ],
+    "localAliases": []
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "d7452a935e663fc1914f3a5515163a6d3724010ce8dfd9e4743ca8be5974f995",
+    "globalAliases": [
+      "test3"
+    ],
+    "localAliases": []
+  },
+  {
+    "id": "e6a14cd6a27f48684579ec6b381c078ab11697e6bc8513b72b2f5307e25fff9b",
+    "globalAliases": [],
+    "localAliases": [
+      {
+        "accessKeyId": "GK31c2f218a2e44f485b94239e",
+        "alias": "test"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+]
+```
+
+#### GetBucketInfo `GET /v0/bucket?id=<bucket id>`
+#### GetBucketInfo `GET /v0/bucket?globalAlias=<alias>`
+
+Returns information about the requested storage bucket.
+
+If `id` is set, the bucket is looked up using its exact identifier.
+If `globalAlias` is set, the bucket is looked up using its global alias.
+(both are fast)
+
+Example response:
+
+```json
+{
+    "id": "afa8f0a22b40b1247ccd0affb869b0af5cff980924a20e4b5e0720a44deb8d39",
+        "globalAliases": [],
+        "websiteAccess": false,
+        "websiteConfig": null,
+        "keys": [
+        {
+            "accessKeyId": "GK31c2f218a2e44f485b94239e",
+            "name": "Imported key",
+            "permissions": {
+                "read": true,
+                "write": true,
+                "owner": true
+            },
+            "bucketLocalAliases": [
+                "debug"
+            ]
+        }
+        ],
+        "objects": 14827,
+        "bytes": 13189855625,
+        "unfinshedUploads": 0,
+        "quotas": {
+            "maxSize": null,
+            "maxObjects": null
+        }
+}
+```
+
+#### CreateBucket `POST /v0/bucket`
+
+Creates a new storage bucket.
+
+Request body format:
+
+```json
+{
+    "globalAlias": "NameOfMyBucket"
+}
+```
+
+OR
+
+```json
+{
+    "localAlias": {
+        "accessKeyId": "GK31c2f218a2e44f485b94239e",
+        "alias": "NameOfMyBucket",
+        "allow": {
+            "read": true,
+            "write": true,
+            "owner": false
+        }
+    }
+}
+```
+
+OR
+
+```json
+{}
+```
+
+Creates a new bucket, either with a global alias, a local one,
+or no alias at all.
+
+Technically, you can also specify both `globalAlias` and `localAlias` and that would create
+two aliases, but I don't see why you would want to do that.
+
+#### DeleteBucket `DELETE /v0/bucket?id=<bucket id>`
+
+Deletes a storage bucket. A bucket cannot be deleted if it is not empty.
+
+Warning: this will delete all aliases associated with the bucket!
+
+#### UpdateBucket `PUT /v0/bucket?id=<bucket id>`
+
+Updates configuration of the given bucket.
+
+Request body format:
+
+```json
+{
+    "websiteAccess": {
+        "enabled": true,
+        "indexDocument": "index.html",
+        "errorDocument": "404.html"
+    },
+    "quotas": {
+        "maxSize": 19029801,
+        "maxObjects": null,
+    }
+}
+```
+
+All fields (`websiteAccess` and `quotas`) are optionnal.
+If they are present, the corresponding modifications are applied to the bucket, otherwise nothing is changed.
+
+In `websiteAccess`: if `enabled` is `true`, `indexDocument` must be specified.
+The field `errorDocument` is optional, if no error document is set a generic
+error message is displayed when errors happen. Conversely, if `enabled` is
+`false`, neither `indexDocument` nor `errorDocument` must be specified.
+
+In `quotas`: new values of `maxSize` and `maxObjects` must both be specified, or set to `null`
+to remove the quotas. An absent value will be considered the same as a `null`. It is not possible
+to change only one of the two quotas.
+
+### Operations on permissions for keys on buckets
+
+#### BucketAllowKey `POST /v0/bucket/allow`
+
+Allows a key to do read/write/owner operations on a bucket.
+
+Request body format:
+
+```json
+{
+    "bucketId": "e6a14cd6a27f48684579ec6b381c078ab11697e6bc8513b72b2f5307e25fff9b",
+    "accessKeyId": "GK31c2f218a2e44f485b94239e",
+    "permissions": {
+        "read": true,
+        "write": true,
+        "owner": true
+    },
+}
+```
+
+Flags in `permissions` which have the value `true` will be activated.
+Other flags will remain unchanged.
+
+#### BucketDenyKey `POST /v0/bucket/deny`
+
+Denies a key from doing read/write/owner operations on a bucket.
+
+Request body format:
+
+```json
+{
+    "bucketId": "e6a14cd6a27f48684579ec6b381c078ab11697e6bc8513b72b2f5307e25fff9b",
+    "accessKeyId": "GK31c2f218a2e44f485b94239e",
+    "permissions": {
+        "read": false,
+        "write": false,
+        "owner": true
+    },
+}
+```
+
+Flags in `permissions` which have the value `true` will be deactivated.
+Other flags will remain unchanged.
+
+
+### Operations on bucket aliases
+
+#### GlobalAliasBucket `PUT /v0/bucket/alias/global?id=<bucket id>&alias=<global alias>`
+
+Empty body. Creates a global alias for a bucket.
+
+#### GlobalUnaliasBucket `DELETE /v0/bucket/alias/global?id=<bucket id>&alias=<global alias>`
+
+Removes a global alias for a bucket.
+
+#### LocalAliasBucket `PUT /v0/bucket/alias/local?id=<bucket id>&accessKeyId=<access key ID>&alias=<local alias>`
+
+Empty body. Creates a local alias for a bucket in the namespace of a specific access key.
+
+#### LocalUnaliasBucket `DELETE /v0/bucket/alias/local?id=<bucket id>&accessKeyId<access key ID>&alias=<local alias>`
+
+Removes a local alias for a bucket in the namespace of a specific access key.
+

doc/drafts/k2v-spec.md

@@ -0,0 +1,717 @@
+# Specification of the Garage K2V API (K2V = Key/Key/Value)
+
+- We are storing triplets of the form `(partition key, sort key, value)` -> no
+  user-defined fields, the client is responsible of writing whatever he wants
+  in the value (typically an encrypted blob). Values are binary blobs, which
+  are always represented as their base64 encoding in the JSON API. Partition
+  keys and sort keys are utf8 strings.
+
+- Triplets are stored in buckets; each bucket stores a separate set of triplets
+
+- Bucket names and access keys are the same as for accessing the S3 API
+
+- K2V triplets exist separately from S3 objects. K2V triplets don't exist for
+  the S3 API, and S3 objects don't exist for the K2V API.
+
+- Values stored for triplets have associated causality information, that enables
+  Garage to detect concurrent writes. In case of concurrent writes, Garage
+  keeps the concurrent values until a further write supersedes the concurrent
+  values. This is the same method as Riak KV implements. The method used is
+  based on DVVS (dotted version vector sets), described in the paper "Scalable
+  and Accurate Causality Tracking for Eventually Consistent Data Stores", as
+  well as [here](https://github.com/ricardobcl/Dotted-Version-Vectors)
+
+
+## Data format
+
+### Triple format
+
+Triples in K2V are constituted of three fields:
+
+- a partition key (`pk`), an utf8 string that defines in what partition the
+  triplet is stored; triplets in different partitions cannot be listed together
+  in a ReadBatch command, or deleted together in a DeleteBatch command: a
+  separate command must be included in the ReadBatch/DeleteBatch call for each
+  partition key in which the client wants to read/delete lists of items
+
+- a sort key (`sk`), an utf8 string that defines the index of the triplet inside its
+  partition; triplets are uniquely idendified by their partition key + sort key
+
+- a value (`v`), an opaque binary blob associated to the partition key + sort key;
+  they are transmitted as binary when possible but in most case in the JSON API
+  they will be represented as strings using base64 encoding; a value can also
+  be `null` to indicate a deleted triplet (a `null` value is called a tombstone)
+
+### Causality information
+
+K2V supports storing several concurrent values associated to a pk+sk, in the
+case where insertion or deletion operations are detected to be concurrent (i.e.
+there is not one that was aware of the other, they are not causally dependant
+one on the other).  In practice, it even looks more like the opposite: to
+overwrite a previously existing value, the client must give a "causality token"
+that "proves" (not in a cryptographic sense) that it had seen a previous value.
+Otherwise, the value written will not overwrite an existing value, it will just
+create a new concurrent value.
+
+The causality token is a binary/b64-encoded representation of a context,
+specified below.
+
+A set of concurrent values looks like this:
+
+```
+(node1, tdiscard1, (v1, t1), (v2, t2)) ; tdiscard1 < t1 < t2
+(node2, tdiscard2, (v3, t3)            ; tdiscard2 < t3
+```
+
+`tdiscard` for a node `i` means that all values inserted by node `i` with times
+`<= tdiscard` are obsoleted, i.e. have been read by a client that overwrote it
+afterwards.
+
+The associated context would be the following: `[(node1, t2), (node2, t3)]`,
+i.e. if a node reads this set of values and inserts a new values, we will now
+have `tdiscard1 = t2` and `tdiscard2 = t3`, to indicate that values v1, v2 and v3
+are obsoleted by the new write.
+
+**Basic insertion.** To insert a new value `v4` with context `[(node1, t2), (node2, t3)]`, in a
+simple case where there was no insertion in-between reading the value
+mentionned above and writing `v4`, and supposing that node2 receives the
+InsertItem query:
+
+- `node2` generates a timestamp `t4` such that `t4 > t3`.
+- the new state is as follows:
+
+```
+(node1, tdiscard1', ())       ; tdiscard1' = t2
+(node2, tdiscard2', (v4, t4)) ; tdiscard2' = t3
+```
+
+**A more complex insertion example.** In the general case, other intermediate values could have
+been written before `v4` with context `[(node1, t2), (node2, t3)]` is sent to the system.
+For instance, here is a possible sequence of events:
+
+1. First we have the set of values v1, v2 and v3 described above.
+   A node reads it, it obtains values v1, v2 and v3 with context `[(node1, t2), (node2, t3)]`.
+
+2. A node writes a value `v5` with context `[(node1, t1)]`, i.e. `v5` is only a
+   successor of v1 but not of v2 or v3. Suppose node1 receives the write, it
+   will generate a new timestamp `t5` larger than all of the timestamps it
+   knows of, i.e. `t5 > t2`. We will now have:
+
+```
+(node1, tdiscard1'', (v2, t2), (v5, t5)) ; tdiscard1'' = t1 < t2 < t5
+(node2, tdiscard2, (v3, t3)              ; tdiscard2 < t3
+```
+
+3. Now `v4` is written with context `[(node1, t2), (node2, t3)]`, and node2
+   processes the query. It will generate `t4 > t3` and the state will become:
+
+```
+(node1, tdiscard1', (v5, t5))       ; tdiscard1' = t2 < t5
+(node2, tdiscard2', (v4, t4))       ; tdiscard2' = t3
+```
+
+**Generic algorithm for handling insertions:** A certain node n handles the
+InsertItem and is responsible for the correctness of this procedure.
+
+1. Lock the key (or the whole table?) at this node to prevent concurrent updates of the value that would mess things up
+2. Read current set of values
+3. Generate a new timestamp that is larger than the largest timestamp for node n
+4. Add the inserted value in the list of values of node n
+5. Update the discard times to be the times set in the context, and accordingly discard overwritten values
+6. Release lock
+7. Propagate updated value to other nodes
+8. Return to user when propagation achieved the write quorum (propagation to other nodes continues asynchronously)
+
+**Encoding of contexts:**
+
+Contexts consist in a list of (node id, timestamp) pairs.
+They are encoded in binary as follows:
+
+```
+checksum: u64, [ node: u64, timestamp: u64 ]*
+```
+
+The checksum is just the XOR of all of the node IDs and timestamps.
+
+Once encoded in binary, contexts are written and transmitted in base64.
+
+
+### Indexing
+
+K2V keeps an index, a secondary data structure that is updated asynchronously,
+that keeps tracks of the number of triplets stored for each partition key.
+This allows easy listing of all of the partition keys for which triplets exist
+in a bucket, as the partition key becomes the sort key in the index.
+
+How indexing works:
+
+- Each node keeps a local count of how many items it stores for each partition,
+  in a local Sled tree that is updated atomically when an item is modified.
+- These local counters are asynchronously stored in the index table which is
+  a regular Garage table spread in the network. Counters are stored as LWW values,
+  so basically the final table will have the following structure:
+
+```
+- pk: bucket
+- sk: partition key for which we are counting
+- v:  lwwmap (node id -> number of items)
+```
+
+The final number of items present in the partition can be estimated by taking
+the maximum of the values (i.e. the value for the node that announces having
+the most items for that partition). In most cases the values for different node
+IDs should all be the same; more precisely, three node IDs should map to the
+same non-zero value, and all other node IDs that are present are tombstones
+that map to zeroes.  Note that we need to filter out values from nodes that are
+no longer part of the cluster layout, as when nodes are removed they won't
+necessarily have had the time to set their counters to zero.
+
+## Important details
+
+**THIS SECTION CONTAINS A FEW WARNINGS ON THE K2V API WHICH ARE IMPORTANT
+TO UNDERSTAND IN ORDER TO USE IT CORRECTLY.**
+
+- **Internal server errors on updates do not mean that the update isn't stored.**
+  K2V will return an internal server error when it cannot reach a quorum of nodes on
+  which to save an updated value. However the value may still be stored on just one
+  node, which will then propagate it to other nodes asynchronously via anti-entropy.
+
+- **Batch operations are not transactions.** When calling InsertBatch or DeleteBatch,
+  items may appear partially inserted/deleted while the operation is being processed.
+  More importantly, if InsertBatch or DeleteBatch returns an internal server error,
+  some of the items to be inserted/deleted might end up inserted/deleted on the server,
+  while others may still have their old value.
+
+- **Concurrent values are deduplicated.** When inserting a value for a key,
+  Garage might internally end up
+  storing the value several times if there are network errors. These values will end up as
+  concurrent values for a key, with the same byte string (or `null` for a deletion).
+  Garage fixes this by deduplicating concurrent values when they are returned to the
+  user on read operations. Importantly, *Garage does not differentiate between duplicate
+  concurrent values due to the user making the same call twice, or Garage having to
+  do an internal retry*. This means that all duplicate concurrent values are deduplicated
+  when an item is read: if the user inserts twice concurrently the same value, they will
+  only read it once.
+
+## API Endpoints
+
+**Remark.** Example queries and responses here are given in JSON5 format
+for clarity. However the actual K2V API uses basic JSON so all examples
+and responses need to be translated.
+
+### Operations on single items
+
+**ReadItem: `GET /<bucket>/<partition key>?sort_key=<sort key>`**
+
+
+Query parameters:
+
+| name       | default value | meaning                          |
+|------------|---------------|----------------------------------|
+| `sort_key` | **mandatory** | The sort key of the item to read |
+
+Returns the item with specified partition key and sort key. Values can be
+returned in either of two ways:
+
+1. a JSON array of base64-encoded values, or `null`'s for tombstones, with
+   header `Content-Type: application/json`
+
+2. in the case where there are no concurrent values, the single present value
+   can be returned directly as the response body (or an HTTP 204 NO CONTENT for
+   a tombstone), with header `Content-Type: application/octet-stream`
+
+The choice between return formats 1 and 2 is directed by the `Accept` HTTP header:
+
+- if the `Accept` header is not present, format 1 is always used
+
+- if `Accept` contains `application/json` but not `application/octet-stream`,
+  format 1 is always used
+
+- if `Accept` contains `application/octet-stream` but not `application/json`,
+  format 2 is used when there is a single value, and an HTTP error 409 (HTTP
+  409 CONFLICT) is returned in the case of multiple concurrent values
+  (including concurrent tombstones)
+
+- if `Accept` contains both, format 2 is used when there is a single value, and
+  format 1 is used as a fallback in case of concurrent values
+
+- if `Accept` contains none, HTTP 406 NOT ACCEPTABLE is raised
+
+Example query:
+
+```
+GET /my_bucket/mailboxes?sort_key=INBOX HTTP/1.1
+```
+
+Example response:
+
+```json
+HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+X-Garage-Causality-Token: opaquetoken123
+Content-Type: application/json
+
+[
+  "b64cryptoblob123",
+  "b64cryptoblob'123"
+]
+```
+
+Example response in case the item is a tombstone:
+
+```
+HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+X-Garage-Causality-Token: opaquetoken999
+Content-Type: application/json
+
+[
+  null
+]
+```
+
+Example query 2:
+
+```
+GET /my_bucket/mailboxes?sort_key=INBOX HTTP/1.1
+Accept: application/octet-stream
+```
+
+Example response if multiple concurrent versions exist:
+
+```
+HTTP/1.1 409 CONFLICT
+X-Garage-Causality-Token: opaquetoken123
+Content-Type: application/octet-stream
+```
+
+Example response in case of single value:
+
+```
+HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+X-Garage-Causality-Token: opaquetoken123
+Content-Type: application/octet-stream
+
+cryptoblob123
+```
+
+Example response in case of a single value that is a tombstone:
+
+```
+HTTP/1.1 204 NO CONTENT
+X-Garage-Causality-Token: opaquetoken123
+Content-Type: application/octet-stream
+```
+
+
+**PollItem: `GET /<bucket>/<partition key>?sort_key=<sort key>&causality_token=<causality token>`**
+
+This endpoint will block until a new value is written to a key.
+
+The GET parameter `causality_token` should be set to the causality
+token returned with the last read of the key, so that K2V knows
+what values are concurrent or newer than the ones that the
+client previously knew.
+
+This endpoint returns the new value in the same format as ReadItem.
+If no new value is written and the timeout elapses,
+an HTTP 304 NOT MODIFIED is returned.
+
+Query parameters:
+
+| name              | default value | meaning                                                                    |
+|-------------------|---------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `sort_key`        | **mandatory** | The sort key of the item to read                                           |
+| `causality_token` | **mandatory** | The causality token of the last known value or set of values               |
+| `timeout`         | 300           | The timeout before 304 NOT MODIFIED is returned if the value isn't updated |
+
+The timeout can be set to any number of seconds, with a maximum of 600 seconds (10 minutes).
+
+
+**InsertItem: `PUT /<bucket>/<partition key>?sort_key=<sort_key>`**
+
+Inserts a single item. This request does not use JSON, the body is sent directly as a binary blob.
+
+To supersede previous values, the HTTP header `X-Garage-Causality-Token` should
+be set to the causality token returned by a previous read on this key. This
+header can be ommitted for the first writes to the key.
+
+Example query:
+
+```
+PUT /my_bucket/mailboxes?sort_key=INBOX HTTP/1.1
+X-Garage-Causality-Token: opaquetoken123
+
+myblobblahblahblah
+```
+
+Example response:
+
+```
+HTTP/1.1 204 No Content
+```
+
+**DeleteItem: `DELETE /<bucket>/<partition key>?sort_key=<sort_key>`**
+
+Deletes a single item. The HTTP header `X-Garage-Causality-Token` must be set
+to the causality token returned by a previous read on this key, to indicate
+which versions of the value should be deleted. The request will not process if
+`X-Garage-Causality-Token` is not set.
+
+Example query:
+
+```
+DELETE /my_bucket/mailboxes?sort_key=INBOX HTTP/1.1
+X-Garage-Causality-Token: opaquetoken123
+```
+
+Example response:
+
+```
+HTTP/1.1 204 NO CONTENT
+```
+
+### Operations on index
+
+**ReadIndex: `GET /<bucket>?start=<start>&end=<end>&limit=<limit>`**
+
+Lists all partition keys in the bucket for which some triplets exist, and gives
+for each the number of triplets, total number of values (which might be bigger
+than the number of triplets in case of conflicts), total number of bytes of
+these values, and number of triplets that are in a state of conflict.
+The values returned are an approximation of the true counts in the bucket,
+as these values are asynchronously updated, and thus eventually consistent.
+
+Query parameters:
+
+| name      | default value | meaning                                                        |
+|-----------|---------------|----------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `prefix`  | `null`        | Restrict listing to partition keys that start with this prefix |
+| `start`   | `null`        | First partition key to list, in lexicographical order          |
+| `end`     | `null`        | Last partition key to list (excluded)                          |
+| `limit`   | `null`        | Maximum number of partition keys to list                       |
+| `reverse` | `false`       | Iterate in reverse lexicographical order                       |
+
+The response consists in a JSON object that repeats the parameters of the query and gives the result (see below).
+
+The listing starts at partition key `start`, or if not specified at the
+smallest partition key that exists.  It returns partition keys in increasing
+order, or decreasing order if `reverse` is set to `true`,
+and stops when either of the following conditions is met:
+
+1. if `end` is specfied, the partition key `end` is reached or surpassed (if it
+   is reached exactly, it is not included in the result)
+
+2. if `limit` is specified, `limit` partition keys have been listed
+
+3. no more partition keys are available to list
+
+In case 2, and if there are more partition keys to list before condition 1
+triggers, then in the result `more` is set to `true` and `nextStart` is set to
+the first partition key that couldn't be listed due to the limit. In the first
+case (if the listing stopped because of the `end` parameter), `more` is not set
+and the `nextStart` key is not specified.
+
+Note that if `reverse` is set to `true`, `start` is the highest key
+(in lexicographical order) for which values are returned.
+This means that if an `end` is specified, it must be smaller than `start`,
+otherwise no values will be returned.
+
+Example query:
+
+```
+GET /my_bucket HTTP/1.1
+```
+
+Example response:
+
+```json
+HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+
+{
+  prefix: null,
+  start: null,
+  end: null,
+  limit: null,
+  reverse: false,
+  partitionKeys: [
+    {
+      pk: "keys",
+      entries: 3043,
+      conflicts: 0,
+      values: 3043,
+      bytes: 121720,
+    },
+    {
+      pk: "mailbox:INBOX",
+      entries: 42,
+      conflicts: 1,
+      values: 43,
+      bytes: 142029,
+    },
+    {
+      pk: "mailbox:Junk",
+      entries: 2991
+      conflicts: 0,
+      values: 2991,
+      bytes: 12019322,
+    },
+    {
+      pk: "mailbox:Trash",
+      entries: 10,
+      conflicts: 0,
+      values: 10,
+      bytes: 32401,
+    },
+    {
+      pk: "mailboxes",
+      entries: 3,
+      conflicts: 0,
+      values: 3,
+      bytes: 3019,
+    },
+  ],
+  more: false,
+  nextStart: null,
+}
+```
+
+
+### Operations on batches of items
+
+**InsertBatch: `POST /<bucket>`**
+
+Simple insertion and deletion of triplets. The body is just a list of items to
+insert in the following format:
+`{ pk: "<partition key>", sk: "<sort key>", ct: "<causality token>"|null, v: "<value>"|null }`.
+
+The causality token should be the one returned in a previous read request (e.g.
+by ReadItem or ReadBatch), to indicate that this write takes into account the
+values that were returned from these reads, and supersedes them causally. If
+the triplet is inserted for the first time, the causality token should be set to
+`null`.
+
+The value is expected to be a base64-encoded binary blob. The value `null` can
+also be used to delete the triplet while preserving causality information: this
+allows to know if a delete has happenned concurrently with an insert, in which
+case both are preserved and returned on reads (see below).
+
+Partition keys and sort keys are utf8 strings which are stored sorted by
+lexicographical ordering of their binary representation.
+
+Example query:
+
+```json
+POST /my_bucket HTTP/1.1
+
+[
+  { pk: "mailbox:INBOX", sk: "001892831", ct: "opaquetoken321", v: "b64cryptoblob321updated" },
+  { pk: "mailbox:INBOX", sk: "001892912", ct: null, v: "b64cryptoblob444" },
+  { pk: "mailbox:INBOX", sk: "001892932", ct: "opaquetoken654", v: null },
+]
+```
+
+Example response:
+
+```
+HTTP/1.1 204 NO CONTENT
+```
+
+
+**ReadBatch: `POST /<bucket>?search`**, or alternatively<br/>
+**ReadBatch: `SEARCH /<bucket>`**
+
+Batch read of triplets in a bucket.
+
+The request body is a JSON list of searches, that each specify a range of
+items to get (to get single items, set `singleItem` to `true`). A search is a
+JSON struct with the following fields:
+
+| name            | default value | meaning                                                                                |
+|-----------------|---------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `partitionKey`  | **mandatory** | The partition key in which to search                                                   |
+| `prefix`        | `null`        | Restrict items to list to those whose sort keys start with this prefix                 |
+| `start`         | `null`        | The sort key of the first item to read                                                 |
+| `end`           | `null`        | The sort key of the last item to read (excluded)                                       |
+| `limit`         | `null`        | The maximum number of items to return                                                  |
+| `reverse`       | `false`       | Iterate in reverse lexicographical order on sort keys                                  |
+| `singleItem`    | `false`       | Whether to return only the item with sort key `start`                                  |
+| `conflictsOnly` | `false`       | Whether to return only items that have several concurrent values                       |
+| `tombstones`    | `false`       | Whether or not to return tombstone lines to indicate the presence of old deleted items |
+
+
+For each of the searches, triplets are listed and returned separately. The
+semantics of `prefix`, `start`, `end`, `limit` and `reverse` are the same as for ReadIndex. The
+additionnal parameter `singleItem` allows to get a single item, whose sort key
+is the one given in `start`. Parameters `conflictsOnly` and `tombstones`
+control additional filters on the items that are returned.
+
+The result is a list of length the number of searches, that consists in for
+each search a JSON object specified similarly to the result of ReadIndex, but
+that lists triplets within a partition key.
+
+The format of returned tuples is as follows: `{ sk: "<sort key>", ct: "<causality
+token>", v: ["<value1>", ...] }`, with the following fields:
+
+- `sk` (sort key): any unicode string used as a sort key
+
+- `ct` (causality token): an opaque token served by the server (generally
+  base64-encoded) to be used in subsequent writes to this key
+
+- `v` (list of values): each value is a binary blob, always base64-encoded;
+  contains multiple items when concurrent values exists
+
+- in case of concurrent update and deletion, a `null` is added to the list of concurrent values
+
+- if the `tombstones` query parameter is set to `true`, tombstones are returned
+  for items that have been deleted (this can be usefull for inserting after an
+  item that has been deleted, so that the insert is not considered
+  concurrent with the delete). Tombstones are returned as tuples in the
+  same format with only `null` values
+
+Example query:
+
+```json
+POST /my_bucket?search HTTP/1.1
+
+[
+  {
+    partitionKey: "mailboxes",
+  },
+  {
+    partitionKey: "mailbox:INBOX",
+    start: "001892831",
+    limit: 3,
+  },
+  {
+    partitionKey: "keys",
+    start: "0",
+    singleItem: true,
+  },
+]
+```
+
+Example associated response body:
+
+```json
+HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+
+[
+  {
+    partitionKey: "mailboxes",
+    prefix: null,
+    start: null,
+    end: null,
+    limit: null,
+    reverse: false,
+    conflictsOnly: false,
+    tombstones: false,
+    singleItem: false,
+    items: [
+      { sk: "INBOX", ct: "opaquetoken123", v: ["b64cryptoblob123", "b64cryptoblob'123"] },
+      { sk: "Trash", ct: "opaquetoken456", v: ["b64cryptoblob456"] },
+      { sk: "Junk", ct: "opaquetoken789", v: ["b64cryptoblob789"] },
+    ],
+    more: false,
+    nextStart: null,
+  },
+  {
+    partitionKey: "mailbox::INBOX",
+    prefix: null,
+    start: "001892831",
+    end: null,
+    limit: 3,
+    reverse: false,
+    conflictsOnly: false,
+    tombstones: false,
+    singleItem: false,
+    items: [
+      { sk: "001892831", ct: "opaquetoken321", v: ["b64cryptoblob321"] },
+      { sk: "001892832", ct: "opaquetoken654", v: ["b64cryptoblob654"] },
+      { sk: "001892874", ct: "opaquetoken987", v: ["b64cryptoblob987"] },
+    ],
+    more: true,
+    nextStart: "001892898",
+  },
+  {
+    partitionKey: "keys",
+    prefix: null,
+    start: "0",
+    end: null,
+    conflictsOnly: false,
+    tombstones: false,
+    limit: null,
+    reverse: false,
+    singleItem: true,
+    items: [
+      { sk: "0", ct: "opaquetoken999", v: ["b64binarystuff999"] },
+    ],
+    more: false,
+    nextStart: null,
+  },
+]
+```
+
+
+
+**DeleteBatch: `POST /<bucket>?delete`**
+
+Batch deletion of triplets. The request format is the same for `POST
+/<bucket>?search` to indicate items or range of items, except that here they
+are deleted instead of returned, but only the fields `partitionKey`, `prefix`, `start`,
+`end`, and `singleItem` are supported. Causality information is not given by
+the user: this request will internally list all triplets and write deletion
+markers that supersede all of the versions that have been read.
+
+This request returns for each series of items to be deleted, the number of
+matching items that have been found and deleted.
+
+Example query:
+
+```json
+POST /my_bucket?delete HTTP/1.1
+
+[
+  {
+    partitionKey: "mailbox:OldMailbox",
+  },
+  {
+    partitionKey: "mailbox:INBOX",
+    start: "0018928321",
+    singleItem: true,
+  },
+]
+```
+
+Example response:
+
+```json
+HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+
+[
+  {
+    partitionKey: "mailbox:OldMailbox",
+    prefix: null,
+    start: null,
+    end: null,
+    singleItem: false,
+    deletedItems: 35,
+  },
+  {
+    partitionKey: "mailbox:INBOX",
+    prefix: null,
+    start: "0018928321",
+    end: null,
+    singleItem: true,
+    deletedItems: 1,
+  },
+]
+```
+
+
+## Internals: causality tokens
+
+The method used is based on DVVS (dotted version vector sets). See:
+
+- the paper "Scalable and Accurate Causality Tracking for Eventually Consistent Data Stores"
+- <https://github.com/ricardobcl/Dotted-Version-Vectors>
+
+For DVVS to work, write operations (at each node) must take a lock on the data table.

doc/talks/2022-06-23-stack/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+*
+
+!assets
+
+!.gitignore
+!*.svg
+!*.png
+!*.jpg
+!*.tex
+!Makefile
+!.gitignore
+!assets/*.drawio.pdf
+
+!talk.pdf

doc/talks/2022-06-23-stack/Makefile

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+talk.pdf: talk.tex assets/consistent_hashing_1.pdf assets/consistent_hashing_2.pdf assets/consistent_hashing_3.pdf assets/consistent_hashing_4.pdf assets/garage_tables.pdf assets/deuxfleurs.pdf
+	pdflatex talk.tex
+
+assets/%.pdf: assets/%.svg
+	inkscape -D -z --file=$^ --export-pdf=$@

doc/talks/2022-06-23-stack/assets/deuxfleurs.svg

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