Merge pull request 'prez-ocp' (#636) from prez-ocp into main

Reviewed-on: Deuxfleurs/garage#636

.envrc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+use flake

.gitignore

@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@
 /pki
 **/*.rs.bk
 *.swp
+/.direnv

Cargo.toml

@@ -11,10 +11,23 @@ members = [
 	"src/web",
 	"src/garage",
 	"src/k2v-client",
+	"src/format-table",
 ]
 
 default-members = ["src/garage"]
 
+[workspace.dependencies]
+format_table = { version = "0.1.1", path = "src/format-table" }
+garage_api = { version = "0.8.4", path = "src/api" }
+garage_block = { version = "0.8.4", path = "src/block" }
+garage_db = { version = "0.8.4", path = "src/db", default-features = false }
+garage_model = { version = "0.8.4", path = "src/model", default-features = false }
+garage_rpc = { version = "0.8.4", path = "src/rpc" }
+garage_table = { version = "0.8.4", path = "src/table" }
+garage_util = { version = "0.8.4", path = "src/util" }
+garage_web = { version = "0.8.4", path = "src/web" }
+k2v-client = { version = "0.0.4", path = "src/k2v-client" }
+
 [profile.dev]
 lto = "off"
 

Makefile

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ all:
 	clear; cargo build
 
 release:
-	nix-build --arg release true
+	nix-build --attr pkgs.amd64.release --no-build-output
 
 shell:
 	nix-shell

default.nix

@@ -1,7 +1,4 @@
-{
-  system ? builtins.currentSystem,
-  git_version ? null,
-}:
+{ system ? builtins.currentSystem, git_version ? null, }:
 
 with import ./nix/common.nix;
 
@@ -13,21 +10,20 @@ let
     debug = (compile {
       inherit system target git_version pkgsSrc cargo2nixOverlay;
       release = false;
-    }).workspace.garage {
-      compileMode = "build";
-    };
+    }).workspace.garage { compileMode = "build"; };
 
     release = (compile {
       inherit system target git_version pkgsSrc cargo2nixOverlay;
       release = true;
-    }).workspace.garage {
-      compileMode = "build";
-    };
+    }).workspace.garage { compileMode = "build"; };
   });
 
-  test = (rustPkgs: pkgs.symlinkJoin {
-    name ="garage-tests";
-    paths = builtins.map (key: rustPkgs.workspace.${key} { compileMode = "test"; }) (builtins.attrNames rustPkgs.workspace);
+  test = (rustPkgs:
+    pkgs.symlinkJoin {
+      name = "garage-tests";
+      paths =
+        builtins.map (key: rustPkgs.workspace.${key} { compileMode = "test"; })
+        (builtins.attrNames rustPkgs.workspace);
     });
 
 in {
@@ -55,8 +51,6 @@ in {
       inherit system git_version pkgsSrc cargo2nixOverlay;
       target = "x86_64-unknown-linux-musl";
       compiler = "clippy";
-    }).workspace.garage {
-      compileMode = "build";
-    };
+    }).workspace.garage { compileMode = "build"; };
   };
 }

doc/api/garage-admin-v0.yml

@@ -632,7 +632,7 @@ paths:
       operationId: "UpdateBucket"
       summary: "Update a bucket"
       description: |
-        All fields (`websiteAccess` and `quotas`) are optionnal.
+        All fields (`websiteAccess` and `quotas`) are optional.
         If they are present, the corresponding modifications are applied to the bucket, otherwise nothing is changed.
 
         In `websiteAccess`: if `enabled` is `true`, `indexDocument` must be specified.
@@ -678,10 +678,12 @@ paths:
                   properties:
                     maxSize: 
                       type: integer
+                      format: int64
                       nullable: true
                       example: 19029801
                     maxObjects:
                       type: integer
+                      format: int64
                       nullable: true
                       example: null
 
@@ -1158,9 +1160,11 @@ components:
             $ref: '#/components/schemas/BucketKeyInfo'
         objects:
           type: integer
+          format: int64
           example: 14827
         bytes:
           type: integer
+          format: int64
           example: 13189855625
         unfinishedUploads:
           type: integer
@@ -1171,10 +1175,12 @@ components:
             maxSize:
               nullable: true
               type: integer
+              format: int64
               example: null
             maxObjects:
               nullable: true
               type: integer
+              format: int64
               example: null
 
 

doc/book/build/_index.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
 title = "Build your own app"
-weight = 4
+weight = 40
 sort_by = "weight"
 template = "documentation.html"
 +++

doc/book/build/python.md

@@ -5,13 +5,56 @@ weight = 20
 
 ## S3
 
+### Using Minio SDK
+
+First install the SDK:
+
+```bash
+pip3 install minio
+```
+
+Then instantiate a client object using garage root domain, api key and secret:
+
+```python
+import minio
+
+client = minio.Minio(
+  "your.domain.tld",
+  "GKyourapikey",
+  "abcd[...]1234",
+  # Force the region, this is specific to garage
+  region="region",
+)
+```
+
+Then use all the standard S3 endpoints as implemented by the Minio SDK:
+
+```
+# List buckets
+print(client.list_buckets())
+
+# Put an object containing 'content' to /path in bucket named 'bucket':
+content = b"content"
+client.put_object(
+  "bucket",
+  "path",
+  io.BytesIO(content),
+  len(content),
+)
+
+# Read the object back and check contents
+data = client.get_object("bucket", "path").read()
+assert data == content
+```
+
+For further documentation, see the Minio SDK
+[Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/python-client-api-reference.html)
+
+### Using Amazon boto3
+
 *Coming soon*
 
-Some refs:
-  - Minio SDK
-    - [Reference](https://docs.min.io/docs/python-client-api-reference.html)
-
-  - Amazon boto3
+See the official documentation:
   - [Installation](https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/guide/quickstart.html)
   - [Reference](https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/reference/services/s3.html)
   - [Example](https://boto3.amazonaws.com/v1/documentation/api/latest/guide/s3-uploading-files.html)

doc/book/connect/_index.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
 title = "Existing integrations"
-weight = 3
+weight = 30
 sort_by = "weight"
 template = "documentation.html"
 +++
@@ -10,11 +10,12 @@ Garage implements the Amazon S3 protocol, which makes it compatible with many ex
 
 In particular, you will find here instructions to connect it with:
 
-  - [Browsing tools](@/documentation/connect/cli.md)
   - [Applications](@/documentation/connect/apps/index.md)
-  - [Website hosting](@/documentation/connect/websites.md)
-  - [Software repositories](@/documentation/connect/repositories.md)
+  - [Browsing tools](@/documentation/connect/cli.md)
   - [FUSE](@/documentation/connect/fs.md)
+  - [Observability](@/documentation/connect/observability.md)
+  - [Software repositories](@/documentation/connect/repositories.md)
+  - [Website hosting](@/documentation/connect/websites.md)
 
 ### Generic instructions
 

doc/book/connect/apps/index.md

@@ -8,12 +8,13 @@ In this section, we cover the following web applications:
 | Name | Status | Note |
 |------|--------|------|
 | [Nextcloud](#nextcloud)     | ✅       |  Both Primary Storage and External Storage are supported    |
-| [Peertube](#peertube)     | ✅       | Must be configured with the website endpoint     |
+| [Peertube](#peertube)     | ✅       | Supported with the website endpoint, proxifying private videos unsupported     |
 | [Mastodon](#mastodon)     | ✅       | Natively supported    |
 | [Matrix](#matrix)     | ✅       |  Tested with `synapse-s3-storage-provider`    |
+| [ejabberd](#ejabberd)     | ✅       |  `mod_s3_upload`    |
 | [Pixelfed](#pixelfed)     | ❓       |  Not yet tested    |
 | [Pleroma](#pleroma)     | ❓       |  Not yet tested    |
-| [Lemmy](#lemmy)     | ❓       |  Not yet tested    |
+| [Lemmy](#lemmy)     | ✅        |  Supported with pict-rs    |
 | [Funkwhale](#funkwhale)     | ❓       | Not yet tested     |
 | [Misskey](#misskey)     | ❓       | Not yet tested     |
 | [Prismo](#prismo)     | ❓       | Not yet tested     |
@@ -128,6 +129,10 @@ In other words, Peertube is only responsible of the "control plane" and offload
 In return, this system is a bit harder to configure.
 We show how it is still possible to configure Garage with Peertube, allowing you to spread the load and the bandwidth usage on the Garage cluster.
 
+Starting from version 5.0, Peertube also supports improving the security for private videos by not exposing them directly
+but relying on a single control point in the Peertube instance. This is based on S3 per-object and prefix ACL, which are not currently supported
+in Garage, so this feature is unsupported. While this technically impedes security for private videos, it is not a blocking issue and could be
+a reasonable trade-off for some instances.
 
 ### Create resources in Garage
 
@@ -195,6 +200,11 @@ object_storage:
 
   max_upload_part: 2GB
 
+  proxy:
+    # You may enable this feature, yet it will not provide any security benefit, so
+    # you should rather benefit from Garage public endpoint for all videos
+    proxify_private_files: false
+
   streaming_playlists:
     bucket_name: 'peertube-playlist'
 
@@ -465,6 +475,52 @@ And add a new line. For example, to run it every 10 minutes:
 
 *External link:* [matrix-media-repo Documentation > S3](https://docs.t2bot.io/matrix-media-repo/configuration/s3-datastore.html)
 
+## ejabberd
+
+ejabberd is an XMPP server implementation which, with the `mod_s3_upload`
+module in the [ejabberd-contrib](https://github.com/processone/ejabberd-contrib)
+repository, can be integrated to store chat media files in Garage.
+
+For uploads, this module leverages presigned URLs - this allows XMPP clients to
+directly send media to Garage. Receiving clients then retrieve this media
+through the [static website](@/documentation/cookbook/exposing-websites.md)
+functionality.
+
+As the data itself is publicly accessible to someone with knowledge of the
+object URL - users are recommended to use
+[E2EE](@/documentation/cookbook/encryption.md) to protect this data-at-rest
+from unauthorized access.
+
+Install the module with:
+
+```bash
+ejabberdctl module_install mod_s3_upload
+```
+
+Create the required key and bucket with:
+
+```bash
+garage key new --name ejabberd
+garage bucket create objects.xmpp-server.fr
+garage bucket allow objects.xmpp-server.fr --read --write --key ejabberd
+garage bucket website --allow objects.xmpp-server.fr
+```
+
+The module can then be configured with:
+
+```
+  mod_s3_upload:
+    #bucket_url: https://objects.xmpp-server.fr.my-garage-instance.mydomain.tld
+    bucket_url: https://my-garage-instance.mydomain.tld/objects.xmpp-server.fr
+    access_key_id: GK...
+    access_key_secret: ...
+    region: garage
+    download_url: https://objects.xmpp-server.fr
+```
+
+Other configuration options can be found in the
+[configuration YAML file](https://github.com/processone/ejabberd-contrib/blob/master/mod_s3_upload/conf/mod_s3_upload.yml).
+
 ## Pixelfed
 
 [Pixelfed Technical Documentation > Configuration](https://docs.pixelfed.org/technical-documentation/env.html#filesystem)
@@ -475,7 +531,68 @@ And add a new line. For example, to run it every 10 minutes:
 
 ## Lemmy
 
-Lemmy uses pict-rs that [supports S3 backends](https://git.asonix.dog/asonix/pict-rs/commit/f9f4fc63d670f357c93f24147c2ee3e1278e2d97)
+Lemmy uses pict-rs that [supports S3 backends](https://git.asonix.dog/asonix/pict-rs/commit/f9f4fc63d670f357c93f24147c2ee3e1278e2d97).
+This feature requires `pict-rs >= 4.0.0`.
+
+### Creating your bucket
+
+This is the usual Garage setup:
+
+```bash
+garage key new --name pictrs-key
+garage bucket create pictrs-data
+garage bucket allow pictrs-data --read --write --key pictrs-key
+```
+
+Note the Key ID and Secret Key.
+
+### Migrating your data
+
+If your pict-rs instance holds existing data, you first need to migrate to the S3 bucket.
+
+Stop pict-rs, then run the migration utility from local filesystem to the bucket:
+
+```
+pict-rs \
+  filesystem -p /path/to/existing/files \
+  object-store \
+   -e my-garage-instance.mydomain.tld:3900 \
+   -b pictrs-data \
+   -r garage \
+   -a GK... \
+   -s abcdef0123456789...
+```
+
+This is pretty slow, so hold on while migrating.
+
+### Running pict-rs with an S3 backend
+
+Pict-rs supports both a configuration file and environment variables.
+
+Either set the following section in your `pict-rs.toml`:
+
+```
+[store]
+type = 'object_storage'
+endpoint = 'http://my-garage-instance.mydomain.tld:3900'
+bucket_name = 'pictrs-data'
+region = 'garage'
+access_key = 'GK...'
+secret_key = 'abcdef0123456789...'
+```
+
+... or set these environment variables:
+
+
+```
+PICTRS__STORE__TYPE=object_storage
+PICTRS__STORE__ENDPOINT=http://my-garage-instance.mydomain.tld:3900
+PICTRS__STORE__BUCKET_NAME=pictrs-data
+PICTRS__STORE__REGION=garage
+PICTRS__STORE__ACCESS_KEY=GK...
+PICTRS__STORE__SECRET_KEY=abcdef0123456789...
+```
+
 
 ## Funkwhale
 

doc/book/connect/backup.md

@@ -13,7 +13,41 @@ Borg Backup is very popular among the backup tools but it is not yet compatible
 We recommend using any other tool listed in this guide because they are all compatible with the S3 API.
 If you still want to use Borg, you can use it with `rclone mount`.
 
+## git-annex
 
+[git-annex](https://git-annex.branchable.com/) supports synchronizing files
+with its [S3 special remote](https://git-annex.branchable.com/special_remotes/S3/).
+
+Note that `git-annex` requires to be compiled with Haskell package version
+`aws-0.24` to work with Garage.
+
+```bash
+garage key new --name my-key
+garage bucket create my-git-annex
+garage bucket allow my-git-annex --read --write --key my-key
+```
+
+Register your Key ID and Secret key in your environment:
+
+```bash
+export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=GKxxx
+export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=xxxx
+```
+
+Within a git-annex enabled repository, configure your Garage S3 endpoint with
+the following command:
+
+```bash
+git annex initremote garage type=S3 encryption=none host=my-garage-instance.mydomain.tld protocol=https bucket=my-git-annex requeststyle=path region=garage signature=v4
+```
+
+Files can now be synchronized using the usual `git-annex` `copy` or `get`
+commands.
+
+Note that for simplicity - this example does not enable encryption for the files
+sent to Garage - please refer to the
+[git-annex encryption page](https://git-annex.branchable.com/encryption/) for
+how to configure this.
 
 ## Restic
 
@@ -71,6 +105,7 @@ restic restore 79766175 --target /var/lib/postgresql
 Restic has way more features than the ones presented here.
 You can discover all of them by accessing its documentation from the link below.
 
+Files on Android devices can also be backed up with [restic-android](https://github.com/lhns/restic-android).
 
 *External links:* [Restic Documentation > Amazon S3](https://restic.readthedocs.io/en/stable/030_preparing_a_new_repo.html#amazon-s3)
 

doc/book/connect/cli.md

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ These tools are particularly suitable for debug, backups, website deployments or
 | [AWS CLI](#aws-cli)     | ✅       | Recommended   |
 | [rclone](#rclone)     | ✅       |    |
 | [s3cmd](#s3cmd)     | ✅       |    |
+| [s5cmd](#s5cmd)     | ✅       |    |
 | [(Cyber)duck](#cyberduck)     | ✅       |    |
 | [WinSCP (libs3)](#winscp)     | ✅       | CLI instructions only   |
 | [sftpgo](#sftpgo)     | ✅       |    |
@@ -178,59 +179,34 @@ s3cmd put /tmp/hello.txt s3://my-bucket/
 s3cmd get s3://my-bucket/hello.txt hello.txt
 ```
 
+## `s5cmd`
+
+Configure a credentials file as follows:
+
+```bash
+export AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID=GK...
+export AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=
+export AWS_DEFAULT_REGION='garage'
+export AWS_ENDPOINT='http://localhost:3900'
+```
+
+After adding these environment variables in your shell, `s5cmd` can be used
+with:
+
+```bash
+s5cmd --endpoint-url=$AWS_ENDPOINT ls
+```
+
+See its usage output for other commands available.
+
 ## Cyberduck & duck {#cyberduck}
 
 Both Cyberduck (the GUI) and duck (the CLI) have a concept of "Connection Profiles" that contain some presets for a specific provider.
-We wrote the following connection profile for Garage:
 
-```xml
-<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
-<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
-<plist version="1.0">
-    <dict>
-        <key>Protocol</key>
-        <string>s3</string>
-        <key>Vendor</key>
-        <string>garage</string>
-        <key>Scheme</key>
-        <string>https</string>
-        <key>Description</key>
-        <string>GarageS3</string>
-        <key>Default Hostname</key>
-        <string>127.0.0.1</string>
-        <key>Default Port</key>
-        <string>4443</string>
-        <key>Hostname Configurable</key>
-        <false/>
-        <key>Port Configurable</key>
-        <false/>
-        <key>Username Configurable</key>
-        <true/>
-        <key>Username Placeholder</key>
-        <string>Access Key ID (GK...)</string>
-        <key>Password Placeholder</key>
-        <string>Secret Key</string>
-        <key>Properties</key>
-        <array>
-            <string>s3service.disable-dns-buckets=true</string>
-        </array>
-        <key>Region</key>
-        <string>garage</string>
-        <key>Regions</key>
-        <array>
-            <string>garage</string>
-        </array>
-    </dict>
-</plist>
-```
-
-*Note: If your garage instance is configured with vhost access style, you can remove `s3service.disable-dns-buckets=true`.*
-
-### Instructions for the GUI
-
-Copy the connection profile, and save it anywhere as `garage.cyberduckprofile`.
-Then find this file with your file explorer and double click on it: Cyberduck will open a connection wizard for this profile.
-Simply follow the wizard and you should be done!
+Within Cyberduck, a
+[Garage connection profile](https://docs.cyberduck.io/protocols/s3/garage/) is
+available within the `Preferences -> Profiles` section. This can enabled and
+then connections to Garage may be configured.
 
 ### Instuctions for the CLI
 

doc/book/connect/observability.md

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
++++
+title = "Observability"
+weight = 25
++++
+
+An object store can be used as data storage location for metrics, and logs which
+can then be leveraged for systems observability.
+
+## Metrics
+
+### Prometheus
+
+Prometheus itself has no object store capabilities, however two projects exist
+which support storing metrics in an object store:
+
+ - [Cortex](https://cortexmetrics.io/)
+ - [Thanos](https://thanos.io/)
+
+## System logs
+
+### Vector
+
+[Vector](https://vector.dev/) natively supports S3 as a
+[data sink](https://vector.dev/docs/reference/configuration/sinks/aws_s3/)
+(and [source](https://vector.dev/docs/reference/configuration/sources/aws_s3/)).
+
+This can be configured with Garage with the following:
+
+```bash
+garage key new --name vector-system-logs
+garage bucket create system-logs
+garage bucket allow system-logs --read --write --key vector-system-logs
+```
+
+The `vector.toml` can then be configured as follows:
+
+```toml
+[sources.journald]
+type = "journald"
+current_boot_only = true
+
+[sinks.out]
+encoding.codec = "json"
+type = "aws_s3"
+inputs = [ "journald" ]
+bucket = "system-logs"
+key_prefix = "%F/"
+compression = "none"
+region = "garage"
+endpoint = "https://my-garage-instance.mydomain.tld"
+auth.access_key_id = ""
+auth.secret_access_key = ""
+```
+
+This is an example configuration - please refer to the Vector documentation for
+all configuration and transformation possibilities. Also note that Garage
+performs its own compression, so this should be disabled in Vector.

doc/book/cookbook/_index.md

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 +++
 title="Cookbook"
 template = "documentation.html"
-weight = 2
+weight = 20
 sort_by = "weight"
 +++
 
 A cookbook, when you cook, is a collection of recipes.
-Similarly, Garage's cookbook contains a collection of recipes that are known to works well!
+Similarly, Garage's cookbook contains a collection of recipes that are known to work well!
 This chapter could also be referred as "Tutorials" or "Best practices".
 
 - **[Multi-node deployment](@/documentation/cookbook/real-world.md):** This page will walk you through all of the necessary
@@ -16,6 +16,10 @@ This chapter could also be referred as "Tutorials" or "Best practices".
   source in case a binary is not provided for your architecture, or if you want to
   hack with us!
 
+- **[Binary packages](@/documentation/cookbook/binary-packages.md):** This page
+  lists the different platforms that provide ready-built software packages for
+  Garage.
+
 - **[Integration with Systemd](@/documentation/cookbook/systemd.md):** This page explains how to run Garage
   as a Systemd service (instead of as a Docker container).
 
@@ -26,6 +30,10 @@ This chapter could also be referred as "Tutorials" or "Best practices".
 
 - **[Configuring a reverse-proxy](@/documentation/cookbook/reverse-proxy.md):** This page explains how to configure a reverse-proxy to add TLS support to your S3 api endpoint.
 
-- **[Recovering from failures](@/documentation/cookbook/recovering.md):** Garage's first selling point is resilience
-  to hardware failures. This section explains how to recover from such a failure in the
-  best possible way.
+- **[Deploying on Kubernetes](@/documentation/cookbook/kubernetes.md):** This page explains how to deploy Garage on Kubernetes using our Helm chart.
+
+- **[Deploying with Ansible](@/documentation/cookbook/ansible.md):** This page lists available Ansible roles developed by the community to deploy Garage.
+
+- **[Monitoring Garage](@/documentation/cookbook/monitoring.md)** This page
+  explains the Prometheus metrics available for monitoring the Garage
+  cluster/nodes.

doc/book/cookbook/ansible.md

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
++++
+title = "Deploying with Ansible"
+weight = 35
++++
+
+While Ansible is not officially supported to deploy Garage, several community members
+have published Ansible roles.  We list them and compare them below.
+
+## Comparison of Ansible roles
+
+| Feature                            | [ansible-role-garage](#zorun-ansible-role-garage) | [garage-docker-ansible-deploy](#moan0s-garage-docker-ansible-deploy) |
+|------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------|
+| **Runtime**                        | Systemd                                     | Docker                                                        |
+| **Target OS**                      | Any Linux                                   | Any Linux                                                     |
+| **Architecture**                   | amd64, arm64, i686                          | amd64, arm64                                                  |
+| **Additional software**            | None                                        | Traefik                                                       |
+| **Automatic node connection**      | ❌                                          | ✅                                                            |
+| **Layout management**              | ❌                                          | ✅                                                            |
+| **Manage buckets & keys**          | ❌                                          | ✅ (basic)                                                    |
+| **Allow custom Garage config**     | ✅                                          | ❌                                                            |
+| **Facilitate Garage upgrades**     | ✅                                          | ❌                                                            |
+| **Multiple instances on one host** | ✅                                          | ✅                                                            |
+
+
+## zorun/ansible-role-garage
+
+[Source code](https://github.com/zorun/ansible-role-garage), [Ansible galaxy](https://galaxy.ansible.com/zorun/garage)
+
+This role is voluntarily simple: it relies on the official Garage static
+binaries and only requires Systemd.  As such, it should work on any
+Linux-based OS.
+
+To make things more flexible, the user has to provide a Garage
+configuration template.  This allows to customize Garage configuration in
+any way.
+
+Some more features might be added, such as a way to automatically connect
+nodes to each other or to define a layout.
+
+## moan0s/garage-docker-ansible-deploy
+
+[Source code](https://github.com/moan0s/garage-docker-ansible-deploy), [Blog post](https://hyteck.de/post/garage/)
+
+This role is based on the Docker image for Garage, and comes with
+"batteries included": it will additionally install Docker and Traefik. In
+addition, it is "opinionated" in the sense that it expects a particular
+deployment structure (one instance per disk, one gateway per host,
+structured DNS names, etc).
+
+As a result, this role makes it easier to start with Garage on Ansible,
+but is less flexible.

doc/book/cookbook/binary-packages.md

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
++++
+title = "Binary packages"
+weight = 11
++++
+
+Garage is also available in binary packages on:
+
+## Alpine Linux
+
+If you use Alpine Linux, you can simply install the
+[garage](https://pkgs.alpinelinux.org/packages?name=garage) package from the
+Alpine Linux repositories (available since v3.17):
+
+```bash
+apk add garage
+```
+
+The default configuration file is installed to `/etc/garage.toml`. You can run
+Garage using: `rc-service garage start`. If you don't specify `rpc_secret`, it
+will be automatically replaced with a random string on the first start.
+
+Please note that this package is built without Consul discovery, Kubernetes
+discovery, OpenTelemetry exporter, and K2V features (K2V will be enabled once
+it's stable).
+
+
+## Arch Linux
+
+Garage is available in the [AUR](https://aur.archlinux.org/packages/garage).
+
+## FreeBSD
+
+```bash
+pkg install garage
+```
+
+## NixOS
+
+```bash
+nix-shell -p garage
+```

doc/book/cookbook/encryption.md

@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
++++
+title = "Encryption"
+weight = 50
++++
+
+Encryption is a recurring subject when discussing Garage. 
+Garage does not handle data encryption by itself, but many things can
+already be done with Garage's current feature set and the existing ecosystem.
+
+This page takes a high level approach to security in general and data encryption
+in particular.
+
+
+# Examining your need for encryption
+
+- Why do you want encryption in Garage?
+
+- What is your threat model? What are you fearing?
+  - A stolen HDD?
+  - A curious administrator?
+  - A malicious administrator?
+  - A remote attacker?
+  - etc.
+
+- What services do you want to protect with encryption?
+  - An existing application? Which one? (eg. Nextcloud)
+  - An application that you are writing
+
+- Any expertise you may have on the subject
+
+This page explains what Garage provides, and how you can improve the situation by yourself
+by adding encryption at different levels.
+
+We would be very curious to know your needs and thougs about ideas such as
+encryption practices and things like key management, as we want Garage to be a
+serious base platform for the developpment of secure, encrypted applications.
+Do not hesitate to come talk to us if you have any thoughts or questions on the
+subject.
+
+
+# Capabilities provided by Garage
+
+## Traffic is encrypted between Garage nodes
+
+RPCs between Garage nodes are encrypted. More specifically, contrary to many
+distributed software, it is impossible in Garage to have clear-text RPC.  We
+use the [kuska handshake](https://github.com/Kuska-ssb/handshake) library which
+implements a protocol that has been clearly reviewed, Secure ScuttleButt's
+Secret Handshake protocol.  This is why setting a `rpc_secret` is mandatory,
+and that's also why your nodes have super long identifiers.
+
+## HTTP API endpoints provided by Garage are in clear text
+
+Adding TLS support built into Garage is not currently planned.
+
+## Garage stores data in plain text on the filesystem
+
+Garage does not handle data encryption at rest by itself, and instead delegates
+to the user to add encryption, either at the storage layer (LUKS, etc) or on
+the client side (or both). There are no current plans to add data encryption
+directly in Garage.
+
+Implementing data encryption directly in Garage might make things simpler for
+end users, but also raises many more questions, especially around key
+management: for encryption of data, where could Garage get the encryption keys
+from ? If we encrypt data but keep the keys in a plaintext file next to them,
+it's useless. We probably don't want to have to manage secrets in garage as it
+would be very hard to do in a secure way. Maybe integrate with an external
+system such as Hashicorp Vault?
+
+
+# Adding data encryption using external tools
+
+## Encrypting traffic between a Garage node and your client
+
+You have multiple options to have encryption between your client and a node:
+
+  - Setup a reverse proxy with TLS / ACME / Let's encrypt
+  - Setup a Garage gateway locally, and only contact the garage daemon on `localhost`
+  - Only contact your Garage daemon over a secure, encrypted overlay network such as Wireguard
+
+## Encrypting data at rest
+
+Protects against the following threats:
+
+- Stolen HDD
+
+Crucially, does not protect againt malicious sysadmins or remote attackers that
+might gain access to your servers.
+
+Methods include full-disk encryption with tools such as LUKS.
+
+## Encrypting data on the client side
+
+Protects againt the following threats:
+
+- A honest-but-curious administrator
+- A malicious administrator that tries to corrupt your data
+- A remote attacker that can read your server's data
+
+Implementations are very specific to the various applications. Examples:
+
+- Matrix: uses the OLM protocol for E2EE of user messages. Media files stored
+  in Matrix are probably encrypted using symmetric encryption, with a key that is
+  distributed in the end-to-end encrypted message that contains the link to the object.
+
+- XMPP: clients normally support either OMEMO / OpenPGP for the E2EE of user
+  messages. Media files are encrypted per
+  [XEP-0454](https://xmpp.org/extensions/xep-0454.html).
+
+- Aerogramme: use the user's password as a key to decrypt data in the user's bucket
+
+- Cyberduck: comes with support for
+  [Cryptomator](https://docs.cyberduck.io/cryptomator/) which allows users to
+  create client-side vaults to encrypt files in before they are uploaded to a
+  cloud storage endpoint.

doc/book/cookbook/gateways.md

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ You can configure Garage as a gateway on all nodes that will consume your S3 API
 The instructions are similar to a regular node, the only option that is different is while configuring the node, you must set the `--gateway` parameter:
 
 ```bash
-garage layout assign --gateway --tag gw1 <node_id>
+garage layout assign --gateway --tag gw1 -z dc1 <node_id>
 garage layout show    # review the changes you are making
 garage layout apply   # once satisfied, apply the changes
 ```

doc/book/cookbook/kubernetes.md

@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ garage:
   replicationMode: "2"
 
 # Start 4 instances (StatefulSets) of garage
-replicaCount: 4
+deployment:
+  replicaCount: 4
 
 # Override default storage class and size
 persistence:

doc/book/cookbook/monitoring.md

@@ -49,258 +49,5 @@ add the following lines in your Prometheus scrape config:
 To visualize the scraped data in Grafana,
 you can either import our [Grafana dashboard for Garage](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/raw/branch/main/script/telemetry/grafana-garage-dashboard-prometheus.json)
 or make your own.
-We detail below the list of exposed metrics and their meaning.
-
-
-
-## List of exported metrics
-
-
-### Metrics of the API endpoints
-
-#### `api_admin_request_counter` (counter)
-
-Counts the number of requests to a given endpoint of the administration API. Example:
-
-```
-api_admin_request_counter{api_endpoint="Metrics"} 127041
-```
-
-#### `api_admin_request_duration` (histogram)
-
-Evaluates the duration of API calls to the various administration API endpoint. Example:
-
-```
-api_admin_request_duration_bucket{api_endpoint="Metrics",le="0.5"} 127041
-api_admin_request_duration_sum{api_endpoint="Metrics"} 605.250344830999
-api_admin_request_duration_count{api_endpoint="Metrics"} 127041
-```
-
-#### `api_s3_request_counter` (counter)
-
-Counts the number of requests to a given endpoint of the S3 API. Example:
-
-```
-api_s3_request_counter{api_endpoint="CreateMultipartUpload"} 1
-```
-
-#### `api_s3_error_counter` (counter)
-
-Counts the number of requests to a given endpoint of the S3 API that returned an error. Example:
-
-```
-api_s3_error_counter{api_endpoint="GetObject",status_code="404"} 39
-```
-
-#### `api_s3_request_duration` (histogram)
-
-Evaluates the duration of API calls to the various S3 API endpoints. Example:
-
-```
-api_s3_request_duration_bucket{api_endpoint="CreateMultipartUpload",le="0.5"} 1
-api_s3_request_duration_sum{api_endpoint="CreateMultipartUpload"} 0.046340762
-api_s3_request_duration_count{api_endpoint="CreateMultipartUpload"} 1
-```
-
-#### `api_k2v_request_counter` (counter), `api_k2v_error_counter` (counter), `api_k2v_error_duration` (histogram)
-
-Same as for S3, for the K2V API.
-
-
-### Metrics of the Web endpoint
-
-
-#### `web_request_counter` (counter)
-
-Number of requests to the web endpoint
-
-```
-web_request_counter{method="GET"} 80
-```
-
-#### `web_request_duration` (histogram)
-
-Duration of requests to the web endpoint
-
-```
-web_request_duration_bucket{method="GET",le="0.5"} 80
-web_request_duration_sum{method="GET"} 1.0528433229999998
-web_request_duration_count{method="GET"} 80
-```
-
-#### `web_error_counter` (counter)
-
-Number of requests to the web endpoint resulting in errors
-
-```
-web_error_counter{method="GET",status_code="404 Not Found"} 64
-```
-
-
-### Metrics of the data block manager
-
-#### `block_bytes_read`, `block_bytes_written` (counter)
-
-Number of bytes read/written to/from disk in the data storage directory.
-
-```
-block_bytes_read 120586322022
-block_bytes_written 3386618077
-```
-
-#### `block_read_duration`, `block_write_duration` (histograms)
-
-Evaluates the duration of the reading/writing of individual data blocks in the data storage directory.
-
-```
-block_read_duration_bucket{le="0.5"} 169229
-block_read_duration_sum 2761.6902550310056
-block_read_duration_count 169240
-block_write_duration_bucket{le="0.5"} 3559
-block_write_duration_sum 195.59170078500006
-block_write_duration_count 3571
-```
-
-#### `block_delete_counter` (counter)
-
-Counts the number of data blocks that have been deleted from storage.
-
-```
-block_delete_counter 122
-```
-
-#### `block_resync_counter` (counter), `block_resync_duration` (histogram)
-
-Counts the number of resync operations the node has executed, and evaluates their duration.
-
-```
-block_resync_counter 308897
-block_resync_duration_bucket{le="0.5"} 308892
-block_resync_duration_sum 139.64204196100016
-block_resync_duration_count 308897
-```
-
-#### `block_resync_queue_length` (gauge)
-
-The number of block hashes currently queued for a resync.
-This is normal to be nonzero for long periods of time.
-
-```
-block_resync_queue_length 0
-```
-
-#### `block_resync_errored_blocks` (gauge)
-
-The number of block hashes that we were unable to resync last time we tried.
-**THIS SHOULD BE ZERO, OR FALL BACK TO ZERO RAPIDLY, IN A HEALTHY CLUSTER.**
-Persistent nonzero values indicate that some data is likely to be lost.
-
-```
-block_resync_errored_blocks 0
-```
-
-
-### Metrics related to RPCs (remote procedure calls) between nodes
-
-#### `rpc_netapp_request_counter` (counter)
-
-Number of RPC requests emitted
-
-```
-rpc_request_counter{from="<this node>",rpc_endpoint="garage_block/manager.rs/Rpc",to="<remote node>"} 176
-```
-
-#### `rpc_netapp_error_counter` (counter)
-
-Number of communication errors (errors in the Netapp library, generally due to disconnected nodes)
-
-```
-rpc_netapp_error_counter{from="<this node>",rpc_endpoint="garage_block/manager.rs/Rpc",to="<remote node>"} 354
-```
-
-#### `rpc_timeout_counter` (counter)
-
-Number of RPC timeouts, should be close to zero in a healthy cluster.
-
-```
-rpc_timeout_counter{from="<this node>",rpc_endpoint="garage_rpc/membership.rs/SystemRpc",to="<remote node>"} 1
-```
-
-#### `rpc_duration` (histogram)
-
-The duration of internal RPC calls between Garage nodes.
-
-```
-rpc_duration_bucket{from="<this node>",rpc_endpoint="garage_block/manager.rs/Rpc",to="<remote node>",le="0.5"} 166
-rpc_duration_sum{from="<this node>",rpc_endpoint="garage_block/manager.rs/Rpc",to="<remote node>"} 35.172253716
-rpc_duration_count{from="<this node>",rpc_endpoint="garage_block/manager.rs/Rpc",to="<remote node>"} 174
-```
-
-
-### Metrics of the metadata table manager
-
-#### `table_gc_todo_queue_length` (gauge)
-
-Table garbage collector TODO queue length
-
-```
-table_gc_todo_queue_length{table_name="block_ref"} 0
-```
-
-#### `table_get_request_counter` (counter), `table_get_request_duration` (histogram)
-
-Number of get/get_range requests internally made on each table, and their duration.
-
-```
-table_get_request_counter{table_name="bucket_alias"} 315
-table_get_request_duration_bucket{table_name="bucket_alias",le="0.5"} 315
-table_get_request_duration_sum{table_name="bucket_alias"} 0.048509778000000024
-table_get_request_duration_count{table_name="bucket_alias"} 315
-```
-
-
-#### `table_put_request_counter` (counter), `table_put_request_duration` (histogram)
-
-Number of insert/insert_many requests internally made on this table, and their duration
-
-```
-table_put_request_counter{table_name="block_ref"} 677
-table_put_request_duration_bucket{table_name="block_ref",le="0.5"} 677
-table_put_request_duration_sum{table_name="block_ref"} 61.617528636
-table_put_request_duration_count{table_name="block_ref"} 677
-```
-
-#### `table_internal_delete_counter` (counter)
-
-Number of value deletions in the tree (due to GC or repartitioning)
-
-```
-table_internal_delete_counter{table_name="block_ref"} 2296
-```
-
-#### `table_internal_update_counter` (counter)
-
-Number of value updates where the value actually changes (includes creation of new key and update of existing key)
-
-```
-table_internal_update_counter{table_name="block_ref"} 5996
-```
-
-#### `table_merkle_updater_todo_queue_length` (gauge)
-
-Merkle tree updater TODO queue length (should fall to zero rapidly)
-
-```
-table_merkle_updater_todo_queue_length{table_name="block_ref"} 0
-```
-
-#### `table_sync_items_received`, `table_sync_items_sent` (counters)
-
-Number of data items sent to/recieved from other nodes during resync procedures
-
-```
-table_sync_items_received{from="<remote node>",table_name="bucket_v2"} 3
-table_sync_items_sent{table_name="block_ref",to="<remote node>"} 2
-```
-
 
+The list of exported metrics is available on our [dedicated page](@/documentation/reference-manual/monitoring.md) in the Reference manual section.

doc/book/cookbook/real-world.md

@@ -19,8 +19,12 @@ To run a real-world deployment, make sure the following conditions are met:
 
 - You have at least three machines with sufficient storage space available.
 
-- Each machine has a public IP address which is reachable by other machines.
-  Running behind a NAT is likely to be possible but hasn't been tested for the latest version (TODO).
+- Each machine has a public IP address which is reachable by other machines. It
+  is highly recommended that you use IPv6 for this end-to-end connectivity. If
+  IPv6 is not available, then using a mesh VPN such as
+  [Nebula](https://github.com/slackhq/nebula) or
+  [Yggdrasil](https://yggdrasil-network.github.io/) are approaches to consider
+  in addition to building out your own VPN tunneling.
 
 - This guide will assume you are using Docker containers to deploy Garage on each node. 
   Garage can also be run independently, for instance as a [Systemd service](@/documentation/cookbook/systemd.md).
@@ -193,6 +197,12 @@ The `garage` binary has two purposes:
 Ensure an appropriate `garage` binary (the same version as your Docker image) is available in your path.
 If your configuration file is at `/etc/garage.toml`, the `garage` binary should work with no further change.
 
+You can also use an alias as follows to use the Garage binary inside your docker container:
+
+```bash
+alias garage="docker exec -ti <container name> /garage"
+```
+
 You can test your `garage` CLI utility by running a simple command such as:
 
 ```bash
@@ -335,7 +345,7 @@ garage layout apply
 ```
 
 **WARNING:** if you want to use the layout modification commands in a script,
-make sure to read [this page](@/documentation/reference-manual/layout.md) first.
+make sure to read [this page](@/documentation/operations/layout.md) first.
 
 
 ## Using your Garage cluster
@@ -345,5 +355,5 @@ and is covered in the [quick start guide](@/documentation/quick-start/_index.md)
 Remember also that the CLI is self-documented thanks to the `--help` flag and
 the `help` subcommand (e.g. `garage help`, `garage key --help`).
 
-Configuring S3-compatible applicatiosn to interact with Garage
+Configuring S3-compatible applications to interact with Garage
 is covered in the [Integrations](@/documentation/connect/_index.md) section.

doc/book/cookbook/reverse-proxy.md

@@ -168,40 +168,65 @@ Here is [a basic configuration file](https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/https/acme/#
 
 ### Add Garage service
 
-To add Garage on Traefik you should declare a new service using its IP address (or hostname) and port:
+To add Garage on Traefik you should declare two new services using its IP
+address (or hostname) and port, these are used for the S3, and web components
+of Garage:
 
 ```toml
 [http.services]
-  [http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer]
-    [[http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer.servers]]
+  [http.services.garage-s3-service.loadBalancer]
+    [[http.services.garage-s3-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
       url = "http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"
       port = 3900
+
+  [http.services.garage-web-service.loadBalancer]
+    [[http.services.garage-web-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
+      url = "http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"
+      port = 3902
 ```
 
 It's possible to declare multiple Garage servers as back-ends:
 
 ```toml
 [http.services]
-    [[http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer.servers]]
+    [[http.services.garage-s3-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
       url = "http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"
       port = 3900
-    [[http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer.servers]]
+    [[http.services.garage-s3-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
       url = "http://yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy"
       port = 3900
-    [[http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer.servers]]
+    [[http.services.garage-s3-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
       url = "http://zzz.zzz.zzz.zzz"
       port = 3900
+
+    [[http.services.garage-web-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
+      url = "http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"
+      port = 3902
+    [[http.services.garage-web-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
+      url = "http://yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy"
+      port = 3902
+    [[http.services.garage-web-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
+      url = "http://zzz.zzz.zzz.zzz"
+      port = 3902
 ```
 
 Traefik can remove unhealthy servers automatically with [a health check configuration](https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/routing/services/#health-check):
 
 ```
 [http.services]
-  [http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer]
-    [http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer.healthCheck]
-      path = "/"
-      interval = "60s"
-      timeout = "5s"
+  [http.services.garage-s3-service.loadBalancer]
+    [http.services.garage-s3-service.loadBalancer.healthCheck]
+      path = "/health"
+      port = "3903"
+      #interval = "15s"
+      #timeout = "2s"
+
+  [http.services.garage-web-service.loadBalancer]
+    [http.services.garage-web-service.loadBalancer.healthCheck]
+      path = "/health"
+      port = "3903"
+      #interval = "15s"
+      #timeout = "2s"
 ```
 
 ### Adding a website
@@ -210,10 +235,15 @@ To add a new website, add the following declaration to your Traefik configuratio
 
 ```toml
 [http.routers]
+  [http.routers.garage-s3]
+    rule = "Host(`s3.example.org`)"
+    service = "garage-s3-service"
+    entryPoints = ["websecure"]
+
   [http.routers.my_website]
     rule = "Host(`yoururl.example.org`)"
-    service = "my_garage_service"
-    entryPoints = ["web"]
+    service = "garage-web-service"
+    entryPoints = ["websecure"]
 ```
 
 Enable HTTPS access to your website with the following configuration section ([documentation](https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/https/overview/)):
@@ -226,7 +256,7 @@ Enable HTTPS access to your website with the following configuration section ([d
 ...
 ```
 
-### Adding gzip compression
+### Adding compression
 
 Add the following configuration section [to compress response](https://doc.traefik.io/traefik/middlewares/http/compress/) using [gzip](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Glossary/GZip_compression) before sending them to the client:
 
@@ -234,10 +264,10 @@ Add the following configuration section [to compress response](https://doc.traef
 [http.routers]
   [http.routers.my_website]
     ...
-    middlewares = ["gzip_compress"]
+    middlewares = ["compression"]
     ...
 [http.middlewares]
-  [http.middlewares.gzip_compress.compress]
+  [http.middlewares.compression.compress]
 ```
 
 ### Add caching response
@@ -262,27 +292,54 @@ Traefik's caching middleware is only available on [entreprise version](https://d
     entryPoint = "web"
 
 [http.routers]
+  [http.routers.garage-s3]
+    rule = "Host(`s3.example.org`)"
+    service = "garage-s3-service"
+    entryPoints = ["websecure"]
+
   [http.routers.my_website]
     rule = "Host(`yoururl.example.org`)"
-    service = "my_garage_service"
-    middlewares = ["gzip_compress"]
+    service = "garage-web-service"
+    middlewares = ["compression"]
     entryPoints = ["websecure"]
 
 [http.services]
-  [http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer]
-    [http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer.healthCheck]
-      path = "/"
-      interval = "60s"
-      timeout = "5s"
-    [[http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer.servers]]
+  [http.services.garage-s3-service.loadBalancer]
+    [http.services.garage-s3-service.loadBalancer.healthCheck]
+      path = "/health"
+      port = "3903"
+      #interval = "15s"
+      #timeout = "2s"
+
+  [http.services.garage-web-service.loadBalancer]
+    [http.services.garage-web-service.loadBalancer.healthCheck]
+      path = "/health"
+      port = "3903"
+      #interval = "15s"
+      #timeout = "2s"
+
+    [[http.services.garage-s3-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
       url = "http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"
-    [[http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer.servers]]
+      port = 3900
+    [[http.services.garage-s3-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
       url = "http://yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy"
-    [[http.services.my_garage_service.loadBalancer.servers]]
+      port = 3900
+    [[http.services.garage-s3-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
       url = "http://zzz.zzz.zzz.zzz"
+      port = 3900
+
+    [[http.services.garage-web-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
+      url = "http://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx"
+      port = 3902
+    [[http.services.garage-web-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
+      url = "http://yyy.yyy.yyy.yyy"
+      port = 3902
+    [[http.services.garage-web-service.loadBalancer.servers]]
+      url = "http://zzz.zzz.zzz.zzz"
+      port = 3902
 
 [http.middlewares]
-  [http.middlewares.gzip_compress.compress]
+  [http.middlewares.compression.compress]
 ```
 
 ## Caddy
@@ -291,18 +348,127 @@ Your Caddy configuration can be as simple as:
 
 ```caddy
 s3.garage.tld, *.s3.garage.tld {
-	reverse_proxy localhost:3900 192.168.1.2:3900 example.tld:3900
+	reverse_proxy localhost:3900 192.168.1.2:3900 example.tld:3900 {
+        health_uri       /health
+        health_port      3903
+        #health_interval 15s
+        #health_timeout  5s
+    }
 }
 
 *.web.garage.tld {
-	reverse_proxy localhost:3902 192.168.1.2:3900 example.tld:3900
+	reverse_proxy localhost:3902 192.168.1.2:3902 example.tld:3902 {
+        health_uri       /health
+        health_port      3903
+        #health_interval 15s
+        #health_timeout  5s
+    }
 }
 
 admin.garage.tld {
-	reverse_proxy localhost:3903
+	reverse_proxy localhost:3903 {
+        health_uri       /health
+        health_port      3903
+        #health_interval 15s
+        #health_timeout  5s
+    }
 }
 ```
 
 But at the same time, the `reverse_proxy` is very flexible.
 For a production deployment, you should [read its documentation](https://caddyserver.com/docs/caddyfile/directives/reverse_proxy) as it supports features like DNS discovery of upstreams, load balancing with checks, streaming parameters, etc.
 
+### Caching
+
+Caddy can compiled with a
+[cache plugin](https://github.com/caddyserver/cache-handler) which can be used
+to provide a hot-cache at the webserver-level for static websites hosted by
+Garage.
+
+This can be configured as follows:
+
+```caddy
+# Caddy global configuration section
+{
+	# Bare minimum configuration to enable cache.
+	order cache before rewrite
+
+	cache
+
+	#cache
+	#	allowed_http_verbs GET
+	#	default_cache_control public
+	#	ttl 8h
+	#}
+}
+
+# Site specific section
+https:// {
+	cache
+
+	#cache {
+	#	timeout {
+	#		backend 30s
+	#	}
+	#}
+
+	reverse_proxy ...
+}
+```
+
+Caching is a complicated subject, and the reader is encouraged to study the
+available options provided by the plugin.
+
+### On-demand TLS
+
+Caddy supports a technique called
+[on-demand TLS](https://caddyserver.com/docs/automatic-https#on-demand-tls), by
+which one can configure the webserver to provision TLS certificates when a
+client first connects to it.
+
+In order to prevent an attack vector whereby domains are simply pointed at your
+webserver and certificates are requested for them - Caddy can be configured to
+ask Garage if a domain is authorized for web hosting, before it then requests
+a TLS certificate.
+
+This 'check' endpoint, which is on the admin port (3903 by default), can be
+configured in Caddy's global section as follows:
+
+```caddy
+{
+	...
+	on_demand_tls {
+		ask http://localhost:3903/check
+		interval 2m
+		burst 5
+	}
+	...
+}
+```
+
+The host section can then be configured with (note that this uses the web
+endpoint instead):
+
+```caddy
+# For a specific set of subdomains
+*.web.garage.tld {
+	tls {
+		on_demand
+	}
+
+	reverse_proxy localhost:3902 192.168.1.2:3902 example.tld:3902
+}
+
+# Accept all domains on HTTPS
+# Never configure this without global section above
+https:// {
+	tls {
+		on_demand
+	}
+
+	reverse_proxy localhost:3902 192.168.1.2:3902 example.tld:3902
+}
+```
+
+More information on how this endpoint is implemented in Garage is available
+in the [Admin API Reference](@/documentation/reference-manual/admin-api.md) page.

doc/book/cookbook/systemd.md

@@ -33,7 +33,20 @@ NoNewPrivileges=true
 WantedBy=multi-user.target
 ```
 
-*A note on hardening: garage will be run as a non privileged user, its user id is dynamically allocated by systemd. It cannot access (read or write) home folders (/home, /root and /run/user), the rest of the filesystem can only be read but not written, only the path seen as /var/lib/garage is writable as seen by the service (mapped to /var/lib/private/garage on your host). Additionnaly, the process can not gain new privileges over time.*
+**A note on hardening:** Garage will be run as a non privileged user, its user
+id is dynamically allocated by systemd (set with `DynamicUser=true`). It cannot
+access (read or write) home folders (`/home`, `/root` and `/run/user`), the
+rest of the filesystem can only be read but not written, only the path seen as
+`/var/lib/garage` is writable as seen by the service. Additionnaly, the process
+can not gain new privileges over time.
+
+For this to work correctly, your `garage.toml` must be set with
+`metadata_dir=/var/lib/garage/meta` and `data_dir=/var/lib/garage/data`. This
+is mandatory to use the DynamicUser hardening feature of systemd, which
+autocreates these directories as virtual mapping. If the directory
+`/var/lib/garage` already exists before starting the server for the first time,
+the systemd service might not start correctly.  Note that in your host
+filesystem, Garage data will be held in `/var/lib/private/garage`.
 
 To start the service then automatically enable it at boot:
 

doc/book/cookbook/upgrading.md

@@ -1,50 +0,0 @@
-+++
-title = "Upgrading Garage"
-weight = 60
-+++
-
-Garage is a stateful clustered application, where all nodes are communicating together and share data structures.
-It makes upgrade more difficult than stateless applications so you must be more careful when upgrading.
-On a new version release, there is 2 possibilities:
-  - protocols and data structures remained the same ➡️ this is a **straightforward upgrade**
-  - protocols or data structures changed  ➡️  this is an **advanced upgrade**
-
-You can quickly now what type of update you will have to operate by looking at the version identifier.
-Following the [SemVer ](https://semver.org/) terminology, if only the *patch* number changed, it will only need a straightforward upgrade.
-Example: an upgrade from v0.6.0 from v0.6.1 is a straightforward upgrade.
-If the *minor* or *major* number changed however, you will have to do an advanced upgrade. Example: from v0.6.1 to v0.7.0.
-
-Migrations are designed to be run only between contiguous versions (from a *major*.*minor* perspective, *patches* can be skipped).
-Example: migrations from v0.6.1 to v0.7.0 and from v0.6.0 to v0.7.0 are supported but migrations from v0.5.0 to v0.7.0 are not supported.
-
-## Straightforward upgrades
-
-Straightforward upgrades do not imply cluster downtime.
-Before upgrading, you should still read [the changelog](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/releases) and ideally test your deployment on a staging cluster before.
-
-When you are ready, start by checking the health of your cluster.
-You can force some checks with `garage repair`, we recommend at least running `garage repair --all-nodes --yes` that is very quick to run (less than a minute).
-You will see that the command correctly terminated in the logs of your daemon.
-
-Finally, you can simply upgrades nodes one by one. 
-For each node: stop it, install the new binary, edit the configuration if needed, restart it. 
-
-## Advanced upgrades
-
-Advanced upgrades will imply cluster downtime.
-Before upgrading, you must read [the changelog](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/releases) and you must test your deployment on a staging cluster before.
-
-From a high level perspective, an advanced upgrade looks like this:
-  1. Make sure the health of your cluster is good (see `garage repair`)
-  2. Disable API access (comment the configuration in your reverse proxy)
-  3. Check that your cluster is idle
-  4. Stop the whole cluster
-  5. Backup the metadata folder of all your nodes, so that you will be able to restore it quickly if the upgrade fails (blocks being immutable, they should not be impacted)
-  6. Install the new binary, update the configuration
-  7. Start the whole cluster
-  8. If needed, run the corresponding migration from `garage migrate`
-  9. Make sure the health of your cluster is good
-  10. Enable API access (uncomment the configuration in your reverse proxy)
-  11. Monitor your cluster while load comes back, check that all your applications are happy with this new version
-
-We write guides for each advanced upgrade, they are stored under the "Working Documents" section of this documentation.

doc/book/design/_index.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
 title = "Design"
-weight = 6
+weight = 70
 sort_by = "weight"
 template = "documentation.html"
 +++
@@ -20,12 +20,16 @@ and could not do, etc.
 
 We love to talk and hear about Garage, that's why we keep a log here:
 
+  - [(en, 2023-01-18) Presentation of Garage with some details on CRDTs and data partitioning among nodes](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/src/commit/4cff37397f626ef063dad29e5b5e97ab1206015d/doc/talks/2023-01-18-tocatta/talk.pdf)
+
+  - [(fr, 2022-11-19) De l'auto-hébergement à l'entre-hébergement : Garage, pour conserver ses données ensemble](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/src/commit/4cff37397f626ef063dad29e5b5e97ab1206015d/doc/talks/2022-11-19-Capitole-du-Libre/pr%C3%A9sentation.pdf)
+
+  - [(en, 2022-06-23) General presentation of Garage](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/src/commit/4cff37397f626ef063dad29e5b5e97ab1206015d/doc/talks/2022-06-23-stack/talk.pdf)
+
   - [(fr, 2021-11-13, video) Garage : Mille et une façons de stocker vos données](https://video.tedomum.net/w/moYKcv198dyMrT8hCS5jz9) and [slides (html)](https://rfid.deuxfleurs.fr/presentations/2021-11-13/garage/) - during [RFID#1](https://rfid.deuxfleurs.fr/programme/2021-11-13/) event
 
-  - [(en, 2021-04-28) Distributed object storage is centralised](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/raw/commit/b1f60579a13d3c5eba7f74b1775c84639ea9b51a/doc/talks/2021-04-28_spirals-team/talk.pdf)
+  - [(en, 2021-04-28) Distributed object storage is centralised](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/src/commit/b1f60579a13d3c5eba7f74b1775c84639ea9b51a/doc/talks/2021-04-28_spirals-team/talk.pdf)
 
-  - [(fr, 2020-12-02) Garage : jouer dans la cour des grands quand on est un hébergeur associatif](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/raw/commit/b1f60579a13d3c5eba7f74b1775c84639ea9b51a/doc/talks/2020-12-02_wide-team/talk.pdf)
-
-*Did you write or talk about Garage? [Open a pull request](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/) to add a link here!*
+  - [(fr, 2020-12-02) Garage : jouer dans la cour des grands quand on est un hébergeur associatif](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/src/commit/b1f60579a13d3c5eba7f74b1775c84639ea9b51a/doc/talks/2020-12-02_wide-team/talk.pdf)
 
 

doc/book/design/goals.md

@@ -42,15 +42,13 @@ locations. They use Garage themselves for the following tasks:
 
 - As a [Matrix media backend](https://github.com/matrix-org/synapse-s3-storage-provider)
 
-- To store personal data and shared documents through [Bagage](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/bagage), a homegrown WebDav-to-S3 proxy
+- As a Nix binary cache
+
+- To store personal data and shared documents through [Bagage](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/bagage), a homegrown WebDav-to-S3 and SFTP-to-S3 proxy
+
+- As a backup target using `rclone` and `restic`
 
 - In the Drone continuous integration platform to store task logs
 
-- As a Nix binary cache
-
-- As a backup target using `rclone`
-
 The Deuxfleurs Garage cluster is a multi-site cluster currently composed of
-4 nodes in 2 physical locations. In the future it will be expanded to at
-least 3 physical locations to fully exploit Garage's potential for high
-availability.
+9 nodes in 3 physical locations.

doc/book/design/internals.md

@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ Garage prioritizes which nodes to query according to a few criteria:
 
 
 For further reading on the cluster structure look at the [gateway](@/documentation/cookbook/gateways.md) 
-and [cluster layout management](@/documentation/reference-manual/layout.md) pages.
+and [cluster layout management](@/documentation/operations/layout.md) pages.
 
 ## Garbage collection
 

doc/book/design/related-work.md

@@ -72,8 +72,7 @@ We considered there v2's design but concluded that it does not fit both our *Sel
 **[Riak CS](https://docs.riak.com/riak/cs/2.1.1/index.html):**
 *Not written yet*
 
-**[IPFS](https://ipfs.io/):**
-*Not written yet*
+**[IPFS](https://ipfs.io/):** IPFS has design goals radically different from Garage, we have [a blog post](@/blog/2022-ipfs/index.md) talking about it.
 
 ## Specific research papers
 

doc/book/development/_index.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
 title = "Development"
-weight = 7
+weight = 80
 sort_by = "weight"
 template = "documentation.html"
 +++

doc/book/development/devenv.md

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ git clone https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage
 cd garage
 ```
 
-*Optionnaly, you can use our nix.conf file to speed up compilations:*
+*Optionally, you can use our nix.conf file to speed up compilations:*
 
 ```bash
 sudo mkdir -p /etc/nix
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ Now you can enter our nix-shell, all the required packages will be downloaded bu
 nix-shell
 ```
 
-You can use the traditionnal Rust development workflow:
+You can use the traditional Rust development workflow:
 
 ```bash
 cargo build  # compile the project

doc/book/development/release-process.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ We define them as our release process.
 While we run some tests on every commits, we do not make a release for all of them.
 
 A release can be triggered manually by "promoting" a successful build.
-Otherwise, every weeks, a release build is triggered on the `main` branch.
+Otherwise, every night, a release build is triggered on the `main` branch.
 
 If the build is from a tag following the regex: `v[0-9]+\.[0-9]+\.[0-9]+`, it will be listed as stable.
 If it is a tag but with a different format, it will be listed as Extra.

doc/book/operations/_index.md

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
++++
+title = "Operations & Maintenance"
+weight = 50
+sort_by = "weight"
+template = "documentation.html"
++++
+
+This section contains a number of important information on how to best operate a Garage cluster,
+to ensure integrity and availability of your data:
+
+- **[Upgrading Garage](@/documentation/operations/upgrading.md):** General instructions on how to
+  upgrade your cluster from one version to the next. Instructions specific for each version upgrade
+  can bef ound in the [working documents](@/documentation/working-documents/_index.md) section.
+
+- **[Layout management](@/documentation/operations/layout.md):** Best practices for using the `garage layout`
+  commands when adding or removing nodes from your cluster.
+
+- **[Durability and repairs](@/documentation/operations/durability-repairs.md):** How to check for small things
+  that might be going wrong, and how to recover from such failures.
+
+- **[Recovering from failures](@/documentation/operations/recovering.md):** Garage's first selling point is resilience
+  to hardware failures. This section explains how to recover from such a failure in the
+  best possible way.

doc/book/operations/durability-repairs.md

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
++++
+title = "Durability & Repairs"
+weight = 30
++++
+
+To ensure the best durability of your data and to fix any inconsistencies that may
+pop up in a distributed system, Garage provides a series of repair operations.
+This guide will explain the meaning of each of them and when they should be applied.
+
+
+# General syntax of repair operations
+
+Repair operations described below are of the form `garage repair <repair_name>`.
+These repairs will not launch without the `--yes` flag, which should
+be added as follows: `garage repair --yes <repair_name>`.
+By default these repair procedures will only run on the Garage node your CLI is
+connecting to. To run on all nodes, add the `-a` flag as follows:
+`garage repair -a --yes <repair_name>`.
+
+# Data block operations
+
+## Data store scrub
+
+Scrubbing the data store means examining each individual data block to check that
+their content is correct, by verifying their hash. Any block found to be corrupted
+(e.g. by bitrot or by an accidental manipulation of the datastore) will be
+restored from another node that holds a valid copy.
+
+Scrubs are automatically scheduled by Garage to run every 25-35 days (the
+actual time is randomized to spread load across nodes). The next scheduled run
+can be viewed with `garage worker get`.
+
+A scrub can also be launched manually using `garage repair scrub start`.
+
+To view the status of an ongoing scrub, first find the task ID of the scrub worker
+using `garage worker list`. Then, run `garage worker info <scrub_task_id>` to
+view detailed runtime statistics of the scrub. To gather cluster-wide information,
+this command has to be run on each individual node.
+
+A scrub is a very disk-intensive operation that might slow down your cluster.
+You may pause an ongoing scrub using `garage repair scrub pause`, but note that
+the scrub will resume automatically 24 hours later as Garage will not let your
+cluster run without a regular scrub. If the scrub procedure is too intensive
+for your servers and is slowing down your workload, the recommended solution
+is to increase the "scrub tranquility" using `garage repair scrub set-tranquility`.
+A higher tranquility value will make Garage take longer pauses between two block
+verifications. Of course, scrubbing the entire data store will also take longer.
+
+## Block check and resync
+
+In some cases, nodes hold a reference to a block but do not actually have the block
+stored on disk. Conversely, they may also have on disk blocks that are not referenced
+any more. To fix both cases, a block repair may be run with `garage repair blocks`.
+This will scan the entire block reference counter table to check that the blocks
+exist on disk, and will scan the entire disk store to check that stored blocks
+are referenced.
+
+It is recommended to run this procedure when changing your cluster layout,
+after the metadata tables have finished synchronizing between nodes
+(usually a few hours after `garage layout apply`).
+
+## Inspecting lost blocks
+
+In extremely rare situations, data blocks may be unavailable from the entire cluster.
+This means that even using `garage repair blocks`, some nodes may be unable
+to fetch data blocks for which they hold a reference.
+
+These errors are stored on each node in a list of "block resync errors", i.e.
+blocks for which the last resync operation failed.
+This list can be inspected using `garage block list-errors`.
+These errors usually fall into one of the following categories:
+
+1. a block is still referenced but the object was deleted, this is a case
+   of metadata reference inconsistency (see below for the fix)
+2. a block is referenced by a non-deleted object, but could not be fetched due
+   to a transient error such as a network failure
+3. a block is referenced by a non-deleted object, but could not be fetched due
+   to a permanent error such as there not being any valid copy of the block on the
+   entire cluster
+
+To help make the difference between cases 1 and cases 2 and 3, you may use the
+`garage block info` command to see which objects hold a reference to each block.
+
+In the second case (transient errors), Garage will try to fetch the block again
+after a certain time, so the error should disappear naturally. You can also
+request Garage to try to fetch the block immediately using `garage block retry-now`
+if you have fixed the transient issue.
+
+If you are confident that you are in the third scenario and that your data block
+is definitely lost, then there is no other choice than to declare your S3 objects
+as unrecoverable, and to delete them properly from the data store. This can be done
+using the `garage block purge` command.
+
+
+# Metadata operations
+
+## Metadata table resync
+
+Garage automatically resyncs all entries stored in the metadata tables every hour,
+to ensure that all nodes have the most up-to-date version of all the information
+they should be holding.
+The resync procedure is based on a Merkle tree that allows to efficiently find
+differences between nodes.
+
+In some special cases, e.g. before an upgrade, you might want to run a table
+resync manually. This can be done using `garage repair tables`.
+
+## Metadata table reference fixes
+
+In some very rare cases where nodes are unavailable, some references between objects
+are broken. For instance, if an object is deleted, the underlying versions or data
+blocks may still be held by Garage. If you suspect that such corruption has occurred
+in your cluster, you can run one of the following repair procedures:
+
+- `garage repair versions`: checks that all versions belong to a non-deleted object, and purges any orphan version
+- `garage repair block_refs`: checks that all block references belong to a non-deleted object version, and purges any orphan block reference (this will then allow the blocks to be garbage-collected)
+

doc/book/operations/layout.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
 title = "Cluster layout management"
-weight = 50
+weight = 20
 +++
 
 The cluster layout in Garage is a table that assigns to each node a role in

doc/book/operations/recovering.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
 title = "Recovering from failures"
-weight = 50
+weight = 40
 +++
 
 Garage is meant to work on old, second-hand hardware.

doc/book/operations/upgrading.md

@@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
++++
+title = "Upgrading Garage"
+weight = 10
++++
+
+Garage is a stateful clustered application, where all nodes are communicating together and share data structures.
+It makes upgrade more difficult than stateless applications so you must be more careful when upgrading.
+On a new version release, there is 2 possibilities:
+  - protocols and data structures remained the same ➡️ this is a **minor upgrade**
+  - protocols or data structures changed  ➡️  this is a **major upgrade**
+
+You can quickly now what type of update you will have to operate by looking at the version identifier:
+when we require our users to do a major upgrade, we will always bump the first nonzero component of the version identifier
+(e.g. from v0.7.2 to v0.8.0).
+Conversely, for versions that only require a minor upgrade, the first nonzero component will always stay the same (e.g. from v0.8.0 to v0.8.1).
+
+Major upgrades are designed to be run only between contiguous versions.
+Example: migrations from v0.7.1 to v0.8.0 and from v0.7.0 to v0.8.2 are supported but migrations from v0.6.0 to v0.8.0 are not supported.
+
+The `garage_build_info`
+[Prometheus metric](@/documentation/reference-manual/monitoring.md) provides
+an overview for which Garage versions are currently in use within a cluster.
+
+## Minor upgrades
+
+Minor upgrades do not imply cluster downtime.
+Before upgrading, you should still read [the changelog](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/releases) and ideally test your deployment on a staging cluster before.
+
+When you are ready, start by checking the health of your cluster.
+You can force some checks with `garage repair`, we recommend at least running `garage repair --all-nodes --yes tables` which is very quick to run (less than a minute).
+You will see that the command correctly terminated in the logs of your daemon, or using `garage worker list` (the repair workers should be in the `Done` state).
+
+Finally, you can simply upgrade nodes one by one.
+For each node: stop it, install the new binary, edit the configuration if needed, restart it.
+
+## Major upgrades
+
+Major upgrades can be done with minimal downtime with a bit of preparation, but the simplest way is usually to put the cluster offline for the duration of the migration.
+Before upgrading, you must read [the changelog](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/releases) and you must test your deployment on a staging cluster before.
+
+We write guides for each major upgrade, they are stored under the "Working Documents" section of this documentation.
+
+### Major upgrades with full downtime
+
+From a high level perspective, a major upgrade looks like this:
+
+  1. Disable API access (for instance in your reverse proxy, or by commenting the corresponding section in your Garage configuration file and restarting Garage)
+  2. Check that your cluster is idle
+  3. Make sure the health of your cluster is good (see `garage repair`)
+  4. Stop the whole cluster
+  5. Back up the metadata folder of all your nodes, so that you will be able to restore it if the upgrade fails (data blocks being immutable, they should not be impacted)
+  6. Install the new binary, update the configuration
+  7. Start the whole cluster
+  8. If needed, run the corresponding migration from `garage migrate`
+  9. Make sure the health of your cluster is good
+  10. Enable API access (reverse step 1)
+  11. Monitor your cluster while load comes back, check that all your applications are happy with this new version
+
+### Major upgarades with minimal downtime
+
+There is only one operation that has to be coordinated cluster-wide: the switch of one version of the internal RPC protocol to the next.
+This means that an upgrade with very limited downtime can simply be performed from one major version to the next by restarting all nodes
+simultaneously in the new version.
+The downtime will simply be the time required for all nodes to stop and start again, which should be less than a minute.
+If all nodes fail to stop and restart simultaneously, some nodes might be temporarily shut out from the cluster as nodes using different RPC protocol
+versions are prevented to talk to one another.
+
+The entire procedure would look something like this:
+
+1. Make sure the health of your cluster is good (see `garage repair`)
+
+2. Take each node offline individually to back up its metadata folder, bring them back online once the backup is done.
+  You can do all of the nodes in a single zone at once as that won't impact global cluster availability.
+  Do not try to make a backup of the metadata folder of a running node.
+
+3. Prepare your binaries and configuration files for the new Garage version
+
+4. Restart all nodes simultaneously in the new version
+
+5. If any specific migration procedure is required, it is usually in one of the two cases:
+
+  - It can be run on online nodes after the new version has started, during regular cluster operation.
+  - it has to be run offline
+
+   For this last step, please refer to the specific documentation pertaining to the version upgrade you are doing.

doc/book/quick-start/_index.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
 title = "Quick Start"
-weight = 0
+weight = 10
 sort_by = "weight"
 template = "documentation.html"
 +++
@@ -35,6 +35,9 @@ Place this binary somewhere in your `$PATH` so that you can invoke the `garage`
 command directly (for instance you can copy the binary in `/usr/local/bin`
 or in `~/.local/bin`).
 
+You may also check whether your distribution already includes a
+[binary package for Garage](@/documentation/cookbook/binary-packages.md).
+
 If a binary of the last version is not available for your architecture,
 or if you want a build customized for your system,
 you can [build Garage from source](@/documentation/cookbook/from-source.md).
@@ -290,13 +293,13 @@ sourcing the right file.*
 aws s3 ls
 
 # list objects of a bucket
-aws s3 ls s3://my_files
+aws s3 ls s3://nextcloud-bucket
 
 # copy from your filesystem to garage
-aws s3 cp /proc/cpuinfo s3://my_files/cpuinfo.txt
+aws s3 cp /proc/cpuinfo s3://nextcloud-bucket/cpuinfo.txt
 
 # copy from garage to your filesystem
-aws s3 cp s3/my_files/cpuinfo.txt /tmp/cpuinfo.txt
+aws s3 cp s3://nextcloud-bucket/cpuinfo.txt /tmp/cpuinfo.txt
 ```
 
 Note that you can use `awscli` for more advanced operations like

doc/book/reference-manual/_index.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
 title = "Reference Manual"
-weight = 5
+weight = 60
 sort_by = "weight"
 template = "documentation.html"
 +++

doc/book/reference-manual/admin-api.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
 title = "Administration API"
-weight = 60
+weight = 40
 +++
 
 The Garage administration API is accessible through a dedicated server whose
@@ -39,11 +39,95 @@ Authorization: Bearer <token>
 
 ## Administration API endpoints
 
-### Metrics-related endpoints
-
-#### Metrics `GET /metrics`
+### Metrics `GET /metrics`
 
 Returns internal Garage metrics in Prometheus format.
+The metrics are directly documented when returned by the API.
+
+**Example:**
+
+```
+$ curl -i http://localhost:3903/metrics
+HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+content-type: text/plain; version=0.0.4
+content-length: 12145
+date: Tue, 08 Aug 2023 07:25:05 GMT
+
+# HELP api_admin_error_counter Number of API calls to the various Admin API endpoints that resulted in errors
+# TYPE api_admin_error_counter counter
+api_admin_error_counter{api_endpoint="CheckWebsiteEnabled",status_code="400"} 1
+api_admin_error_counter{api_endpoint="CheckWebsiteEnabled",status_code="404"} 3
+# HELP api_admin_request_counter Number of API calls to the various Admin API endpoints
+# TYPE api_admin_request_counter counter
+api_admin_request_counter{api_endpoint="CheckWebsiteEnabled"} 7
+api_admin_request_counter{api_endpoint="Health"} 3
+# HELP api_admin_request_duration Duration of API calls to the various Admin API endpoints
+...
+```
+
+### Health `GET /health`
+
+Returns `200 OK` if enough nodes are up to have a quorum (ie. serve requests),
+otherwise returns `503 Service Unavailable`.
+
+**Example:**
+
+```
+$ curl -i http://localhost:3903/health
+HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+content-type: text/plain
+content-length: 102
+date: Tue, 08 Aug 2023 07:22:38 GMT
+
+Garage is fully operational
+Consult the full health check API endpoint at /v0/health for more details
+```
+
+### On-demand TLS `GET /check`
+
+To prevent abuses for on-demand TLS, Caddy developpers have specified an endpoint that can be queried by the reverse proxy
+to know if a given domain is allowed to get a certificate. Garage implements this endpoints to tell if a given domain is handled by Garage or is garbage.
+
+Garage responds with the following logic:
+ - If the domain matches the pattern `<bucket-name>.<s3_api.root_domain>`, returns 200 OK
+ - If the domain matches the pattern `<bucket-name>.<s3_web.root_domain>` and website is configured for `<bucket>`, returns 200 OK
+ - If the domain matches the pattern `<bucket-name>` and website is configured for `<bucket>`, returns 200 OK
+ - Otherwise, returns 404 Not Found, 400 Bad Request or 5xx requests.
+
+*Note 1: because in the path-style URL mode, there is only one domain that is not known by Garage, hence it is not supported by this API endpoint.
+You must manually declare the domain in your reverse-proxy. Idem for K2V.*
+
+*Note 2: buckets in a user's namespace are not supported yet by this endpoint. This is a limitation of this endpoint currently.*
+
+**Example:** Suppose a Garage instance configured with `s3_api.root_domain = .s3.garage.localhost` and `s3_web.root_domain = .web.garage.localhost`.
+
+With a private `media` bucket (name in the global namespace, website is disabled), the endpoint will feature the following behavior:
+
+```
+$ curl -so /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" http://localhost:3903/check?domain=media.s3.garage.localhost
+200
+$ curl -so /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" http://localhost:3903/check?domain=media
+400
+$ curl -so /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" http://localhost:3903/check?domain=media.web.garage.localhost
+400
+```
+
+With a public `example.com` bucket (name in the global namespace, website is activated), the endpoint will feature the following behavior:
+
+```
+$ curl -so /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" http://localhost:3903/check?domain=example.com.s3.garage.localhost
+200
+$ curl -so /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" http://localhost:3903/check?domain=example.com
+200
+$ curl -so /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" http://localhost:3903/check?domain=example.com.web.garage.localhost
+200
+```
+
+
+**References:**
+ - [Using On-Demand TLS](https://caddyserver.com/docs/automatic-https#using-on-demand-tls)
+ - [Add option for a backend check to approve use of on-demand TLS](https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/pull/1939)
+ - [Serving tens of thousands of domains over HTTPS with Caddy](https://caddy.community/t/serving-tens-of-thousands-of-domains-over-https-with-caddy/11179)
 
 ### Cluster operations
 

doc/book/reference-manual/configuration.md

@@ -3,6 +3,8 @@ title = "Configuration file format"
 weight = 20
 +++
 
+## Full example
+
 Here is an example `garage.toml` configuration file that illustrates all of the possible options:
 
 ```toml
@@ -13,8 +15,9 @@ db_engine = "lmdb"
 
 block_size = 1048576
 
-sled_cache_capacity = 134217728
+sled_cache_capacity = "128MiB"
 sled_flush_every_ms = 2000
+lmdb_map_size = "1T"
 
 replication_mode = "3"
 
@@ -33,12 +36,18 @@ bootstrap_peers = [
 
 
 [consul_discovery]
+api = "catalog"
 consul_http_addr = "http://127.0.0.1:8500"
 service_name = "garage-daemon"
 ca_cert = "/etc/consul/consul-ca.crt"
 client_cert = "/etc/consul/consul-client.crt"
 client_key = "/etc/consul/consul-key.crt"
+# for `agent` API mode, unset client_cert and client_key, and optionally enable `token`
+# token = "abcdef-01234-56789"
 tls_skip_verify = false
+tags = [ "dns-enabled" ]
+meta = { dns-acl = "allow trusted" }
+
 
 [kubernetes_discovery]
 namespace = "garage"
@@ -96,7 +105,7 @@ Performance characteristics of the different DB engines are as follows:
 
 - Sled: the default database engine, which tends to produce
   large data files and also has performance issues, especially when the metadata folder
-  is on a traditionnal HDD and not on SSD.
+  is on a traditional HDD and not on SSD.
 - LMDB: the recommended alternative on 64-bit systems,
   much more space-efficiant and slightly faster. Note that the data format of LMDB is not portable
   between architectures, so for instance the Garage database of an x86-64
@@ -125,8 +134,8 @@ and not just the path to the metadata directory.
 ### `block_size`
 
 Garage splits stored objects in consecutive chunks of size `block_size`
-(except the last one which might be smaller). The default size is 1MB and
-should work in most cases. We recommend increasing it to e.g. 10MB if
+(except the last one which might be smaller). The default size is 1MiB and
+should work in most cases. We recommend increasing it to e.g. 10MiB if
 you are using Garage to store large files and have fast network connections
 between all nodes (e.g. 1gbps).
 
@@ -152,6 +161,14 @@ Increase this if sled is thrashing your SSD, at the risk of losing more data in
 of a power outage (though this should not matter much as data is replicated on other
 nodes). The default value, 2000ms, should be appropriate for most use cases.
 
+### `lmdb_map_size`
+
+This parameters can be used to set the map size used by LMDB,
+which is the size of the virtual memory region used for mapping the database file.
+The value of this parameter is the maximum size the metadata database can take.
+This value is not bound by the physical RAM size of the machine running Garage.
+If not specified, it defaults to 1GiB on 32-bit machines and 1TiB on 64-bit machines.
+
 ### `replication_mode`
 
 Garage supports the following replication modes:
@@ -259,13 +276,17 @@ Compression is done synchronously, setting a value too high will add latency to
 This value can be different between nodes, compression is done by the node which receive the
 API call.
 
-### `rpc_secret`
+### `rpc_secret`, `rpc_secret_file` or `GARAGE_RPC_SECRET` (env)
 
-Garage uses a secret key that is shared between all nodes of the cluster
-in order to identify these nodes and allow them to communicate together.
-This key should be specified here in the form of a 32-byte hex-encoded
-random string. Such a string can be generated with a command
-such as `openssl rand -hex 32`.
+Garage uses a secret key, called an RPC secret, that is shared between all
+nodes of the cluster in order to identify these nodes and allow them to
+communicate together. The RPC secret is a 32-byte hex-encoded random string,
+which can be generated with a command such as `openssl rand -hex 32`.
+
+The RPC secret should be specified in the `rpc_secret` configuration variable.
+Since Garage `v0.8.2`, the RPC secret can also be stored in a file whose path is
+given in the configuration variable `rpc_secret_file`, or specified as an
+environment variable `GARAGE_RPC_SECRET`.
 
 ### `rpc_bind_addr`
 
@@ -310,6 +331,12 @@ reached by other nodes of the cluster, which should be set in `rpc_public_addr`.
 
 The `consul_http_addr` parameter should be set to the full HTTP(S) address of the Consul server.
 
+### `api`
+
+Two APIs for service registration are supported: `catalog`  and `agent`. `catalog`, the default, will register a service using
+the `/v1/catalog` endpoints, enabling mTLS if `client_cert` and `client_key` are provided. The `agent` API uses the
+`v1/agent` endpoints instead, where an optional `token` may be provided.
+
 ### `service_name`
 
 `service_name` should be set to the service name under which Garage's
@@ -318,6 +345,7 @@ RPC ports are announced.
 ### `client_cert`, `client_key`
 
 TLS client certificate and client key to use when communicating with Consul over TLS. Both are mandatory when doing so.
+Only available when `api = "catalog"`.
 
 ### `ca_cert`
 
@@ -328,6 +356,29 @@ TLS CA certificate to use when communicating with Consul over TLS.
 Skip server hostname verification in TLS handshake.
 `ca_cert` is ignored when this is set.
 
+### `token`
+
+Uses the provided token for communication with Consul. Only available when `api = "agent"`.
+The policy assigned to this token should at least have these rules:
+
+```hcl
+// the `service_name` specified above
+service "garage" {
+  policy = "write"
+}
+
+service_prefix "" {
+  policy = "read"
+}
+
+node_prefix "" {
+  policy = "read"
+}
+```
+
+### `tags` and `meta`
+
+Additional list of tags and map of service meta to add during service registration.
 
 ## The `[kubernetes_discovery]` section
 
@@ -367,7 +418,7 @@ message that redirects the client to the correct region.
 
 ### `root_domain` {#root_domain}
 
-The optionnal suffix to access bucket using vhost-style in addition to path-style request.
+The optional suffix to access bucket using vhost-style in addition to path-style request.
 Note path-style requests are always enabled, whether or not vhost-style is configured.
 Configuring vhost-style S3 required a wildcard DNS entry, and possibly a wildcard TLS certificate,
 but might be required by softwares not supporting path-style requests.
@@ -390,7 +441,7 @@ This endpoint does not suport TLS: a reverse proxy should be used to provide it.
 
 ### `root_domain`
 
-The optionnal suffix appended to bucket names for the corresponding HTTP Host.
+The optional suffix appended to bucket names for the corresponding HTTP Host.
 
 For instance, if `root_domain` is `web.garage.eu`, a bucket called `deuxfleurs.fr`
 will be accessible either with hostname `deuxfleurs.fr.web.garage.eu`
@@ -407,24 +458,30 @@ If specified, Garage will bind an HTTP server to this port and address, on
 which it will listen to requests for administration features.
 See [administration API reference](@/documentation/reference-manual/admin-api.md) to learn more about these features.
 
-### `metrics_token` (since version 0.7.2)
+### `metrics_token`, `metrics_token_file` or `GARAGE_METRICS_TOKEN` (env)
 
-The token for accessing the Metrics endpoint. If this token is not set in
-the config file, the Metrics endpoint can be accessed without access
-control.
+The token for accessing the Metrics endpoint. If this token is not set, the
+Metrics endpoint can be accessed without access control.
 
 You can use any random string for this value. We recommend generating a random token with `openssl rand -hex 32`.
 
-### `admin_token` (since version 0.7.2)
+`metrics_token` was introduced in Garage `v0.7.2`.
+`metrics_token_file` and the `GARAGE_METRICS_TOKEN` environment variable are supported since Garage `v0.8.2`.
+
+
+### `admin_token`, `admin_token_file` or `GARAGE_ADMIN_TOKEN` (env)
 
 The token for accessing all of the other administration endpoints.  If this
-token is not set in the config file, access to these endpoints is disabled
-entirely.
+token is not set, access to these endpoints is disabled entirely.
 
 You can use any random string for this value. We recommend generating a random token with `openssl rand -hex 32`.
 
+`admin_token` was introduced in Garage `v0.7.2`.
+`admin_token_file` and the `GARAGE_ADMIN_TOKEN` environment variable are supported since Garage `v0.8.2`.
+
+
 ### `trace_sink`
 
-Optionnally, the address of an Opentelemetry collector.  If specified,
-Garage will send traces in the Opentelemetry format to this endpoint. These
+Optionally, the address of an OpenTelemetry collector.  If specified,
+Garage will send traces in the OpenTelemetry format to this endpoint. These
 trace allow to inspect Garage's operation when it handles S3 API requests.

doc/book/reference-manual/features.md

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ This makes setting up and administering storage clusters, we hope, as easy as it
 
 A Garage cluster can very easily evolve over time, as storage nodes are added or removed.
 Garage will automatically rebalance data between nodes as needed to ensure the desired number of copies.
-Read about cluster layout management [here](@/documentation/reference-manual/layout.md).
+Read about cluster layout management [here](@/documentation/operations/layout.md).
 
 ### No RAFT slowing you down
 

doc/book/reference-manual/k2v.md

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 +++
 title = "K2V"
-weight = 70
+weight = 100
 +++
 
-Starting with version 0.7.2, Garage introduces an optionnal feature, K2V,
+Starting with version 0.7.2, Garage introduces an optional feature, K2V,
 which is an alternative storage API designed to help efficiently store
 many small values in buckets (in opposition to S3 which is more designed
 to store large blobs).
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ the `k2v` feature flag enabled can be obtained from our download page under
 with `-k2v` (example: `v0.7.2-k2v`).
 
 The specification of the K2V API can be found
-[here](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/src/branch/k2v/doc/drafts/k2v-spec.md).
+[here](https://git.deuxfleurs.fr/Deuxfleurs/garage/src/branch/main/doc/drafts/k2v-spec.md).
 This document also includes a high-level overview of K2V's design.
 
 The K2V API uses AWSv4 signatures for authentification, same as the S3 API.

doc/book/reference-manual/monitoring.md

@@ -0,0 +1,285 @@
+
++++
+title = "Monitoring"
+weight = 60
++++
+
+
+For information on setting up monitoring, see our [dedicated page](@/documentation/cookbook/monitoring.md) in the Cookbook section.
+
+## List of exported metrics
+
+### Garage system metrics
+
+#### `garage_build_info` (counter)
+
+Exposes the Garage version number running on a node.
+
+```
+garage_build_info{version="1.0"} 1
+```
+
+#### `garage_replication_factor` (counter)
+
+Exposes the Garage replication factor configured on the node
+
+```
+garage_replication_factor 3
+```
+
+### Metrics of the API endpoints
+
+#### `api_admin_request_counter` (counter)
+
+Counts the number of requests to a given endpoint of the administration API. Example:
+
+```
+api_admin_request_counter{api_endpoint="Metrics"} 127041
+```
+
+#### `api_admin_request_duration` (histogram)
+
+Evaluates the duration of API calls to the various administration API endpoint. Example:
+
+```
+api_admin_request_duration_bucket{api_endpoint="Metrics",le="0.5"} 127041
+api_admin_request_duration_sum{api_endpoint="Metrics"} 605.250344830999
+api_admin_request_duration_count{api_endpoint="Metrics"} 127041
+```
+
+#### `api_s3_request_counter` (counter)
+
+Counts the number of requests to a given endpoint of the S3 API. Example:
+
+```
+api_s3_request_counter{api_endpoint="CreateMultipartUpload"} 1
+```
+
+#### `api_s3_error_counter` (counter)
+
+Counts the number of requests to a given endpoint of the S3 API that returned an error. Example:
+
+```
+api_s3_error_counter{api_endpoint="GetObject",status_code="404"} 39
+```
+
+#### `api_s3_request_duration` (histogram)
+
+Evaluates the duration of API calls to the various S3 API endpoints. Example:
+
+```
+api_s3_request_duration_bucket{api_endpoint="CreateMultipartUpload",le="0.5"} 1
+api_s3_request_duration_sum{api_endpoint="CreateMultipartUpload"} 0.046340762
+api_s3_request_duration_count{api_endpoint="CreateMultipartUpload"} 1
+```
+
+#### `api_k2v_request_counter` (counter), `api_k2v_error_counter` (counter), `api_k2v_error_duration` (histogram)
+
+Same as for S3, for the K2V API.
+
+
+### Metrics of the Web endpoint
+
+
+#### `web_request_counter` (counter)
+
+Number of requests to the web endpoint
+
+```
+web_request_counter{method="GET"} 80
+```
+
+#### `web_request_duration` (histogram)
+
+Duration of requests to the web endpoint
+
+```
+web_request_duration_bucket{method="GET",le="0.5"} 80
+web_request_duration_sum{method="GET"} 1.0528433229999998
+web_request_duration_count{method="GET"} 80
+```
+
+#### `web_error_counter` (counter)
+
+Number of requests to the web endpoint resulting in errors
+
+```
+web_error_counter{method="GET",status_code="404 Not Found"} 64
+```
+
+
+### Metrics of the data block manager
+
+#### `block_bytes_read`, `block_bytes_written` (counter)
+
+Number of bytes read/written to/from disk in the data storage directory.
+
+```
+block_bytes_read 120586322022
+block_bytes_written 3386618077
+```
+
+#### `block_compression_level` (counter)
+
+Exposes the block compression level configured for the Garage node.
+
+```
+block_compression_level 3
+```
+
+#### `block_read_duration`, `block_write_duration` (histograms)
+
+Evaluates the duration of the reading/writing of individual data blocks in the data storage directory.
+
+```
+block_read_duration_bucket{le="0.5"} 169229
+block_read_duration_sum 2761.6902550310056
+block_read_duration_count 169240
+block_write_duration_bucket{le="0.5"} 3559
+block_write_duration_sum 195.59170078500006
+block_write_duration_count 3571
+```
+
+#### `block_delete_counter` (counter)
+
+Counts the number of data blocks that have been deleted from storage.
+
+```
+block_delete_counter 122
+```
+
+#### `block_resync_counter` (counter), `block_resync_duration` (histogram)
+
+Counts the number of resync operations the node has executed, and evaluates their duration.
+
+```
+block_resync_counter 308897
+block_resync_duration_bucket{le="0.5"} 308892
+block_resync_duration_sum 139.64204196100016
+block_resync_duration_count 308897
+```
+
+#### `block_resync_queue_length` (gauge)
+
+The number of block hashes currently queued for a resync.
+This is normal to be nonzero for long periods of time.
+
+```
+block_resync_queue_length 0
+```
+
+#### `block_resync_errored_blocks` (gauge)
+
+The number of block hashes that we were unable to resync last time we tried.
+**THIS SHOULD BE ZERO, OR FALL BACK TO ZERO RAPIDLY, IN A HEALTHY CLUSTER.**
+Persistent nonzero values indicate that some data is likely to be lost.
+
+```
+block_resync_errored_blocks 0
+```
+
+
+### Metrics related to RPCs (remote procedure calls) between nodes
+
+#### `rpc_netapp_request_counter` (counter)
+
+Number of RPC requests emitted
+
+```
+rpc_request_counter{from="<this node>",rpc_endpoint="garage_block/manager.rs/Rpc",to="<remote node>"} 176
+```
+
+#### `rpc_netapp_error_counter` (counter)
+
+Number of communication errors (errors in the Netapp library, generally due to disconnected nodes)
+
+```
+rpc_netapp_error_counter{from="<this node>",rpc_endpoint="garage_block/manager.rs/Rpc",to="<remote node>"} 354
+```
+
+#### `rpc_timeout_counter` (counter)
+
+Number of RPC timeouts, should be close to zero in a healthy cluster.
+
+```
+rpc_timeout_counter{from="<this node>",rpc_endpoint="garage_rpc/membership.rs/SystemRpc",to="<remote node>"} 1
+```
+
+#### `rpc_duration` (histogram)
+
+The duration of internal RPC calls between Garage nodes.
+
+```
+rpc_duration_bucket{from="<this node>",rpc_endpoint="garage_block/manager.rs/Rpc",to="<remote node>",le="0.5"} 166
+rpc_duration_sum{from="<this node>",rpc_endpoint="garage_block/manager.rs/Rpc",to="<remote node>"} 35.172253716
+rpc_duration_count{from="<this node>",rpc_endpoint="garage_block/manager.rs/Rpc",to="<remote node>"} 174
+```
+
+
+### Metrics of the metadata table manager
+
+#### `table_gc_todo_queue_length` (gauge)
+
+Table garbage collector TODO queue length
+
+```
+table_gc_todo_queue_length{table_name="block_ref"} 0
+```
+
+#### `table_get_request_counter` (counter), `table_get_request_duration` (histogram)
+
+Number of get/get_range requests internally made on each table, and their duration.
+
+```
+table_get_request_counter{table_name="bucket_alias"} 315
+table_get_request_duration_bucket{table_name="bucket_alias",le="0.5"} 315
+table_get_request_duration_sum{table_name="bucket_alias"} 0.048509778000000024
+table_get_request_duration_count{table_name="bucket_alias"} 315
+```
+
+
+#### `table_put_request_counter` (counter), `table_put_request_duration` (histogram)
+
+Number of insert/insert_many requests internally made on this table, and their duration
+
+```
+table_put_request_counter{table_name="block_ref"} 677
+table_put_request_duration_bucket{table_name="block_ref",le="0.5"} 677
+table_put_request_duration_sum{table_name="block_ref"} 61.617528636
+table_put_request_duration_count{table_name="block_ref"} 677
+```
+
+#### `table_internal_delete_counter` (counter)
+
+Number of value deletions in the tree (due to GC or repartitioning)
+
+```
+table_internal_delete_counter{table_name="block_ref"} 2296
+```
+
+#### `table_internal_update_counter` (counter)
+
+Number of value updates where the value actually changes (includes creation of new key and update of existing key)
+
+```
+table_internal_update_counter{table_name="block_ref"} 5996
+```
+
+#### `table_merkle_updater_todo_queue_length` (gauge)
+
+Merkle tree updater TODO queue length (should fall to zero rapidly)
+
+```
+table_merkle_updater_todo_queue_length{table_name="block_ref"} 0
+```
+
+#### `table_sync_items_received`, `table_sync_items_sent` (counters)
+
+Number of data items sent to/recieved from other nodes during resync procedures
+
+```
+table_sync_items_received{from="<remote node>",table_name="bucket_v2"} 3
+table_sync_items_sent{table_name="block_ref",to="<remote node>"} 2
+```
+
+

doc/book/reference-manual/s3-compatibility.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
 title = "S3 Compatibility status"
-weight = 40
+weight = 70
 +++
 
 ## DISCLAIMER

doc/book/working-documents/_index.md

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 +++
 title = "Working Documents"
-weight = 8
+weight = 90
 sort_by = "weight"
 template = "documentation.html"
 +++

doc/book/working-documents/migration-08.md

@@ -12,13 +12,15 @@ back up all your data before attempting it!**
 Garage v0.8 introduces new data tables that allow the counting of objects in buckets in order to implement bucket quotas.
 A manual migration step is required to first count objects in Garage buckets and populate these tables with accurate data.
 
+## Simple migration procedure (takes cluster offline for a while)
+
 The migration steps are as follows:
 
 1. Disable API and web access. Garage v0.7 does not support disabling
    these endpoints but you can change the port number or stop your reverse proxy for instance.
 2. Do `garage repair --all-nodes --yes tables` and `garage repair --all-nodes --yes blocks`,
    check the logs and check that all data seems to be synced correctly between
-   nodes. If you have time, do additional checks (`scrub`, `block_refs`, etc.)
+   nodes. If you have time, do additional checks (`versions`, `block_refs`, etc.)
 3. Check that queues are empty: run `garage stats` to query them or inspect metrics in the Grafana dashboard.
 4. Turn off Garage v0.7
 5. **Backup the metadata folder of all your nodes!** For instance, use the following command
@@ -32,3 +34,24 @@ The migration steps are as follows:
 10. Your upgraded cluster should be in a working state. Re-enable API and Web
     access and check that everything went well.
 11. Monitor your cluster in the next hours to see if it works well under your production load, report any issue.
+
+## Minimal downtime migration procedure
+
+The migration to Garage v0.8 can be done with almost no downtime,
+by restarting all nodes at once in the new version. The only limitation with this
+method is that bucket sizes and item counts will not be estimated correctly
+until all nodes have had a chance to run their offline migration procedure.
+
+The migration steps are as follows:
+
+1. Do `garage repair --all-nodes --yes tables` and `garage repair --all-nodes --yes blocks`,
+   check the logs and check that all data seems to be synced correctly between
+   nodes. If you have time, do additional checks (`versions`, `block_refs`, etc.)
+
+2. Turn off each node individually; back up its metadata folder (see above); turn it back on again. This will allow you to take a backup of all nodes without impacting global cluster availability. You can do all nodes of a single zone at once as this does not impact the availability of Garage.
+
+3. Prepare your binaries and configuration files for Garage v0.8
+
+4. Shut down all v0.7 nodes simultaneously, and restart them all simultaneously in v0.8. Use your favorite deployment tool (Ansible, Kubernetes, Nomad) to achieve this as fast as possible.
+
+5. At this point, Garage will indicate invalid values for the size and number of objects in each bucket (most likely, it will indicate zero). To fix this, take each node offline individually to do the offline migration step: `garage offline-repair --yes object_counters`. Again you can do all nodes of a single zone at once.

doc/drafts/admin-api.md

@@ -453,7 +453,7 @@ Request body format:
 }
 ```
 
-All fields (`name`, `allow` and `deny`) are optionnal.
+All fields (`name`, `allow` and `deny`) are optional.
 If they are present, the corresponding modifications are applied to the key, otherwise nothing is changed.
 The possible flags in `allow` and `deny` are: `createBucket`.
 
@@ -609,7 +609,7 @@ Request body format:
 }
 ```
 
-All fields (`websiteAccess` and `quotas`) are optionnal.
+All fields (`websiteAccess` and `quotas`) are optional.
 If they are present, the corresponding modifications are applied to the bucket, otherwise nothing is changed.
 
 In `websiteAccess`: if `enabled` is `true`, `indexDocument` must be specified.

doc/drafts/k2v-spec.md

@@ -706,6 +706,73 @@ HTTP/1.1 200 OK
 ]
 ```
 
+**PollRange: `POST /<bucket>/<partition key>?poll_range`**, or alternatively<br/>
+**PollRange: `SEARCH /<bucket>/<partition key>?poll_range`**
+
+Polls a range of items for changes.
+
+The query body is a JSON object consisting of the following fields:
+
+| name            | default value | meaning                                                                                |
+|-----------------|---------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `prefix`        | `null`        | Restrict items to poll to those whose sort keys start with this prefix                 |
+| `start`         | `null`        | The sort key of the first item to poll                                                 |
+| `end`           | `null`        | The sort key of the last item to poll (excluded)                                       |
+| `timeout`       | 300           | The timeout before 304 NOT MODIFIED is returned if no value in the range is updated    |
+| `seenMarker`    | `null`        | An opaque string returned by a previous PollRange call, that represents items already seen |
+
+The timeout can be set to any number of seconds, with a maximum of 600 seconds (10 minutes).
+
+The response is either:
+
+- A HTTP 304 NOT MODIFIED response with an empty body, if the timeout expired and no changes occurred
+
+- A HTTP 200 response, indicating that some changes have occurred since the last PollRange call, in which case a JSON object is returned in the body with the following fields:
+
+| name            | meaning                                                                                |
+|-----------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `seenMarker`    | An opaque string that represents items already seen for future PollRange calls         |
+| `items`         | The list of items that have changed since last PollRange call, in the same format as ReadBatch |
+
+If no seen marker is known by the caller, it can do a PollRange call
+without specifying `seenMarker`. In this case, the PollRange call will
+complete immediately, and return the current content of the range (which
+can be empty) and a seen marker to be used in further PollRange calls. This
+is the only case in which PollRange might return an HTTP 200 with an empty
+set of items.
+
+A seen marker returned as a response to a PollRange query can be used for further PollRange
+queries on the same range, or for PollRange queries in a subrange of the initial range.
+It may not be used for PollRange queries on ranges larger or outside of the initial range.
+
+Example query:
+
+```json
+SEARCH /my_bucket?poll_range HTTP/1.1
+
+{
+  "prefix": "0391.",
+  "start": "0391.000001973107",
+  "seenMarker": "opaquestring123",
+}
+```
+
+
+Example response:
+
+```json
+HTTP/1.1 200 OK
+Content-Type: application/json
+
+{
+  "seenMarker": "opaquestring456",
+  "items": [
+    { sk: "0391.000001973221", ct: "opaquetoken123", v: ["b64cryptoblob123", "b64cryptoblob'123"] },
+    { sk: "0391.000001974191", ct: "opaquetoken456", v: ["b64cryptoblob456", "b64cryptoblob'456"] },
+  ]
+}
+```
+
 
 ## Internals: causality tokens
 

doc/talks/.envrc

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+use_nix

doc/talks/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+.direnv/

doc/talks/2023-01-18-tocatta/.gitignore

@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+*
+
+!*.txt
+!*.md
+
+!assets
+
+!.gitignore
+!*.svg
+!*.png
+!*.jpg
+!*.tex
+!Makefile
+!.gitignore
+!assets/*.drawio.pdf
+
+!talk.pdf

doc/talks/2023-01-18-tocatta/Makefile

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+ASSETS=assets/consistent_hashing_1.pdf \
+	   assets/consistent_hashing_2.pdf \
+	   assets/consistent_hashing_3.pdf \
+	   assets/consistent_hashing_4.pdf \
+	   assets/garage_tables.pdf \
+	   assets/consensus.pdf_tex \
+	   assets/lattice1.pdf_tex \
+	   assets/lattice2.pdf_tex \
+	   assets/lattice3.pdf_tex \
+	   assets/lattice4.pdf_tex \
+	   assets/lattice5.pdf_tex \
+	   assets/lattice6.pdf_tex \
+	   assets/lattice7.pdf_tex \
+	   assets/lattice8.pdf_tex \
+	   assets/latticeB_1.pdf_tex \
+	   assets/latticeB_2.pdf_tex \
+	   assets/latticeB_3.pdf_tex \
+	   assets/latticeB_4.pdf_tex \
+	   assets/latticeB_5.pdf_tex \
+	   assets/latticeB_6.pdf_tex \
+	   assets/latticeB_7.pdf_tex \
+	   assets/latticeB_8.pdf_tex \
+	   assets/latticeB_9.pdf_tex \
+	   assets/latticeB_10.pdf_tex \
+	   assets/deuxfleurs.pdf
+
+talk.pdf: talk.tex $(ASSETS)
+	pdflatex talk.tex
+
+assets/%.pdf: assets/%.svg
+	inkscape -D -z --file=$^ --export-pdf=$@
+
+assets/%.pdf_tex: assets/%.svg
+	inkscape -D -z --file=$^ --export-pdf=$@ --export-latex

doc/talks/2023-01-18-tocatta/abstract.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+### (fr) Garage, un système de stockage de données géo-distribué léger et robuste
+
+Garage est un système de stockage de données léger, géo-distribué, qui
+implémente le protocole de stockage S3 de Amazon. Garage est destiné
+principalement à l'auto-hébergement sur du matériel courant d'occasion. À ce
+titre, il doit tolérer un grand nombre de pannes: coupures de courant, coupures
+de connexion Internet, pannes de machines, ... Il doit également être facile à
+déployer et à maintenir, afin de pouvoir être facilement utilisé par des
+amateurs ou des petites organisations.
+
+Cette présentation vous proposera un aperçu de Garage et du choix technique
+principal qui rend un système comme Garage possible: le refus d'utiliser des
+algorithmes de consensus, remplacés avantageusement par des méthodes à
+cohérence faible.  Notre modèle est fortement inspiré de la base de donnée
+Dynamo (DeCandia et al, 2007), et fait usage des types de données CRDT (Shapiro
+et al, 2011).  Nous exploreront comment ces méthodes s'appliquent à la
+construction de l'abstraction "stockage objet" dans un système distribué, et
+quelles autres abstractions peuvent ou ne peuvent pas être construites dans ce
+modèle.
+
+### (en) Garage, a lightweight and robust geo-distributed data storage system
+
+Garage is a lightweight geo-distributed data store that implements the Amazon
+S3 object storage protocol.  Garage is meant primarily for self-hosting at home
+on second-hand commodity hardware, meaning it has to tolerate a wide variety of
+failure scenarios such as power cuts, Internet disconnections and machine
+crashes. It also has to be easy to deploy and maintain, so that hobbyists and
+small organizations can use it without trouble. 
+
+This talk will present Garage and the key technical choice that made Garage
+possible: refusing to use consensus algorithms and using instead weak
+consistency methods, with a model that is loosely based on that of the Dynamo
+database (DeCandia et al, 2007) and that makes heavy use of conflict-free
+replicated data types (Shapiro et al, 2011).  We will explore how these methods
+are suited to building the "object store" abstraction in a distributed system,
+and what other abstractions are possible or impossible to build in this model.
+
+
+

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+    <text
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+         id="tspan4278"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
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+  </g>
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+    <text
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+         id="tspan4278"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
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+         id="tspan3705"
+         style="stroke-width:0.264583;fill:#000000"
+         x="6.9525447"
+         y="13.702217">$write(\{a\})$:</tspan></text>
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
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+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan3705-5"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="6.9525447"
+         y="65.261436">$read()$:</tspan></text>
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
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+         id="tspan3748"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="23.457415"
+         y="24.042637">$\sqsupseteq \{a\} \to$ OK</tspan></text>
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
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+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan3748-2"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="23.457415"
+         y="33.02087">$\sqsupseteq \{a\} \to$ OK</tspan></text>
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#999999;stroke-width:0.264583"
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+         id="tspan3748-6"
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+         x="23.457415"
+         y="41.972523">$\not\sqsupseteq \{a\}$</tspan></text>
+    <circle
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+       id="path3663-6-6-4"
+       cx="18.004833"
+       cy="70.942116"
+       r="2.7302806" />
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+       x="23.457415"
+       y="73.643356"
+       id="text3750-7"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan3748-65"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="23.457415"
+         y="73.643356">$\to \{\}$</tspan></text>
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
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+       id="text4280"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan4278"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="14.395845"
+         y="52.022549">return OK</tspan></text>
+  </g>
+</svg>

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+         id="tspan3705"
+         style="stroke-width:0.264583;fill:#000000"
+         x="6.9525447"
+         y="13.702217">$write(\{a\})$:</tspan></text>
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+       x="6.9525447"
+       y="65.261436"
+       id="text3707-1"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan3705-5"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="6.9525447"
+         y="65.261436">$read()$:</tspan></text>
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+       x="23.457415"
+       y="24.042637"
+       id="text3750"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan3748"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="23.457415"
+         y="24.042637">$\sqsupseteq \{a\} \to$ OK</tspan></text>
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+       x="23.457415"
+       y="33.02087"
+       id="text3750-3"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan3748-2"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="23.457415"
+         y="33.02087">$\sqsupseteq \{a\} \to$ OK</tspan></text>
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#999999;stroke-width:0.264583"
+       x="23.457415"
+       y="41.972523"
+       id="text3750-0"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan3748-6"
+         style="fill:#999999;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="23.457415"
+         y="41.972523">$\not\sqsupseteq \{a\}$</tspan></text>
+    <circle
+       style="fill:#ff0000;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.499999;stroke-dasharray:none;stop-color:#000000"
+       id="path3663-6-6-4"
+       cx="18.004833"
+       cy="70.942116"
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+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+       x="23.457415"
+       y="73.643356"
+       id="text3750-7"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan3748-65"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="23.457415"
+         y="73.643356">$\to \{\}$</tspan></text>
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
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+       id="text4280"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan4278"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="14.395845"
+         y="52.022549">return OK</tspan></text>
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+       x="14.395845"
+       y="92.005798"
+       id="text4280-3"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan4278-7"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="14.395845"
+         y="92.005798">return $\{\}\sqcup\{a\}=\{a\}$</tspan></text>
+    <circle
+       style="fill:#800080;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.499999;stroke-dasharray:none;stop-color:#000000"
+       id="path3663-1-5"
+       cx="18.004833"
+       cy="81.007744"
+       r="2.7302806" />
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+       x="23.457415"
+       y="83.577797"
+       id="text3750-0-6"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan3748-6-9"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="23.457415"
+         y="83.577797">$\to \{a\}$</tspan></text>
+  </g>
+</svg>

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+       transform="translate(51.996784,1.0317046)"
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+         style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;text-align:center;text-anchor:middle;stroke-width:0.264583;fill:#000000"
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+         style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;text-align:center;text-anchor:middle;stroke-width:0.264583;fill:#000000"
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+       d="m 165.29305,32.445235 0.33313,-12.554874 m -0.33313,12.554874 0.33313,-12.554874"
+       id="path1300-2-2-6-9"
+       sodipodi:nodetypes="cc" />
+    <circle
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+    <circle
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+    <circle
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+    <circle
+       style="fill:#800080;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.499999;stroke-dasharray:none;stop-color:#000000"
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+       cx="18.004833"
+       cy="21.341394"
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+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
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+         id="tspan3705"
+         style="stroke-width:0.264583;fill:#000000"
+         x="6.9525447"
+         y="13.702217">$write(\{a\})$:</tspan></text>
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
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+       y="65.261436"
+       id="text3707-1"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan3705-5"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="6.9525447"
+         y="65.261436">$read()$:</tspan></text>
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
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+       id="text3750"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan3748"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="23.457415"
+         y="24.042637">$\sqsupseteq \{a\} \to$ OK</tspan></text>
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
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+       id="text3750-3"><tspan
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+         id="tspan3748-2"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="23.457415"
+         y="33.02087">$\sqsupseteq \{a\} \to$ OK</tspan></text>
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+       x="23.457415"
+       y="41.972523"
+       id="text3750-0"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan3748-6"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="23.457415"
+         y="41.972523">$\sqsupseteq \{a\}$</tspan></text>
+    <circle
+       style="fill:#ff0000;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.499999;stroke-dasharray:none;stop-color:#000000"
+       id="path3663-6-6-4"
+       cx="18.004833"
+       cy="70.942116"
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+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+       x="23.457415"
+       y="73.643356"
+       id="text3750-7"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan3748-65"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="23.457415"
+         y="73.643356">$\to \{\}$</tspan></text>
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
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+       id="text4280"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan4278"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="14.395845"
+         y="52.022549">return OK</tspan></text>
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
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+       id="text4280-3"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan4278-7"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="14.395845"
+         y="92.005798">return $\{\}\sqcup\{a\}=\{a\}$</tspan></text>
+    <circle
+       style="fill:#800080;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.499999;stroke-dasharray:none;stop-color:#000000"
+       id="path3663-1-5"
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+       cy="81.007744"
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+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
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+       y="83.577797"
+       id="text3750-0-6"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan3748-6-9"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="23.457415"
+         y="83.577797">$\to \{a\}$</tspan></text>
+  </g>
+</svg>

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+         id="tspan2630">return $\{a\}$</tspan></text>
+    <circle
+       style="fill:#ff0000;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.499999;stroke-dasharray:none;stop-color:#000000"
+       id="path3663-3-0-7"
+       cx="67.201363"
+       cy="133.94179"
+       r="2.7302806" />
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+       x="72.653946"
+       y="136.59073"
+       id="text3750-3-6"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan3748-2-0"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="72.653946"
+         y="136.59073">$\to \{\}$</tspan></text>
+    <circle
+       style="fill:#ff0000;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.499999;stroke-dasharray:none;stop-color:#000000"
+       id="path3663-6-6-0-6"
+       cx="174.36296"
+       cy="124.91125"
+       r="2.7302806" />
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+       x="179.81555"
+       y="127.6125"
+       id="text3750-9-1"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan3748-3-8"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="179.81555"
+         y="127.6125">$\to \{\}$</tspan></text>
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+       x="162.7999"
+       y="118.94403"
+       id="text3707-5-3-7"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan3705-4-6-5"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="162.7999"
+         y="118.94403">$read()$:</tspan></text>
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;stroke-width:0.264583"
+       x="134.97845"
+       y="132.58472"
+       id="text3899"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan3897"
+         style="stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="134.97845"
+         y="132.58472">;</tspan></text>
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+       x="169.92604"
+       y="146.3129"
+       id="text4280-6-7"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="169.92604"
+         y="146.3129"
+         id="tspan2630-9">return $\{b\}$</tspan></text>
+    <circle
+       style="fill:#008000;stroke:none;stroke-width:0.499999;stroke-dasharray:none;stop-color:#000000"
+       id="path3663-3-0-7-2"
+       cx="174.36296"
+       cy="133.94179"
+       r="2.7302806" />
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+       x="179.81555"
+       y="136.59073"
+       id="text3750-3-6-0"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan3748-2-0-2"
+         style="fill:#000000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="179.81555"
+         y="136.59073">$\to \{b\}$</tspan></text>
+    <text
+       xml:space="preserve"
+       style="font-size:8.46667px;line-height:1.25;font-family:sans-serif;text-align:end;text-anchor:end;fill:#ff0000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+       x="259.75"
+       y="135.53111"
+       id="text9043"><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         id="tspan9041"
+         style="fill:#ff0000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="259.75"
+         y="135.53111">${\Large\textbf{??!}}$~~~~~</tspan><tspan
+         sodipodi:role="line"
+         style="fill:#ff0000;stroke-width:0.264583"
+         x="259.75"
+         y="146.11446"
+         id="tspan9372">$\{a\} \not\sqsubseteq \{b\}$</tspan></text>
+  </g>
+</svg>